人教新课标2021年高考一轮复习黄金学案Unitampnbsp3ampnbspampnbspAampnbsptasteampnbspofampnbspEnglishampnbsphumour（必修四）

　　【人教新课标】XX年高考一轮复习黄金学案――unit 3 a taste of english humour（必修四）
　　一、语言要点i单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
　　词汇
　　部分
　　词语
　　辨析1. especially / specially / particularly 2. common / usual / ordinary3. convince / persuade词形变化1. humour n. 幽默，诙谐humorous adj. 幽默的，诙谐的2. fortune n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏3. bore vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事)bored adj.感到无趣的或单调的 boring adj.令人厌烦的，乏味的4. mouth n. 嘴，口mouthful n.一口；少量5. direct adj.直接的；坦率的 adv.直接地 vt.对准；指导direction n.方向[pl.]说明书；指引；指导director n.指导者，主管；董事；导演6. explain v. 讲解，解释explanation n.解释，说明，阐述重点单词 1. content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.[u]满足；内容；目录；adj.感到满足的 2. astonish vt. 使吃惊 3. entertain vt. 使欢乐；款待4. convince vt. 使信服；使确信5. direct vt.&vi.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地6. whisper v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈重点词组1. badly off 过得很差；穷的；缺少的[做表语或定语]2. pick out 挑出；辨别出3. cut off 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等) 4. star in 在……主演；担任主角
　　重点句子1. not that charlie’ s own life was easy!2. you may find it astonishing that charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
　　重点语法v-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）ii 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. specially / especially / particularly【解释】 specially = on purpose故意地；专门地 (不是为了别的，而只是为了某一目的而专门采用的某种方式。如：i came here specially to see you. 我特地到这儿来看你。especially = particularly = in particular = in especial特别地；尤其是；特别是，通常用来对前面所叙述的事情作进一步说明或补充，是有意突出到显眼或例外的程度，强调＂超过其他，与众不同＂，在介词或连词前用得较多。如：i like harbin, especially in summer. 我喜爱哈尔滨，尤其是哈尔滨的夏天。【练习】用specially，especially，particularly填空。1). i like my hometown, _______ in spring. 2). these shoes were _______ made for you. 3). a committee has been _______ appointed to look into the matter.4). we did very well in this exam, _______ our monitor. key: 1). especially/particularly 　　2). specially 　　3). specially　　 4). especially2. common / usual / ordinary【解释】common意为＂普通的，平常的＂，指常见的，常发生的，不足为奇的。usual意为＂通常的，习惯性的＂，可用于一切频繁发生的事情。ordinary意为＂通常的，普通的，日常的，随时都可以碰到的＂，与common意思接近。【练习】用common，usual，ordinary填空。1). he arrived later than _______. 2). rabbits and foxes are _______ in britain. 3). tom sawyer was a/an _______ american boy who kept getting into trouble.4). our _______ workday is eight hours. 5). he’ s not an officer, but a/an ________ soldier.key: 1). usual 　　2). common 　　3). ordinary　 4). ordinary 5). common/ ordinary3. convince / persuade【解释】convince ＂说服＂，着重理智方面的＂辩论，证明＂。persuade ＂说服＂，着重情感上的＂劝告＂或＂说服某人做/不做某事＂。【练习】用convince，persuade填空。1). he _______ me that i should study law. 2). he _______ me not to stay. 3). the officials were eager to _______ us of the safety of the nuclear reactors. 4). i _______ (convince) i saw you there, but it must have been someone else. 5). how can we persuade him into _______ (join) us?key: 1). convinced　2). convinced/persuaded　3). convince 4). was convinced 5). joiningiii 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. humour n. 幽默，诙谐humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的2. fortune n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏3. bore vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事)bored adj.感到无趣的或单调的 boring adj.令人厌烦的，乏味的4. mouth n. 嘴，口mouthful n.一口；少量5. direct adj.直接的；坦率的adv.直接地vt.对准；指导direction n.方向[pl.]说明书；指引；指导director n.指导者，主管；董事；导演6. explain v. 讲解，解释explanation n.解释，说明，阐述【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). ________ (fortune), the drowning child was saved.2). he gave a ________ (humor) account of their trip to spain first. 3). tom went off in one ________ (direct) and harry in another.4). he now felt ready to take on the role of ________ (direct).5). the earthquake left thousands of people ________ (home). 