2021年高考英语难点37讲难点23ampnbsp有章可循的

　　XX年高考英语难点37讲难点23有章可循的主旨大意题
　　阅读中的主旨大意题主要是考查学生在阅读全文的基础上归纳总结文意的能力，然而，学生在阅读中常犯的毛病之一就是：只见树木，不见森林。
　　难点磁场
　　1。（）aworldofopportunity
　　thenewyorktimesisnowbetterthanever。
　　allthemorereasontoorderhomedeliverynow。
　　newseparatesectionsforthearts。mondaythroughthursday，andsports7daysaweekthatyoucanpullout，takewithyouorpassalong。
　　newthediningin，diningoutsection，wednesdays，abanquet（宴席）ofgreatmealsyoucanmakeyourself，orderuporeatout。
　　newthehouseamp；homesection。thursdays，filledwithuseful，interestingfeaturesandarticlesaboutmakingthemostofallsortsoflivingspaces。
　　newanexpanded，twopartweekendsection。fridays，withmoreideasaboutmovies，shows，
　　artexhibitions，outdoorandindoorrecreations。
　　latestnewsandsportsresultsdaily。andofcourse，dailyworldandnationalnews，sunday’sspecialsectionsandalltheothergreatfeaturesyou’llcontinuetofindinthetimes。
　　findoutjusthowmuchyoucanbenefitfromthetimeseveryday。
　　call18003311969orusethepostagepaidordercardtoorderconvenienthomedeliveryat50offourregularprice。
　　question1：themainideaofthisadvertisementisthat。
　　a。manyopportunitieswillbeprovidedjusttothosewhoorderhomedelivery
　　b。severalnewsectionshavebeenprintedseparatelyfromnowon
　　c。readerscanbewellinformedofthelatestnewsandsportsresults
　　d。peoplecanpickupalltheinformationtheyareinterestedin
　　2。（）millionsofpeopleusecontactlenses（隐形眼镜）。foranyonewhodoesn’tmindstickinghisfingersinhiseyes，thereareclearadvantages：contactscorrectvisionbetterthanglasses，arelessoftencrushedunderfoot，don’tmakeyoulookboring，andcomeinahugevarietyofformssoft，firm，colored，andeventheatrical。
　　moreandmorepeopleareturningtouseofcontactlenses。butaretheysafe？
　　latestresearchfromaustraliashowsthatnotallchemicalsareeffectiveinkillingallgerms（细菌）andsomeofthesegermscancauseblindnessinjust24hours。
　　whilemostproblemswithcontactsstillcangobacktopoorhygiene（卫生）oroveruse，notallsightthreateningconditionsonlyhappentothosewhowashtheirlensesunderthetapordecide，whiletiredandemotional，tosleepintheirlensesforthethirdnightrunning。
　　twoofthebiggesteyedamagingkillersprotozoanacanthamoebaandbacteriapseudomonasareallaroundus，inourhomesandwatersupplies。thisseeminglyharmlesspaircancauseblindnessthroughkeratitis（diseaseofthecornea）。
　　thecornea（角膜）islikeafivelayeredsandwich，saysraymondcurran，adoctorfromomagh，northernireland。oncethebacteriagetintoalayertheycanreproducethereandturnthecorneaopaque（toodarktoseethrough）。
　　anoptician（验光师）mayseeonepossiblysightthreateningcaseeachmonth，butataneyehospitaltheremaybeseveraleachweek。acanthamoeba，oftenseeminglymild，canbemisjudgeduntilitistoolate。meanwhile，pseudomonas，moreseriously，cancauseincreasingsightlosswitheachhourthatpasses。ifnottreatedimmediately，patientsmayneedacornealreplacement。
　　andthereallybadnews，accordingtoprofessorrogerbuckley，atthemoorfieldseyehospitalinlondon，isthatacanthamoebaisoneofthehardestgermsonearthitcansurviveinantarctica。
　　question2：inthepassagethewritermainlywantstotellus。
　　a。thepossibledangerofcontacts
　　b。theimportanceofkeepingcontactsclean
　　c。somedoctors’opinionsaboutcontacts
　　d。theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcontacts
　　3。（）withonlyabout000pandasleftintheworld，chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclone（克隆）theanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies（物种）that’samovesimilartowhatatexasamuniversityresearchershavebeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcallednoah’sark
　　noah’sarkisaimedatcollectingeggs，embryos（胚胎），semenanddnaofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliuidnitrogenifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct，drduanekraemer，aprofessorintexasam’scollegeofveterinarymedicine，saystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture
　　itisestimatedthatasmanyas2000speciesofmammals，birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctinover00yearsthepanda，nativeonlytochina，isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years
　　thisweek，chinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofajapanesewhiterabbittheyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal
　　theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete
　　thenucleartransfer（核子移植）ofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy，andthelackofavailable（capableofbeingused）pandaeggscouldbeamajorproblemkraemerbelievestheywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy（havingababy）ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult，butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworkstheyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk，soitisworththeeffort，addskraemer，whoisoneoftheleadersoftherojectattexasam，thefirsteverattemptatcloningadog
　　theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone，andthisisverysimilartoourworkinnoah’sarkwe’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinctionicertainlyappreciatetheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodoit’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded
　　question3：thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe
