番茄还有这么大的隐藏作用？吃对了效果比补脑产品要强多了

　　能解毒还能提高记忆，这番茄到底正不正经？
　　【文献解读】
　　双酚A用于生产聚碳酸酯塑料和环氧树脂，用于许多消费品，大多数人在日常生活中都会遇到双酚A。然而，据大量报道，双酚A具有神经毒性作用，会影响人的认知功能。2020年3月，埃及赫尔万大学研究团队，在期刊《Human and Experimental Toxicology》发表了番茄红素对高剂量双酚A诱导的认知缺陷的影响。结果表明，番茄红素能够保护海马区免受双酚A诱导的神经毒性。
　　本研究以小鼠为模式生物，将72只大鼠分为4组进行42天对照试验。给予番茄红素的双酚A中毒小鼠在行为实验中学习和认知记忆显著提高，同时增加了乙酰胆碱酯酶活性，并通过恢复还原型谷胱甘肽和抑制丙二醛海马水平至正常水平来抑制氧化应激。机制上，番茄红素上调酪氨酸受体激酶B的蛋白表达，使其下游的MAPK/ERK1/2/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白/脑源性神经营养因子信号通路在双酚A中毒大鼠的海马区升高。此外，番茄红素与双酚A联合作用可显著降低B细胞白血病/淋巴瘤-2相关基因表达和caspase-3活性，恢复B细胞白血病/淋巴瘤-2基因表达，从而阻止细胞凋亡。
　　注：双酚A中毒大鼠海马番茄红素保护机制综述
　　综上所述，本研究为番茄红素对双酚A中毒小鼠海马区的神经保护作用提供了证据，其机制可能与番茄红素的抗氧化作用，激活MAPK/ERK通路，抑制神经元凋亡，从而改善学习和认知记忆。
　　【文献节选】
　　Neurobehavioral deficits such as anxiety, reduced exploratory activity, and impaired spatial memory were reported in male offspring mice following a perinatal BPA exposure.9The reported underlying mechanisms comprised oxidative stress and lipid peroxidative capacity, decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, increased apoptosis, decreased glutamate receptors expression, and suppressed cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) phosphorylation.10–13Experimental studies have shown protective effects of natural antioxidants such as curcumin and lipoic acid against BPA-induced cognitive and other neurobehavioral disturbances.13,14 Lycopene, on the other hand, is an aliphatic hydrocarbon carotenoid that can be found in different fruits and vegetables, for example, watermelon and tomatoes. Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments. Interestingly, lycopene has shown powerful antioxidant activities in comparison to other carotenoids and natural compounds.