6). i’ m stuffed. i couldn’ t eat another ________ (mouth). 7). not only are mothers not paid but also most of their ________ (bore) or difficult work is unnoticed. 8). there is no convincing ________ (explain) of the overall structure of the universe.keys: 1). fortunately 2). humorous  3). direction 4). director5). homeless  6). mouthful 7). boring 8). explanation iv 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.[u]满足；书的内容目录；容器里的东西 adj.感到满足的[典例]1). as there’ s no cream, we’ ll have to content ourselves with black coffee. 既然没有奶油, 我们只好喝清咖啡算了。2). he is content to remain where he is now. 他安於现状。[重点用法]content oneself with sth. 满足或满意於某事物  be/feel content with 对……感到满足  be content to do sth. 愿意做某事  to one’ s heart’ s content 尽情地；心满意足地[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). simple praise is enough to ______ him.2). i like the style of the book but i don’t like the ______.3). she _______ _______ _______ (感到非常满足) stay at home looking after her children. keys: 1). content  2). content 3). is/was content to 2. astonish vt. 使惊诧；使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 [典例] 1). the news astonished everybody. 这个消息令大家惊讶。2). i was astonished at/to hear the loud sound. 我被那些巨大的声响吓了一跳。[重点用法]be astonished at/by sth. 因/被……感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶it astonishes sb. that 令某人惊讶的是 be astonished that 对感到惊讶[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). it astonished me ______ no one has thought of this before.2). we were _______ (astonish) that he appeared at the party.3). i find _______ quite _______ (astonish) that none of you like the play. keys: 1). that  2). astonished 3). it; astonishing 3. entertain vt.使欢乐；款待 entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的 entertainment n. 娱乐；款待[典例]1). bob and liz entertained us to dinner last night. 昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们。2). could you entertain the children for an hour, while i make supper? 我做晚饭时, 你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗?[重点用法]entertain sb. with sth./by doing sth. 用某物/通过做某事使某人欢乐[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). he entertained us for hours ________ (介词) his stories and jokes. 2). he fell in the water, much to the _________ (entertain) of the children.3). we hired a magician to keep the children _________ (entertain).keys: 1). with 2). entertainment 3). entertained  4. convince vt. 使信服；使确信 convincing adj. 令人信服的[典例]1). we convinced him to go by train rather than plane. 我们说服了他坐火车去，不要搭飞机去。2). how can i convince you (of her honesty)? 我怎样才能使你相信（她很诚实）呢?[重点用法]convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb. that 使某人相信 be convinced of / that坚信……；确信……[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). what she said _______ (convince) me that i was mistaken. 2). i soon convinced him ______ (介词) my innocence.3). what convinced you _______ (vote) for them? 4). i’m ________ (convince) that he is guilty.5). that was the most _______ (convince) i had ever heard.keys: 1). convinced 2). of 3). to vote 4). convinced 5). convincing5. direct vt.&vi.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地[典例]1). can you direct me (to the station)? 你告诉我（到车站）怎麽走好吗?2). she has a direct way of speaking. 她说话直爽。[重点用法] direct 短语：direct...at/towards sb./sth. 把……指向某人/事  direct sb. to a place 指引某人到某处 direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事 direct (that) sb./sth. (should) do/be done 指示/命令某人/事做/被做……[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). he was directed _______ (介词) a table beside the window. 2). the judge directed that the mother _______ (give) custody of the children. 3). there was a police officer _______ (direct) the traffic. keys: 1). to 2). be given 3). directing6. whisper v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈 [典例]1). ＂i feel very afraid,＂ she whispered. ＂我觉得很害怕，＂她低声说。