XX届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修二module 4 知识详解 ① observe vt .& vi. 观察,注意到;遵守(法律、习俗等); 庆祝(节日等);评论,评述 (回归课本p33)qi baishi observed the world of nature very carefully,and his paintings are special because of this. 齐白石对自然界观察得很仔细,他的画因此而别具特色。 【归纳总结】 ①he observed that the key was missing the moment he got home. 他一到家就发现钥匙不见了。 ②ben knew that someone had observed him meeting ryan. 本知道有人看到他和瑞安见面了。 ③does everyone observe the speed limit in your country? 在你们国家是否人人都遵守限制车速的规定? ④she observed that the journey was long and tiring. 她说这次旅行又长又累。 【例句探源】 1.though having lived abroad for years,many chinese still ________ the traditional customs. a.perform b.possess c.observe d.support 解析:选c。observe在此句中意为"遵守"。perform履行,执行,表演;possess占有,拥有,摆布,支配;support支持,支援。 2.完成句子 every one is expected to______________________. 人人应该遵守交通规则。 答案:observe the traffic rules 【即境活用】 ② adopt vt. 采纳,采用;收养 (回归课本p32)a style of painting adopted by a group of artists 一种被一群艺术家所采用的绘画风格 【归纳总结】 ①having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan.因为他们没有亲生儿女,所以决定领养一个孤儿。 ②many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. 许多建议很快就被采纳了。 ③the chinese government has adopted several noise control plans...中国政府已正式通过几条噪音控制方案…… 【例句探源】 【易混辨析】 adopt,adapt (1)adopt表示"采纳(意见/计划/方法);采用;收养"等。 (2)adapt表示"适应"时常用adapt oneself to,表示"修改(为……之用)"时常用adapt n. for use。 ①the children are finding it hard to adapt to their new school. ②we’d like to adopt your idea. 3.(高考浙江卷)the good thing about children is that they________very easily to new environments. a.adapt b.appeal c.attach d.apply 解析:选a。考查短语辨析。句意:关于孩子们,好的一点是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to表示"使适应于";appeal to表示"对……有吸引力";attach to表示"(使)相关";apply to则表示"运用,适用于"。根据语意,故选a项。 【即境活用】 4.完成句子 our school has ________________________________. 我们学校采用了一个新的教学方法。 答案:adopted a new method of teaching ③ stand v. 站立;忍受;承担 n. 看台;摊子;立场 (回归课本p33)but i can’t stand that picture of a golden haired girl. 但我受不了那幅金发女孩儿的画。 【归纳总结】 can’t stand sb./sth.不能忍受某人/物 can’t stand(sb./sth.)doing sth.不能忍受(某人/物)做…… stand by袖手旁观;支持(某人) stand for代表 stand out显眼;突出 stand on one’s hands/head倒立 stand on one’s feet独立 ①i can’t stand listening to songs like that. 我受不了那样的音乐。 ②i can’t stand people interrupting me all the time. 我不能容忍老有人打岔。 ③i can’t stand my little brother because he is too noisy. 我不能忍受我的小弟因为他太吵了。 ④a teacher can’t stand being cheated by his students. 老师不能忍受被学生欺骗。 【例句探源】 【即境活用】 5. modern plastics can________very high and very low temperatures. a.stand b.hold c.carry d.support 解析:选a。stand在句中表示能够承受很高和很低的温度。 6.i can’t stand________with jane in the same office. she just refuses________talking while she works. a.working;stopping b.to work;stopping c.working;to stop d.to work;to stop 解析:选c。stand 后跟v. ing 形式refuse后跟to do 形式。 ④ reality n. 真实;现实;逼真 (回归课本p33)xu beihong believed that artists should show reality,but not just imitate it. 徐悲鸿认为艺术家应该表现现实,不只是模仿。 【归纳总结】 ①in reality ,my grandfather can no longer walk... 事实上,我爷爷已经不能走路了…… ②i realised that he needed help at that time. 我了解到他当时需要帮助。 ③she finally realised her ambition to see the great wall. 她最终实现了游览长城的愿望。 ④this book gives a realistic description of the life of ordinary people in beijing. 这本书真实地描述普通北京人的生活。 【例句探源】 7.the________of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon,the training centre will have to close. a.reality b.cause c.reason d.result 解析:选a。句意"现实情况是,如果我们不能很快找到新的资金,培训中心就不得不关闭。" 8.完成句子 she says she’s poor but_____________she has a lot of money. 她说她很穷,但事实上她很有钱。 答案:in reality 【即境活用】 ⑤ put off 推迟;延期 (回归课本p35)she put off completing the picture,because she didn’t like it. 