Module4SandstormsinAsiaGrammar学案

　　infinitive一、教学目标：1、掌握动词不定式在句中的基本用法以及动词不定式的时态和语态，2、掌握常用动词不定式作宾语或宾补的常见的动词或句型；二、自学导引：1、课前预习和归纳动词不定式的用法以及动词不定式的时态和语态时态（结合课本p107）2、课前完成本学案中学案上的练习并讨论合作探究部分，对其作一归纳。合作探究：小组讨论并归纳其考点1. ____ is believing. a. to see b. seeing c. see d. to be seen2. when i handed the report to john, he said that george was the person ____. a. to send b. for sending it c. to send it to d. for sending it to3. she didn’t remember_____ him before.a. having met b. have met c. to meet d. to having met4. there isn’t any difference between the two. i really don’t know _________. a. where to choose b. which to choose c. to choose what d. to choose which5. mrs smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking. a. never to drive b. to never drive c. never driving d. never drive6. though he had often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by his little sister.  a. cry；to cry b. crying；crying c. cry；cry d. to cry；cry 教师点拨：动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to do；其否定形式是not to do。完成式：to+ have done；进行式：to+ be doing。具体用法：　1、作主语　 to see is to believe.　但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：　　it＂s wrong to play tricks on other people.　　2、作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是＂及物动词+疑问句+带to 的不定式＂。 1）及物动词+带to的不定式结构： 只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：want, wish afford, agree, aim, appear, ask, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, , happen, hope, intend, manage, offer, pretend, promise, prepare, refuse, seek, t, undertake等。 he managed to solve the complicated problem the stranger offered to show me the way. mr. smith undertook to build a new plant in south africa. 2）动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式：常见的动词有：advise, decide, discuss, find out,, know, learn, regard, remember, see, teach, tell, understand,等。常用的疑问代（副）词有what, when, where, which, how, whether等，但不包括why。 he does not know when to start. i will show you how to deal with it. 有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词（如find, think, consider, feel等）+it+形容词+不定式，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 she considers it necessary to make friends with them.we find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o＂clock.3）love，like，begin，start，hate，prefer等词后面可以接不定式，上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。　　i like swimming，but i don＂t like to swim now.我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。　4）stop，forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。　　例句：when the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk.　　当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 3、作表语 一般情况为主语是不定式（表示条件），表词也是不定式（表示结果）： to work means to earn a living. 另一种情况为主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing,his aim is to study abroad in the near future.　4、作宾语补足语　　1）tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：　　i tell him not to go there by bus .edison＂s mother taught him to read and write.　　2）let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch，notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：　　the boss makes them work 16 hours a day.　　she was heard to sing in the next room.( 若变成被动语态，要加上to) 3）不定式作定语 he gave me an interesting book to read.如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词.　　have you got some pens to write with？5、不定式作状语作原因状语： they are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.作目的状语： she raised her voice to be heard better. 作结果状语： he got to the station only to be told the train had gone.典例评析：1.______that she was going off to sleep, i asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. （XX·北京高考）a. seeing b. to see c. see d. seen解析：a。2.______ the project as planned，we＂ll have to work two more hours a day. （XX·湖南高考）a. completing b. complete c. completed d. to complete3. he was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. （XX·辽宁高考）a. to stop b. stopping c. to have stopped  d. having stopped4. the message is very important, so it is supposed_____ as soon as possible. (XX·陕西高考)a. to be sent b. to send c. being sent d. sending巩固分层练习：(一）必做题1. go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one. a. to do b. doing c. with d. to be doing2. this problem is said _____ three times. a. to have been talked b. to have discussed c. having been discussed d. to have been talked about3. he reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left. a. tired； learned b. tiring； learning
　　c. to tire； to learn d. tired； to learn3. tell him _______ the window. a. to shut not b. not to shut c. to not shut d. not shut 4. the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. a. not to b. not to do c. not do it d. do not to5. we’re looking forward ____ the photo exhibition. a. to visit b. to visiting c. to having visited d. visiting6. the building ____ now will be a hospital. a. build b. to be built c. being built d. being building7. with the work ____, mr. lin went out for a swim. a. having b. done c. doing d. being done（二）选做题1.—did the book give the information you needed? （XX·北京高考 —yes. but_____ it, i had to read the entire book. a. to find  b. find c. to be finding d. finding2. i like getting up very early in summer. the morning air is so good______.（XX·全国卷i）a. to be breathed b. to breathe c. breathing d. being breathed3. he was disappointed to find his suggestion ____ . a. been turned down b. turned down c. to be turned down d. to turn down4. ____ that he ill, his work should be done by others. a. considered b. to consider c. considering d. consider答案：合作探究：1-5 bcaba 6-10a 典例评析： adba必做题addbab cb 选做题abbc