2). he spoke in a whisper. 他低声说话。[重点用法] whisper 短语：whisper sth. 小声说某事   whisper to sb. 小声对某人说whisper sth. to sb. 小声对某人说某事   whisper to sb. that… 小声对某人说……whisper that… 小声说……    it is whispered that… 据说…… [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). he whispered a word _______ (介词) my ear. 2). he whispered _______ (介词) her so that no one else would hear.3). it _______ (whisper) that the firm is likely to go bankrupt. keys: 1). in  2). to 3). is whisperedv 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. badly off 过得很差；穷的；缺少的 [做表语或定语] [典例]1). they are too badly off to have a holiday. 他们贫困得根本谈不上度假。2). we shouldn’t complain about being poor --- many families are much worse off. 我们不应该因为穷而叫苦连天 —— 许多人的家境更糟。[重点用法]反义词：well off 过得很富；富的；富有的[做表语或定语][练习] 根据句子的意思翻译。 1). in the old days people ______ ______ ______ (过得很差). 2). though he is always wearing old clothes, he is ______ ______ ______ ______ (并不如你想的那么穷) as you think. 3). in fact most people are _______ _______ _______ (要富裕) they were five yeas ago.keys: 1). were badly off / were very poor  2). not as/so badly off 3). better off than 2. pick out 挑出；辨别出 [典例]1). he picked out the ripest peach. 他把熟得最透的桃挑了出来。2). the window frames are picked out in blue against the white walls. 蓝色的窗框衬在白墙上十分显眼。 [重点用法] pick out sb./sth. from...... 从……中挑出/辨别出某人/物pick up 捡起；让某人搭车；继续；摔倒后站起来；便宜地买到；接收(节目)；无意中学会[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的短语。1). she _______ _______ _______ from thousands of applicants for the job. 2). we’ ll _______ _______ where we finished yesterday. 3). she soon _______ _______ french when she went to live in france. 4). _______ _______ those books that you’d like to read.keys: 1). was picked out  2). pick up 3). picked up 4). pick out 3. cut off 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等)[典例]1). our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。2). if you don’ t pay your gas bill soon you may be cut off. 你若不立即付清煤气费，就要停止向你供气。[重点用法] cut短语：cut down 砍倒；削减 cut in 插嘴 cut up 切碎  cut sth in half/two把某物切割成两半 cut sth into halves/thirds/quarters/把某物切割成两半/三瓣/四瓣[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的cut短语或介词。1). the village was ________ ________ from the outside world by the heavy snow for days. 2). she always ________ ________ when other people are talking.3). i won’ t have a cigarette, thanks --- i’ m trying to ________ ________ on them.4). he was asking 400 for the car, but we cut him down ________ (介词) 350. 5). she ________ ________ the vegetables and then put them into the hot pot.keys: 1). cut off 2). cuts in 3). cut down 4). to 5). cut up 4. star in 在……主演；担任主角[典例]she is to star in a new film. 她将主演一部新影片。[重点用法] star短语：star sb (in sth.) 使某人担任主角；由某人主演[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的短语或介词。1). ben kingsley ________ ________ the film ＂gandhi＂. 2). the director wanted to star michael caine ________ (介词) his new film. keys: 1). starred in 2). in vi 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. not that charlie’ s own life was easy! 倒不是说查理自己的生活是轻松的。 [解释] not that＂并非，倒不是说＂，用于句首或短语之前，表否定含义。如：who were you with last night? not that i care, of course. 你昨晚和谁在一起？当然我不计较。[练习] 根据句子的意思翻译。 1). kate had lost some weight --- ______ ______ ______ ______(我倒不关心). 2). ______ ______ ______ ______ (我并不是说这个很要紧), but how did you spend the money i gave you?keys: 1). not that i care 2). not that it matters 2. you may find it astonishing that charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 你会觉得震惊，卓别林会讲话的时候就被教唱歌，会走路的时候就学跳舞。[解释] 此句中it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的主语；astonishing是动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。如：it is hardly surprising that rumours continue to circulate.