高考英语第一轮单元知识点复习Unitampnbsp2

　　unit 2
　　理解:要点诠释
　　单词
　　1.puzzle
　　讲: n.& v.难题；无法理解的事物；谜；使困惑；绞尽脑汁
　　构成短语:puzzle over对某事苦苦思索
　　puzzle out开动脑筋找到解决的办法
　　例:their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.
　　他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。
　　it’s quite a puzzle to us why he didn’t come.
　　他为何没有来对我们来说仍是一个谜。
　　his answer puzzled me.
　　他的回答把我弄糊涂了。
　　i am puzzled by his failure to reply/that he hasn’t replied to my answer.
　　他不给我回信使我百思不得其解。
　　she’s been puzzling over his strange letter for weeks.
　　她几个星期也琢磨不透那封奇怪的来信。
　　the teacher left the students to puzzle out the answer to the problem themselves.
　　老师让学生开动脑筋自行寻找问题的答案。
　　链接•提示
　　puzzled adj. ＂无法了解的；困惑的＂，puzzling adj.表示某事＂令人困惑的；莫名其妙的＂。
　　练:she listened with a_________ expression on her face.
　　a.puzzled b.being puzzled
　　c.puzzling d.puzzle
　　提示:句意为＂她脸上带着困惑的表情在听着＂，此处表明她的心理状态＂迷惑；不解＂，相当于the expression on her face suggested that she was puzzled.
　　答案:a
　　2.command
　　讲: vt.& n.命令；指挥；号令
　　结构:command sth.命令……
　　command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事
　　command that sb.(should)do sth.(用虚拟语气)
　　in command of统帅；控制
　　under the command of/under sb.’s command在……的指挥下
　　at one’s command随心所欲
　　例:the judge commanded silence.
　　法官命令大家肃静。
　　the policeman commanded him to stop.
　　警察命令他停下来。
　　i was commanded by my father to study harder.
　　父亲训令我要努力用功。
　　the teacher commanded that he(should)go out of the classroom.
　　=the teacher commanded him to go out of the classroom.
　　老师命令他离开教室。
　　give your commands in a loud,confident voice.
　　发命令声音要洪亮、坚定。
　　who’s in command here?
　　这里有谁指挥？
　　the army is under the command of general smith.
　　=general smith is in command of the army.
　　史密斯将军统帅这支部队(这支部队由史密斯将军统帅)。
　　链接•提示
　　(1) 跟宾语从句时，从句谓语用(should) do形式的动词有suggest(建议)，order, insist, request, require等。
　　(2) 相似短语in charge of负责……，in the charge of...由……负责。
　　练:he commanded that all copies of the book _________.
　　a.be destroyed b.should destroy
　　c.were destroyed d.was destroyed
　　提示:根据动词command的用法，宾语从句的谓语动词应该使用(should) do 结构，且此处应该表示被动。
　　答案:a
　　3.praise
　　讲: v.＆ n. 称赞；赞扬；赞美
　　短语:praise sb./sth.for...因为……赞扬……
　　praise sb./sth.as sth.赞扬……为……
　　in praise of为赞扬……
　　sing high praise for高度赞扬
　　例:the guests praised the meal.
　　客人们称赞这顿饭做得好。
　　he was obviously expecting to be praised.
　　他显然想要得到表扬。
　　he praised her for her courage.
　　他赞扬她很勇敢。
　　critics praised the work as highly original.
　　评论家们称赞该作品独树一帜。
　　the leader spoke in praise of those who had died for their country.
　　领导人表彰为国捐躯的人们。
　　he received praise from his colleagues for winning the prize.
　　他因获得该奖而受到同事的赞扬。
　　练:he was sung high praise_________ he had done.
　　a.for which b.for what c.for that d.for all what
　　提示:句意为＂他因他所干的事而备受称赞＂。依题干之意，表示＂赞扬，大力宣传＂可用固定搭配:sing high praise for，相当于及物动词，可用于被动语态。what he had done他所做的事情。
　　答案:b
　　短语
　　1.bring up
　　讲:该短语的意思为＂抚养；提出；呕吐；使出庭受审＂。
　　例:she has brought up five children.