她把完成这幅画的时间推迟了,因为她不喜欢这幅画。 put aside撇开,置之不理;节省,储蓄,储存 put away放好(某物),储存 put back推迟,延迟;使(人或物)回到(以前的位置或状态) put down写下,记下;击败;批评 put forward提出;推荐某人 put on穿上,戴上;演出 put out熄灭,扑灭;生产,制造 put up with忍受,忍耐 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today. 今日事,今日毕。 ②we’ll have to put off going on vacation until you’re better. 我们得把休假日期推迟,直到你好些为止。 ③(朗文p1661)i just don’t have the money right now—i’ll have to put him off for another week. 我现在没钱——我不得不让他再等一周。 9.用适当的介词或副词填空 (1)here’s my address-put it ________ in case you forget it. (2)a new theory was put ________ at the meeting. (3)kids,let’s put your toys ________ and go out for lunch. (4)there are many inconveniences that you have to put up ________when you are away from home. (5)he has put ________ a lot of money. 答案:(1)down (2)forward (3)away (4)with (5)aside 【即境活用】 10.(高考大纲全国卷ⅱ)my mother opened the drawer to__________the knives and spoons. a.put away b.put up c.put on d.put together 解析:选a。句意:妈妈打开抽屉把刀和勺子收好。本题考查动词词组辨析。put away(使用完毕)将某物收起或放进抽屉、箱子里;put up 举起,建造、搭起,张贴等;put on 穿上、戴上(衣帽),演出(戏剧);put together合计,合起来,组装。根据句意,a项正确。 ⑥ take turns 轮流 (回归课本p37) take turns to ask your questions.轮流问问题。 it’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 by turns轮流 a hand’s turn举手之劳 in turn反过来;依次 in one’s turn轮到…… 【归纳总结】 ① they took turns at driving/to drive the car. 他们轮流开车。 ②the students filled in the form in turn. 学生们依次填表。 ③you mustn’t speak out of your turn. 未轮到你时,不要发言。 ④it’s your turn to do the cleaning.轮到你扫除了。 【例句探源】 11.in winter people burn a lot of coal to warm themselves,and this__________causes pollution and global warming. a.in turn b.in all c.take turns d.by turn 解析:选a。"冬天人们烧煤取暖,这样反过来又造成了环境污染和全球变暖。" 【即境活用】 句型梳理 ① 【教材原句】 this is a painting by the spanish artist,pablo picasso,considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.(p33) 这是西班牙画家巴勃罗•毕加索的一幅油画,他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的艺术家。 【句法分析】 considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰pablo picasso。过去分词(短语)作定语,与所修饰词语之间通常存在被动关系,少数过去分词也可表示完成,不表示被动。 ①the government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge. 政府决定重新修复那座被毁坏的大桥。 ②the electric bicycle produced by our factory is of high quality. 我们厂生产的电动车质量很高。 ③the fox(which was)shot in the legs couldn’t run any longer. 这只狐狸被射中了腿部,再也不能奔跑了。 ④she is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground. 她正在打扫地上的落叶。(fallen表完成,不表被动) 12.(高考四川卷)a great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano. a.to question b.to be questioned c.questioned d.questioning 解析:选c。句意:许多被询问的学生说他们是被迫练习弹钢琴的。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。students 和question之间是被动关系,故排除a、d两项;b项表示要被询问,不符合语境;c项表示被询问过的,符合句意。 【即境活用】 13.(高考北京卷)i’m calling to enquire about the position__________in yesterday’s china daily. a.advertised b.to be advertised c.advertising d.having advertised 解析:选a。句意:我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘职位的情况。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。空格处部分作position的定语,与position在逻辑上是被动关系,根据句意"职位已在昨天的报纸上被刊登",表示被动及完成,故a项符合题意。 ② 【教材原句】 what do you make of (it)?(p38) 你认为它怎么样? 【句法分析】 (1)此句相当于what do you think of...?或what’s your opinion of...? make of 常用于what 引导的疑问句或否定句中。 ①what do you make of this latest idea? 你对这个最新的计划有何看法? ②i didn’t make much of his speech,did you? 我听不懂他的演讲,你呢? ③make the most of the sunshine,because we don’t get such fine weather in winter. 好好地享受阳光,因为在冬天我们没有多少这样的好天气。 14.—we have to attract younger customers. —exactly!__________ a.you’ve got it right. b.what do you make of it? c.that’s all right. d.thanks a lot. 解析:选a。本题考查交际用语,从下文中的exactly可知,a正确。