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语结构中，宾语与补足语有主动关系，表示＂动作正在发生＂，v-ing 可用在感官动词(see, notice, watch, look at, find, hear, listen to, feel, catch)和表示＂致使＂意义的动词(get, have, keep, leave)后作宾语补足语。 如：can you smell anything burning in the kitchen?[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). it’ s not _______ (surprise) that you’ re putting on weight, considering how much you’ re eating. 2). i’ m sorry to have kept you _______ (wait) for so long. 3). she caught them _______ (steal) her apples. keys: 1). surprising 2). waiting 3). stealing 二、课文要点1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：charlie chaplin, born in a poor family, showed an 1 (astonish) talent as a performer as soon as he could walk. 2 (不幸地), his father died young, leaving his family even 3 (badly). in his teens, he could act the fool doing __4___(日常的)task, whom no one was 5 (bore) watching. later on, chaplin directed, produced and __6__(主演)in a series of funny movies, which made people laugh at a time when they felt 7 (depress), so they could feel more content with their lives. the little tramp, who was a 8 (home) man with a moustache, large trousers, 9___ (穿破的) shoes and a small round black hat, was one of the 10 (much) outstanding parts he had ever played.答案: 1.astonishing 2.unfortunately 3.worse 4.ordinary 5.bored 6.starred 7.depressed 8.homeless 9.worn out 10.most2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。该文主要是关于卓别林的对电影作出的贡献。他导演，制作，主演许多电影。角色，小流浪汉，让他闻名世界，使他获得奥斯卡奖和被认为是无声电影之父。 the text is mainly about ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________答案：the text is mainly about the contributions charlie chaplin make in the films. he directed, produced many films , in which he starred. and the character, the little tramp, made him famous throughout the world, for which he received an oscar and was considered the father of nonverbal movies.  3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1.【原句】as victor hugo once said, ＂laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face＂, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than charlie chaplin. 正如维克多雨果曾说过： ＂笑是阳光，能驱赶人脸上的寒意＂ ，直到现在为止没有人能比查理卓别林更好地做到这一点。[模仿要点] 句子结构：as 引导非限制性定语从句，否定意义的词与比较级连用【模仿1】正如从文章可以得出结论，保护自己是确保我们的未来，而到现在为止没有人能比刘翔更好地理解这点。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：as can be concluded from the passage, protecting ourselves is ensuring our future and up to now nobody has been able to get a better understanding of it than liu xiang.【模仿2】众所周知，失败是成功之母，而到现在为止没有人能李明更好地理解这点。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：as is well known to us all, ‘failure is the mother of success’, and up to now nobody has been more able to understand it than li ming.2．【原句】you may find it astonishing that charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 您可能会发现，令人惊讶的是查理在他会说话时就教他唱歌和可以步行时就教他舞蹈。[模仿要点] 句子结构：find it (形式宾语) + adj. + that引导的宾语从句【模仿1】您可能会发现，令人兴奋的是你只要上网就可以与在另外城市的朋友取得联系。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：you may find it exciting that you can get in touch with your friends in another cities as soon as you get on line.【模仿2】您会发现，有价值的是只要你把你的心思投放进去，你英语考试可以得很高分。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：you may find it worthwhile that you can get high marks in english exams as soon as you put your heart into it. 3. 【原句】they are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. 他们是如此饥饿，以至尝试煮一双皮鞋作晚餐。[模仿要点] 句子结构： so… that…句型【模仿1】他是如此集中看书，以至忘了吃饭。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：he was so concentrated on his book that he even forgot his dinner.【模仿2】他是如此独立，以至他宁愿通过他自己的劳动养活自己。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：he was so independent that he would like to support himself by his own labour.4. 【原句】he is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence. 他作为一位伟大的演员以极大的信心激励人们，受到尊敬与爱戴。[模仿要点] 句子结构：be + loved/respected as …+ who 引导的定语从句【模仿1】刘翔，作为运动员能以巨大的勇气面临失败，受到尊敬与爱戴。