【已领】Whyabrokenheartreallyhurts

　　标题：Whyabrokenheartreallyhurts
　　source：theguardian丨SianBeilock
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　　Socialexclusionisanormalpartoflife。Wehaveall，atonetimeoranother，feltdislikedatwork，spurnedbyapartnerorsnubbedbyfriends。Eventhoughit’sunpleasant，socialrejectionseemsprettydifferentfromaphysicalinjury。Yettheseexperiencesshareacommonbiologicalsubstrateinthebrain。
　　Fordecades，neuroscientistshavebeenawarethataspecificbraincircuitisinvolvedinregisteringphysicalpain。Whetheryougetprickedwithaneedleorsprainyourankle，manyofthesameneuralcircuitscomealivetoprocessthepain：theinsula，thecingulatecortexandthesomatosensorycortex。Scientistshavediscoveredthatsomeofthosesameneuraltissuesalsogiverisetopainfulfeelingsandemotions。Inotherwords：weunderstand“hurtfeelings”ora“brokenheart”physically。
　　In2003twoUCLAneuroscientists，NaomiEisenbergerandMattLieberman，askedvolunteerstotakepartinacomputergameknownasCyberball。Cyberballappearstobeavirtualgameofcatchwithtwootherplayerswhosecomputerisnetworkedtothevolunteer’s。Thevolunteercan’tseetheotherpeopleplayingbuthe’stoldtheirnames，ages，theirinterestsandbackgrounds。Thethreeplaycatch，butatsomepointtheothertwoplayersstopincludingthevolunteer，tossingtheballonlytoeachother。Hecanonlysitandwatchashe’sexcluded。
　　Inreality，therearen’thegameiscontrolledbyacomputer。Butthevolunteersdon’tknowthis。Whilethevolunteerplayedandthenwasexcludedfromthegame，scientistspeeredinsidehisbrainanddiscoveredthatpartoftheneuralpainmatrixspecificallytheinsulaandtheanteriorcingulatecortex（ACC）camealive。Alongwithitsroleinprocessingnegativeemotions，theACCactsasaneuralalarmsystem，givingrisetotherealisationthatsomethingiswrong。（TheACCisoftentalkedaboutasour“Oh，shit”sensor。）Physicalpain，themostbasicsignalthatthereisaproblem，activatesthisbrainarea。
　　Evolution’ssolutiontoourneedforcaretakinghasinstilledinusaneedforsocialconnectionandasenseofdistresswhenthoseconnectionsaresevered。Becausethebraindoesn’talwaysmakeacleardistinctionbetweenphysicalandsocialpain，someofthewayswegoaboutalleviatingphysicalpaincanhelplessensocialpain。Whenpeopletakeparacetamoloverthecourseofseveralweeks，theyreportlessdailysocialpain，andtheirbrainislessreactivetosocialrejection。
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　　Understandingthelinkbetweenthementalandthephysicalcangiveuscluesabouthowbesttointeractwithothers。Atwork，forinstance，blamingacolleagueforafailedprojectmaytriggeracascadeofneuralresponsesintheirpainmatrix：aresponselikelytoresultinlessproductivity。Whenoursocialalarmsystemsaretriggered，wehavelessbrainpowertothinkaboutthetaskathand。Butwhenwefeelconnected，weworkbetter。Sofosteringrelationshipsthathelpteamsofpeoplefeelconnectedmightdomoretoboostworkperformance。Inotherwords，thoseteambuildingexercisesthatencourageyoutofeelmorephysicallytrustingtowardsyourcolleague？Theymayhelpyoufeelmorementallyconnected，too。
　　Ourmentalandphysicalworldscannotbecarvedupintoneat，separateboxes。Mostpeopletakecarenottocauseeachotherphysicalpainperhapsabetterunderstandingofhowourmindsworkwillencourageustotakemorecarenottocauseemotionaldistress，either。