source：SHANALEBOWITZANDDRAKEBAER 欲翻译的小伙伴，可评论领稿，并把已完成的译文贴在评论处或发在自己的心理圈内。请领稿的小伙伴，尽量在一个星期内完成翻译，谢谢！！ Youmakethousandsofdecisionseverydayfromwhattoeatforbreakfasttowhichjoboffertotake。 Andyoumightthinkyouapproachallthosedecisionsrationally。 Yetresearchsuggeststhereareahugenumberofcognitivestumblingblocksthatcanaffectourbehavior，preventingusfromactinginourownbestinterests。 Here，veroundedupsomeofthemostcommonlycitedbiasesthatscrewupourdecisionmaking。 Peopleareoverreliantonthefirstpieceofinformationtheyhear。 Inasalarynegotiation，forinstance，smind。 Anycounterofferwillnaturallybeanchoredbythatopeningoffer。 Availabilityheuristic Whenpeopleoverestimatetheimportanceofinformationthatisavailabletothem。 Forinstance，apersonmightarguethatsmokingisnotunhealthyonthebasisthathisgrandfatherlivedto100andsmokedthreepacksaday。 Bandwagoneffect Theprobabilityofonepersonadoptingabeliefincreasesbasedonthenumberofpeoplewhoholdthatbelief。Tsareasonmeetingsareoftenunproductive。 Blindspotbias Failingtorecognizeyourcognitivebiasesisabiasinitself。 Notably，PrincetonpsychologistEmilyPindividualsseetheexistenceandoperationofcognitiveandmotivationalbiasesmuchmoreinothersthaninthemselves。 Choicesupportivebias Whenyouchoosesomething，youtendtofeelpositiveaboutit，evenifthechoicehasflaws。Youthinkthatyourdogisawesomeevenifitbitespeopleeveryonceinawhileandthatotherdogsarestupid，renotyours。 Clusteringillusion Thisisthetendencytoseepatternsinrandomevents。Itiscentraltovariousgamblingfallacies，liketheideathatredismoreorlesslikelytoturnuponarouletteafterastringofreds。 Confirmationbias Wssohardtohaveanintelligentconversationaboutclimatechange。 Conservatismbias Wherepeoplebelievepriorevidencemorethannewevidenceorinformationthathasemerged。PeoplewereslowtoacceptthefactthattheEarthwasroundbecausetheymaintainedtheirearlierunderstandingthattheplanetwasflat。 Informationbias Thetendencytoseekinformationwhenitdoesnotaffectaction。Moreinformationisnotalwaysbetter。Indeed，withlessinformation，peoplecanoftenmakemoreaccuratepredictions。 Ostricheffect Tsheadinthesand，likeanostrich。Researchsuggeststhatinvestorscheckthevalueoftheirholdingssignificantlylessoftenduringbadmarkets。 Bsanupsidetoactinglikeabigbird，atleastforinvestors。Whenyouhavelimitedknowledgeaboutyourholdings，relesslikelytotrade，whichgenerallytranslatestohigherreturnsinthelongrun。 Outcomebias Judgingadecisionbasedontheoutcomeratherthanhowexactlythedecisionwasmadeinthemoment。JustbecauseyouwonalotinVtmeangamblingyourmoneywasasmartdecision。 Overconfidence Someofusaretooconfidentaboutourabilities，andthiscausesustotakegreaterrisksinourdailylives。 Perhapssurprisingly，expertsaremorepronetothisbiasthanlaypeople。Asright。
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