　　她养育了五个孩子。
　　he was ill and brought up his dinner.
　　他病了，把饭都吐出来了。
　　he was brought up on a charge of drunk driving.
　　他被控酒后开车而出庭受审。
　　these are matters that you can bring up in the next meeting.
　　这些事你可以在下次会议上提出。
　　链接•拓展
　　bring out出版；bring down使价格降低；bring about引起，导致；bring in引进，赚取。
　　练:her parents died when she was a baby and she was_________ by her aunt.
　　a.brought up b.brought out
　　c.brought in 其所有 d.brought about
　　提示:根据句意判断，此处用bring up，表示＂父母双亡，由她姑姑养大＂。
　　答案:a
　　2.run out
　　讲：该短语为不及物动词，意思为＂用完；用光＂。
　　例:our fuel is running out.
　　我们的燃料快用光了。
　　our food soon ran out.
　　我们的食物很快就吃完了。
　　we’re running out of time.
　　我们快没有时间了。
　　链接•拓展
　　(1)比较:run out 和run out of的区别。run out of为及物动词短语，run out为不及物动词短语，在使用时要注意动词的语态。
　　(2) run构成的短语还有run into撞上；run across不期而遇。
　　his car ran into the tree.
　　他的汽车撞到了树上。
　　i ran across an old friend in the street.
　　我在街上和一位老朋友不期而遇。
　　练: _________his food_________ ,the man had to come out of his hiding place.
　　a.since;run out of b.because;run out
　　c.with;running out d.with;run out of
　　提示:a、b两个选项的时态不正确，应该使用先于had to发生的过去完成时。with+n.+doing表示＂随着……＂。
　　答案:c
　　句型
　　1.it is well known that...
　　讲:注意观察下面教材原句:
　　it is well known that africa had contacts with india and the red sea civilisations from the earliest times.
　　众所周知，非洲从早时开始，就已经同印度和红海文明有过接触。
　　it is well known that...表示＂众所周知＂，其中it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
　　例:it is well known that the earth is round.
　　as we know,the earth is round.
　　as is known(to us all),the earth is round.
　　众所周知，地球是圆的。
　　it is well-known that edison invented the electric lamp.
　　众所周知，是爱迪生发明的电灯。
　　链接•提示
　　注意比较该句型和＂as we know, +主句＂及＂as is known, +主句＂的区别，三个句型表示的意思是一样的，但是结构不同。it is known that...为主语从句形式，后面用that引导真正的主语；而as引导的是从句，后面使用逗号，然后跟主句。
　　练: _________it takes years of practice to gain the skills of an expert.
　　a.as is known that b.it is known to us that
　　c.as we know that d.it is known to us
　　提示:本题主要考查了表示＂众所周知＂的几个句型结构上的不同。
　　答案:b
　　2.v.ing形式作伴随状语
　　讲:请注意观察下面教材原句:
　　...zheng sent a message to the king and to other african states,inviting them to send ambassadors...
　　……郑和向这位国王和其他非洲国家发出了邀请，请他们派使者来……
　　该句子中的inviting them to send ambassadors可以理解为伴随状语，可以改为and连接的并列谓语结构:...states and invited them to send ambassadors。
　　例:he sat there in silence,looking sad and doing nothing.
　　他默默地坐在那里，看上去很难过，什么也没做。
　　the secretary worked late into the night,preparing a long speech for the president.
