XX届高考英语顶尖学案：大纲版 unit 4 a garden of poems 诗的花园 核心词汇 1．they have no ____________ (打算)of getting married at present. 2．we must make up an excuse for our ____________ (缺席)． 3．there is an ____________ (气氛)of peace and calm in the country，quite different from that of a big city. 4．to my knowledge，there is no such _____________(习语)in english. 5．there was a prize for the best ____________(论文)on shakespeare in the city. 6．the doctor strongly ____________(建议)that he should take a holiday. 7．this text is long and difficult，so i can’t ____________(背诵) it. 8．he likes collecting stamps and has a ____________(收藏) of thousands of stamps. 9．用 translate 的适当形式填空： (1)the story was first written in english and later ________ into chinese. (2)do you do a lot of ____________ in your language classes? 10．he is such a warm hearted man that he contributes a great deal of money to the hope project.he has made great ____________ to the development of the hope project.(contribute) 1.intention 2.absence 3.atmosphere 4.idiom 5.essay 6.recommended 7.recite 8.collection 9.(1)translated (2)translation 10.contributions 高频短语 1．_____________ 把……结合成一整体；装配 2．_____________召唤；使人想起；调动(力量、人员等)； 提出(议案等)；(给……)打电话 3．________________突出；显眼；远远超过某人(物) 4．______________ 照亮；使放光彩；点上(烟等)吸起来 5．_______________ 出现；形成；产生 6．________________ 使某人来到；要求将某物取来或送到 7．________________ 为……作贡献(或捐款)； 有助于……； 向……投稿 8．________________ 通过；穿过 9．________________ 陷入；落入；可分成 10．________________ 从……开始 1.put... together 2.call up 3.stand out 4.light up 5.come into being 6.send for 7.contribute to 8.get through 9.fall into 10.start with 重点句式 1．____________，his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. 他的作品一出版就因为在每一行诗的结尾没有韵脚而闻名。 2．_____________________the english romantic poets. 英国浪漫主义诗人深受中国人的喜爱。 3．besides，____________ well a poem is translated，something of the spirit of the original work is lost.除此之外，无论一首诗翻译得多好，原作中的某些精华也会消失。 4．that question ____________________ if we change the word poetry to songs. 如果我们把＂诗＂这个字眼换成歌曲，那个问题就不难回答了。 1.once published 2.greatly loved in china are 3.no matter how 4.is not difficult to answer 知识详解 1.absence n． 不在；缺席；缺乏；没有 【教材原句】(p28)once published，his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. 他的作品一出版就因为在每一行诗的结尾没有韵脚而闻名。 思维拓展 ①(牛津p6)the decision was made in my absence/while i was not there.这个决定是我不在的时候作出的。 ②(牛津p6)we did not receive any news during his long absence.我们在他长期离开的时候没有得到一点消息。 ③john has been absent from school/work for three days now. 约翰到现在已经旷课/旷工3天了。 1．完成句子 (1)然而，在缺乏母语环境的情况下学习作为外语的英语相当困难。 however，learning english as a foreign language is very difficult _____________ a native language environment. 答案：in the absence of 即境活用 (2)the reason why he ____________ (缺席) his best friend’s birthday party was that he had to look after his sick mother. 答案：was absent from 2.intention n． 意图，目的，打算 【教材原句】(p25)practise expressing intention 练习表达意图 ①(牛津p1063)he left england with the intention of travelling in africa.他离开英格兰，打算去非洲旅行。 ②i have no intention of helping him after what he said to me. 听了他对我说的话，我再也不想帮他了。 思维拓展 ③as far as i know，the book is intended for children. 据我所知，这本书是为儿童写的。 即境活用 2．完成句子 (1)她去巴黎是想学习法语。 she went to paris ___________________ learning french. 答案：with the intention of (2)这本词典是给中学生用的。 this dictionary ____________ middle school students. 答案：is intended for 3.recommend vt. 推荐；推举；劝告；忠告 【教材原句】(p32)ask your teacher to recommend poems to you.让你的老师推荐给你一些诗歌。 (1)推荐，推举 ①therefore i recommend myself to you without hesitation. 因此，我毫不犹豫地向你推荐我自己。 ②(牛津p1658)i recommend the book to all my students. 我向我所有的学生推荐这本书。 (2)建议 ③(XX年高考浙江卷)the doctor recommended that you shouldn’t swim after eating a large meal. 医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。 ④(牛津p1658)it is strongly recommended that the machines should be checked every year. 建议每年一定把机器检修一遍。 ⑤(牛津p1659)he recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。 3．(XX年高考福建卷)teachers recommend parents ______their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. a．not allow b．do not allow c．mustn’t allow d．couldn’t allow 即境活用 解析：选a。句意：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。本题考查虚拟语气用法。recommend，suggest，insist，order，request，advise 等表＂建议、命令、要求＂等意思的动词，后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用＂should 动词原 形＂，should 可以省略。 4.contribute vt.& vi. 捐助；捐献；贡献；投稿 【教材原句】(p32)collect your favourite poems in a notebook and ask your friends to contribute to it. 把你喜爱的诗歌收集在笔记本里并让你的朋友来投稿。 (1)vt.捐款，捐助 ①he contributed a lot of money to the hope project. 他捐很多钱给希望工程。 (2)vt.&vi.投稿 ②he contributes regularly to that magazine. 他定期给那家杂志投稿。 (3)vt.提供(时间，精力等)；提出 ③the volunteers contribute huge amounts of their own time to the project.志愿者把自己大量的时间花在了这个计划上。 (4)vi.对……有贡献，有助于…… ④a proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 适度的运动有益健康。 思维拓展 ⑤the invention made a major contribution to road safety. 这项发明对道路安全做出了卓越贡献。 【温馨提示】 contribute 和 contribution 后面的 to 都是介词。 【高效记忆】 ⑥many people contributed money to the hope project，which contributed to many children returning to school.a writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper. 好多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到报社。 4．take care during the holidays！drinking too much can____________heart disease and cause high blood pressure. a．contribute to b．relate to c．attend to d．devote to 即境活用 解析：选a。考查动词短语辨析。contribute to导致；引起；relate to与……有关；attend to注意听；专心；招待；devote...to致力于。句意：假期要注意！饮酒太多会引起心脏病和导致高血压。故a项正确。 5.call up 【教材原句】(p27)poetry also calls up all the colours，feelings，experiences and curious images of a dream world. 诗歌还能唤起梦幻世界的一切色彩、感情、经历和各种奇特的意象。 (1)使人想起，使回忆起 ①that picture calls up memories of a holiday i had as a child. 那张照片使我回忆起儿时假期的情景。 (2)打电话 ②i tried to call you up last night，but no one answered the phone.我昨晚曾打电话给你，但没人接。 (3)召集，征召……入伍 ③when the war broke out, they were at once called up. 战争一爆发，他们立即就被征召入伍了。 思维拓展 ④(朗文p271)the game was called off due to heavy rain. 比赛因下大雨被取消。 ⑤he is not fit for the job because it calls for patience. 他不适合这项工作，因为这项工作需要耐心。 【高效记忆】 5．as i grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain，the visit to the village________scenes of my childhood. a．called up b．called for c．called on d．called in 解析：选a。此题考查call的相关词组的区别。句意：因为我在一个山脚的小山村长大，对这个小村子的访问使我想起了我童年的情形。call up表示＂使人想起＂。 即境活用 6.your letter________the days________we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago. a．calls up；which b．calls in；when c．calls up；when d．calls in; that 解析：选c。句意为：＂你的来信使我回忆起XX年前我们一起在农场工作的日子＂。 6.stand out 显眼，突出，杰出 【教材原句】(p27)poems by du fu，li bai and wang wei among others stand out in the halls of glory. 杜甫、李白、王维以及其他诗人的诗词兀立在荣光宝殿之上。 ①(朗文pXX)we want the picture on the cover of the newspaper to stand out. 我们想要报纸封面的照片醒目突出。 ②(牛津p1962)she is the sort of person who stands out in a crowd.她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。 思维拓展 ③(朗文pXX)they will not stand by and let you take away their homes. 他们不会袖手旁观，听任你们夺走他们的家园。 7．though many actresses applied for the role in the film，only lucy________and realized her dream. a．gave out b．went out c．