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：liu xiang is loved and respected as an athlete who could face failure with great courage.【模仿2】怀特先生，作为外国教师在没有任何报酬的情况下愿意帮助贫困学生，受到尊敬和爱戴。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：mr. white is loved and respected as a foreigner teacher who is willing to help the poor students without any pay. 三、单元自测 1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：158完成时间：13分钟难度：*** in recent years scientists＂ investigation of comets has increased because of a growing interest in the origin of the sun and planets. scientists want to learn how comets are 21 . they think that such information will help 22 the origin of the solar system. the word ＂comet＂ comes from greek and means ＂hairy object＂. in history comets have a special 23 . people believed that they brought 24 of death, destruction or military victories. the tails of comets provide 25 with spectacular sights at night. comet tails are millions of kilometers long. the tails 26 reach lengths of 250 million kilometers and 27 . the most famous comet of history is called halley＂s comet, which appears every 76 years. it was named for edward halley, a british astronomer. he 28 the appearance of the comet in 1758, 16 years after his death. halley＂s comet is 29 bright and has two tails. in the 20th century it 30 in 1910 and 1986.21. a. constructed  b. formed c. created  d. composed22. a. explain  b. solve c. answer  d. demonstrate23. a. site  b. place c. spot  d. mark24. a. tales  b. performances  c. news d. stories25. a. viewers  b. observers  c. astronauts d. pilots26. a. finally  b. frequently  c. easily  d. eventually27. a. more  b. much c. farther d. extra28. a. guessed  b. predicted  c. felt  d. promised29. a. equally  b. entirely  c. extremely  d. unnaturally30. a. returned  b. recycled c. recreated d. recrossed答案： 21．b．彗星是如何形成的。 22．a. 有助于解释太阳系的起源。 23．b．彗星在历史上有很特殊的地位。 24．c. 带来信息。 25．a. 在夜间给观星者提供壮观的景色。 26．b．彗星的尾巴往往达到…… 27. a. 甚至更长。 28．b．预测到了1758年彗星的出现。 29．c. 哈雷彗星有两个尾巴，极其明亮。 30．a．2. 语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。字数：175完成时间：9分钟难度：**in order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 31 spoken. secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitation. 32 , we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. we must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. there is no easy way to success 33 language learning. 34 good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. it is not much use learning by heart long lists of words and 36 meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. we must learn by using the language. 37 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. ＂learn through use＂ is a good piece of 38 (advise) for those 39 are studying a new language. practice is important. we must practise speaking and 40 (write) the language whenever we can.[答案]本文主要讲述了学习英语的一些好的方法。31. it 指代前面的foreign language。32. thirdly 根据上下文得知这是第三点。33. in 在语言学习方面没有容易取得成功的办法。34. a 好的记忆力有助于学习，memory为可数名词。35. to memorize 不定式作真正主语。36. their 指代前面的words。37. if 前后是条件关系。38. advice 一条建议，此处应用名词。39. who 引导定语从句，先行词是those。40. writing 练习做某事应用practise doing sth。3. 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：349完成时间：6分钟难度：** an earthquake is literally an earth-shattering experience! there you are enjoying an afternoon nap, having a cup of coffee in the morning, or even sleeping on a cold winter night when -- wham! -- the entire crockery (陶器) shelf collapses, and all the plates and cups break into pieces. a painting on the wall nearly knocks you down as it falls. what should one do in an earthquake? the prime-time ( 黄金时间的)news gives no warning, nor is there a time of year, like the monsoon ( 季风) season, when an earthquake always occurs. unlike a tornado or hurricane, there is no known way of predicting an earthquake. though about 500, 000 earthquakes occur each year, only 100 