　　秘书工作到深夜，为总统准备一个长演讲稿。
　　链接•提示
　　注意使用v.-ing形式作伴随状语时，v.-ing的逻辑主语应该和句子的主语一致，即表示主谓关系；如果是逻辑动宾关系，则使用过去分词形式表示伴随的动作。如:in order not to be disturbed, i spent three days locked in my study. 在spend time doing sth.这一句型中，doing应该表示主动，而此处的动词lock按句子的意思应该为被动，所以使用过去分词。
　　练:mr.macfarland completed the course successfully, _________ all with his excellent performance.
　　a.surprised b.surprising c.to surprise d.having surprised
　　提示:v.-ing形式作伴随状语，其逻辑主语为mr macfarland。
　　答案:b
　　辨析
　　1.worth,worthwhile,worthy
　　worth adj. 值；值得
　　结构:(1)be worth+money=cost 值；
　　(2)be worth doing值得做某事(这种结构中的动词-ing形式，在逻辑上与前面的主语具有动宾关系，但该词不能用被动式)
　　(3)表示＂很值得……＂时用well修饰。
　　(4)可用引导词it作be worth的形式主语。
　　worthy adj.值得的
　　短语:be worthy of sth.值得
　　be worthy of being doing 值得做某事
　　be worthy to be done 值得做某事
　　worthwhile adj.值得花时间做某事，可以作定语。
　　结构:be worthwhile doing/to do值得做某事
　　即时练习:
　　(1)i only paid $1000 for the car but it is _________ a lot more.
　　(2)this book is _________ reading a second time.
　　(3)what he did is _________ praise.
　　(4)this book is _________ being read a second time.
　　(5)this book is _________ to be read a second time.
　　(6)this is a _________ experiment.
　　(7)it isn’t _________ going/to go there now.
　　答案:(1)worth (2)worth (3)worthy of (4)worthy of (5)worthy (6)worthwhile (7)worthwhile
　　2.apart from,besides,except,as well as
　　apart from=except for,as well as 除了……以外
　　besides 除了……以外还=as well as另外，besides后还可跟动词的-ing形式,还可以用作副词，表示＂另外，再说＂。
　　except 除了……以外=not including另外，except 还可以用于:except for(只是；除了)/except that/except when...
　　as well as ＂除……之外还……＂，表示肯定。
　　即时练习:
　　(1) _________ the cost,the hat doesn’t suit me.
　　(2)the work is good _________ a few slight faults.
　　(3)there are three others present at the meeting _________ mr.day.
　　(4)he did a part-time job _________ working in the office in the day time.
　　(5)he hadn’t time to prepare his lecture, _________ which,he was unwell.
　　(6)all of us passed _________ john.(john didn’t pass.)
　　(7)i don’t want to go there, _________,it’s going to rain.
　　(8)i go to school on foot every day _________ when it rains.
　　答案:(1)apart from (2)apart from/except for (3)besides/as well as (4)besides (5)besides (6)except (7)besides (8)except
　　【例1】 (XX浙江模拟) my mother always gets a bit _________ if we don’t arrive when we say we will.
　　a.anxious b.ashamed c.weak d.patient
　　提示:句意为＂我母亲总是感到着急，当我们说到而没有到的时候＂。anxious＂着急的＂；ashamed＂害羞的＂；patient＂耐心的＂，不符合句意。
　　答案:a
　　讲评:对于考查形容词辨析的题目，要从语境和搭配等方面去分析。此题主要靠理解句子的意思。
　　【例2】 (XX广东模拟) the policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _________placed under the minister’s car.
　　a.has been b .had been c.was being d.would be
　　提示:place这一动作发生在catch之前，所以用过去完成时;box与place之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。
　　答案:b
　　讲评:本题是通过主从句之间的时间关系来考查动词的时态和语态，因此要分析两个句子间的时间关系。
　　【例3】 (XX江西模拟) the way he did it was different ________ we were used to.
　　a.in which b.in that c.from what d.from which
　　提示:本题为词组be different from后跟what引导的宾语从句。
　　答案:c
　　讲评:在解答本题时，d项为定语从句，但在句中没有先行词。be used to后没有宾语，in that为连词，表示＂因为＂，故排除b项。