stood out d．came out 解析：选c。考查动词短语辨析。结合上下文的意思，应该选stand out(突出，显眼，出色)。give out分发，用尽；go out出去，倒塌；come out出现，真相大白。 即境活用 8.our country will________in the world for its great achievements in economy，sports，space，technology and so on. a．stand up b．stand out c．rise up d．rise out 解析：选b。stand out表示＂突出＂；stand up 意为＂起立，经得起＂；rise up意为＂起义，反抗＂。 句型梳理 1.【教材原句】 (p28)once published，his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. 他的作品一出版就因为在每一行诗的结尾没有韵脚而闻名。 【句法分析】 此处once published 为状语从句，是once it was published 的省略形式。 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，或当从句的主语是it (谓语含有be)时，常可以省去从句的主语和谓语的一部分。 状语从句主要有以下六种省略形式： (1)从属连词 形容词 ①i’ll buy a computer if (it is) necessary. 若有必要，我就买一台电脑。 (2)从属连词 名词 ②while (he was) yet a youth，he gained many prizes. 他年轻时就获得过许多奖。 (3)从属连词 介词短语 ③he looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something.他到处打量好像在寻找什么东西。 (4)从属连词 现在分词 ④while (i was) walking along the street，i heard my name called.当我正在沿着大街走路时，听见有人叫我的名字。 (5)从属连词 过去分词 ⑤unless (it is) repaired，the machine is of no use. 这台机器若不修便没用了。 (6)连词(as if，as though) 不定式 ⑥he opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. 他张了张嘴好像要说话。 9．(XX年高考浙江卷)the experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if____________regularly，can improve our health. a．being carried out b．carrying out c．carried out d．to carry out 即境活用 解析：选c。句意：试验表明，如果有规律地进行适量的锻炼，就能够提高身体健康状况。首先，if carried out if it is carried out ，依句意可知it proper amounts of exercise，与 carry out 构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动含义。而 being carried out 意为：正在被开展；carrying out 与 to carry out 表主动含义，所以c项正确。 2.【教材原句】 (p28)greatly loved in china are the english romantic poets. 在中国深受喜爱的是英国的浪漫主义诗人。 【句法分析】 为表示强调和保持句子平衡，此句采用了倒装句式，将表语置于句首，其结构为＂表语 连系动词 主语＂。 (1)形容词 连系动词 主语 ①present at the meeting were professor white，professor smith and many other guests. 到会的有怀特教授、史密斯教授以及许多其他客人。 (2)过去分词 连系动词 主语 ②gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the chinese people. 他们能够对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。 (3)介词短语 be 主语 ③among the goods are christmas trees，flowers，candles，turkeys and toys. 货品中有圣诞树、花卉、蜡烛、火鸡和玩具。 10.(XX年高考陕西卷)john opened the door.there____________he had never seen before. a．a girl did stand b．a girl stood c．did a girl stand d．stood a girl 解析：选d。句意：约翰打开门，那里站着一个他从未见过的姑娘。本题考查倒装句型。当 there，here，away，down 等副词置于句首且主语为名词时，要用完全倒装形式。所以d选项正确。 即境活用 11.(XX年高考江西卷)not until he left his home______to know how important the family was for him. a．did he begin b．had he begun c．he began d．he had begun 解析：选a。句意：直到离开家他才开始了解家对他来说多么重要。本题考查倒装句。 not until 置于句首，主句要部分倒装，排除c、d两项；又根据句意得知 begin 需用过去时，但发生在 leave 之后，故排除b项。 3.【教材原句】 (p31)given more time，we would be able to do the work much better. 如果给更多的时间，我们工作会做得更好。 【句法分析】 given more time if we were given more time，句子的主语we和give之间是被动关系。此处为过去分词作状语。 ①given enough care，the tree would not die. 如果给予足够的照顾，小树就不会死亡。 ②given more time，i’ll catch up with you. 如果有更多的时间，我会赶上你们的。 ③driven by a greater demand for vegetables，farmers have built more green houses.由于受到更大的蔬菜量需求的推动，农民修建了更多的温室。 12．(XX年高考陕西卷)__________from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. a．seen b．seeing c．having seen d．to see 即境活用 解析：选a。句意：从塔顶往下看，南边的山脚下是一片树的海洋。本题考查分词作状语。分词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。主语 the south foot of the mountain 与 see 在逻辑上为被动关系，四个选项中只有a项表被动。 13．(XX年高考四川卷)________many times，he finally understood it. a．told b．telling c．having told d．having been told 解析：选d。考查非谓语动词。句意：他被告知了好多次，最后他终于懂了。句子主语是he，he与动词tell 之间存在被动关系，而且动作有先后顺序。