2019届高考英语状语从句

　　XX高考二轮复习英语教案
　　专题十一 状语从句
　　【专题要点】状语从句考点概览：1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别；2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导时间状语；3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型；4.till和until的用法；5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法；6.结果状语从句中＂so ----that＂与＂such---that＂的区别；7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法；8.＂疑问词+ever＂和＂no matter+疑问词＂引导从句的用法
　　【考纲要求】考纲要求在复习状语从句中掌握如下几点：1.全面掌握状语从句的九大类别；2.根据历年高考试题,对状语从句的考点要进行全面的归纳,在九大类别中的考查热点中，重点把握在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词运用上；3.熟练运用出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句；4.做好易混词的辨析如：as, when, while等，时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现；5. 掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略；6.与其它从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析
　　【教法指引】状语从句是是中学的重点语法项目，也是高考常考的语法项目之一，分析近五年来的高考题几乎每年各省市都考查到它。根据其用途,状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、副词、形容词或整个句子。可分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型，可以分为九大类。不同的状语从句使用不同的连接词,有时同一个连接词可连接不同的状语从句,表示不同的意义因此教师在引导学生备考复习的过程中应该做到：
　　1 熟悉这九大类别的状语从句的不同的连接词的意义和用法
　　2准确判断主从句的逻辑关系，同时还要注意区分词义相近的连词、介词和副词
　　3 解题的过程中要注意时态、语态、语气、语序的统一
　　4加强各个类别的状语从句的的分析和理解练习
　　【知识网络】 状语从句的用法
　　由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视，下面分别对九大类别的状语从句进行讲解：
　　（一）时间状语从句
　　表示时间的状语从句可由常用引导词：
　　when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
　　特殊引导词：
　　the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly … when,
　　scarcely … when
　　when i came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
　　he started as soon as he received the news.
　　once you see him, you will never forget him.
　　no sooner had i gone to bed than i went to sleep.
　　（二）原因状语从句
　　原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强
　　特殊引导词：
　　seeing that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that
　　in as much as, in so much as
　　he is disappointed because he didn＂t get the position.
　　as it is raining, i will not go out.
　　now that you mention it, i do remember.
　　（三）地点状语从句
　　常用引导词：where
　　特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
　　generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
　　wherever you go, you should work hard.
　　sit wherever you like.
　　make a mark where you have a question.
　　（四）目的状语从句
　　引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）so that, in order that
　　特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，
　　in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
　　speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
　　she has bought the book in order that she could follow the tv lessons.
　　he left early in case he should miss the train.
　　（五）结果状语从句
　　结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。 常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,
　　特殊引导词
　　such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
　　she was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
　　he was so excited that he could not say a word.
　　she is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
　　（六）条件状语从句
　　条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有常用引导词：if, unless
　　特殊引导词：
　　as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that,
　　on condition that，so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。
　　if he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
　　you may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
　　so far as i know, he will be away for three months.
　　you can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.
　　if he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
　　（七）让步状语从句
　　让步状语从句可由 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
　　特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
　　though he is a child, he knows a lot.
　　child as he is, he knows a lot.
　　whatever ( = no matter what ) you say, i’ll never change my mind.
　　（八）方式状语从句
　　方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。
　　you must do the exercise as i show you.
　　he acted as if nothing had happened.
　　（九）比较状语从句
　　比较状语从句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等引导。
　　i have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
　　he smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
　　the busier he is, the happier he feels.
　　（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
　　1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来
　　we’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
　　i’ll write to you as soon as i get to shanghai.
　　2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的＂主语 + be＂部分
　　when (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
　　if (you are) asked you may come in.
　　if (it is) necessary i’ll explain to you again.
　　3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句
　　you are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）
　　tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）
　　i don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句）
　　where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）
　　this place is where they once hid.（表语从句）