of them cause damage! however, an earthquake can strike any time of the day or night, so it needs to be prepared for when you have the misfortune of being caught in the middle of one. if you＂re indoors, stay indoors, unless you＂re on the ground floor, where you can easily run outside. the best thing to do if you’re indoors is to hide under a strong piece of furniture like a bed or desk. do not head for the stairway if you＂re living on an upper storey, because stairways can collapse. if you＂re driving, get out of traffic and stop on a wide and open road. do not stop on a bridge, or in another case, under one. stay inside your car until the shaking stops. before you restart driving, look out for fissures (裂缝), breaks in the road, and bumps or cracks. inside your home, be careful not to mm on the gas until you＂ re sure the cylinder (煤气罐) is safe, and there is no leak. avoid using your telephone unless there’s an emergency. you could be occupying lines that are needed by other people. lastly, if you’re not trapped or seriously hurt, do not expect fire fighters, army or police to help you. they may be busy rescuing people in greater need than you!41. what does the passage mainly tell us about? a. how to predict earthquakes. b. what to do during an earthquake. c. the damage an earthquake can cause. d. the factors that cause an earthquake.42. from the second paragraph we learn that __ a. monsoons usually come at certain times of the year b. there are no known ways to predict hurricanes c. there are warning signs before earthquakes strike d. a tornado can come at any time, and is hard to predict43. what should you do if you are on the first floor of a building?a. stay inside. b. head for a stairway. c. hide under a strong piece of furniture. d. run outside immediately.44. what does the underlined word ＂collapses＂ mean in the first paragraph? a. breaks out.  b. falls down.  c. cuts down. d. drops out.45. what should you do if you＂re driving on a bridge during an earthquake? a. stop where you are and get out of the car. b. leave the car and nm away. c. keep on driving until you’re off it.d. stop under the bridge and stay inside your car.答案：和其他自然灾害不同的是，地震的发生会很突然，没有任何征兆，现在还没有什么办法能够预测地震，所以我们很有必要掌握一些地震发生时自救的知识。41. b。 主旨大意题。根据下文讲发生地震时＂人们在室内、在户外、开车时应该做什么＂看，文章讲的是发生地震时＂应该做什么＂。42. a。 细节判断题。根据文章的第二段中的＂…nor is there a time of year, like the monsoon season…＂可看出季风在一年中固定的时间发生。43. d。 细节判断题。根据第四段中的＂if you’re indoors, stay indoors, unless you’re on the ground floor, where you can easily run outside.＂可判断在一楼时最好跑到户外。44. b。 猜测词义题。根据画线部分后面的＂…all the plates and cups break into pieces.＂可判断此处指放陶器的架子倒了。break out＂（战争、灾害等）爆发＂；fall down＂突然倒下＂；cut down＂减少，消减＂；drop out＂退出，退学＂。45. c。 推理判断题。根据第五段中的＂if you’re driving, get out of traffic and stop on a wide and open road. do not stop on a bridge, or in another case, under one. stay inside your car until the shaking stops.＂可判断只有c正确。4. 基础写作  假设你是一位心理辅导老师，你的一位学生因为考试成绩不好而向你求助。针对他的情况，请你以marks do not mean everything为题，写一篇短文开导他。 要点： 1．成绩好坏并不意味着一个学生的优劣； 2．成绩是可以通过自身的努力提高的； 3．要学会调整心态，争取进步； 4．只要自己付出了，就没有什么可后悔的。 (写作要求) 1．必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给的内容。 2．将5个句子组织成连贯的一篇短文，使用必要的连接词。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[答案] marks do not mean everything  it is usual that many students＂ parents and teachers consider marks as everything, but in fact, marks only show whether one gains more or less achievement in a certain period. it does not mean students who get high marks are top or excellent ones. what＂s more, marks can be truly improved if you work hard at your lessons. however bad you feel at present, you＂ll find happiness in the future, so you should adjust your mind to reality and make up your mind to make progress. as a matter of fact, if you put your heart into your study, whatever the result is, there is nothing left for you to regret.