　　achina’ssuccessinpandascloning
　　bthefirstclonedpandaintheworld
　　cexploringthepossibilitytoclonepandas
　　dchinathenativeplaceofpandasforever
　　4。（）americanwomenexperienceagreatvarietyoflifestyles。atypicalamericanwomanmaybesingle。shemayalsobeporcedormarried。shemaybeahomemaker，adoctor，orafactoryworker。itisverydifficulttogeneralizeaboutamerican。however，onethingthatmanyamericanwomenhaveincommonistheirattitudeaboutthemselvesandtheirroleinamericanlife。
　　historically，americanwomenhavealwaysbeenveryindependent。thefirstsettlerstocometonewenglandwereoftenyoungcoupleswhohadleftbehindtheirextendedfamily（i。e。theirparents，sisters，cousins，etc。）。thewomenwerealoneinanew，undevelopedcountrywiththeirhusbands。thishadtwoimportanteffects。firstofall，thisasyetuncivilized（未开化）environment（环境）demandedthateverypersonshareindevelopingitandinsurvival（生存）。womenworkedwiththeirhusbandsandchildrentomakethemselvesacceptedinthisnewland。second，becausetheywereinanewlandwithouttheestablished（确定的）influenceofoldermembersofsociety，womenfeltfreetostepintonontraditionalroles。
　　thisroleofwomenwasstrengthenedinlateryearsasamericansmovedwest，againleavingfamilybehindandmeetinganewenvironment。evenlater，intheeast，asnewsettlersarrived，thewomenoftenfoundjobsmoreeasilythanmen。womenbecamethesupportersofthefamily。
　　withintheestablishedlifestyleofindustrializedtwentiethcenturyamerica，thestrongroleofwomenwasnotasattractiveasintheearlydaysofthecountry。somewomenwereactiveoutsidethehome；otherswerenot。however，whenamericanmenwenttowarinthe1940s，womensteppedintothemen’sjobsasfactoryandbusinessworkers。afterthewar，somewomenstayedinthesepositions，andotherslefttheirjobswithanewsenseoftheirownability。
　　question4：whatisthemainideaofthispassage？
　　a。differentlifestylesledbytheamericanwomen。
　　b。americanwomenwerefreetostepintonontraditionalroles。
　　c。americanwomenworkedhardtoestablishtheirrolesinamericanhistory
　　d。americanwomenwereindependentbecausetheydidnothavetofollowtheregulations（rules）atall。
　　案例探究
　　1。therearemanyfamousmuseumsthroughouttheworldwherepeoplecanenjoyart。washingtond。c。，theus，hasthenationalgalleryofart；parishasthelouver，london，thebritishmuseum。floridainternationaluniversity（fiu）inmiami，theusalsoshowsartforvisitorstosee。anditdoessowithoutabuilding，orevenawallforitsdrawingsandpaintings。
　　fiuhasopenedwhatitsaysisthefirstcomputerartmuseumintheunitedstates。youdon’thavetovisittheuniversitytoseetheart。youjustneedacomputerlinkedtoatelephone。
　　youcancallthetelephonenumberofauniversitycomputerandconnectyourowncomputertoit。alloftheartisstoredintheschoolcomputer。itiscomputerart，producedelectronicallybyartistsontheirowncomputers。inonlyafewminutes，yourcomputercanreceiveandcopyallthepicturesanddrawings。
　　robertshostakisdirectorofthenewcomputermuseum。hesayshestartedthemuseumbecausecomputerartistshadnoplacetoshowtheirwork。
　　acomputerartistcouldrecordhispictureselectronicallyandsendtherecords，orfloppydiscs，tootherstoseeontheircomputers。hecouldalsoputhispicturesonpaper，ofcourse。buttoprintgoodpicturesonpaper，thecomputerartistneededanexpensivelaserprinter。
　　robertshostaksaystheelectronicmuseumismainlyforartorcomputerstudentsinschoolsanduniversities。manyofthepicturesinthemuseumaremadebythestudents。mr。shostaksaidthefiumuseumwillmakecomputerartmorefunforcomputerartistsbecausemorepeoplecanseeit。hesaysartistsenjoytheirworkmuchmoreiftheyhaveanaudience。andthegreatnumberofhomecomputersinamericacouldmeanahugeaudienceforhiselectronicmuseum。
　　question：themainpurposeofthistextistogiveinformationabout。
　　a。famousmuseumsthroughouttheworld
　　b。anelectronicartmuseuminmiami，u。s。a。
　　c。artexhibitionsinfloridainternationaluniversity
　　d。latestdevelopmentincomputerart
　　命题意图：本题主要考查学生的归纳概括能力，属五星级题目。
　　错解分析：本题错选c、d两项的学生较多，原因是只抓住了文章中的只言片语，而忽视了前两段文字在文中的作用及贯穿文章始终的museum一词。
　　解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，抓住每段文字的主旨大意，尤其是文章的前两段。第一段作者告诉我们全世界有许多著名的艺术博物馆；第二段主要讲floridainternationaluniversity新开的电脑艺术博物馆。随后各段就这家博物馆的领导者及博物馆的运作做了说明。（2）运用排除法，将较具干扰性的c、d两项排除掉。c项错误在于artexhibitions；d项中只讲电脑艺术的最新发展，与文章的前两段无法相符，也没有呼应贯穿文章始终的artmuseum。
　　答案：b
　　2。nmetXX
　　in1901，h。g。wells，anenglishwriter，wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon。whentheexplorers（探险者）landedonthemoon，theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities。theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothemoonpeopletheymet。inturn，themoonpeopleexpressedtheirsurprise。why，theyasked，areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon’tevenuseyourinnerspace？
　　h。g。wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon。in1969，humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon。peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon。however，thequestionthatthemoonpeopleaskedisstillaninterestingone。agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit。
　　undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace。manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks。insomecities，suchastokyo，seoulandmontreal，therearelargeundergroundshoppingareas。thechunnel，atunnel（隧道）connectingenglandandfranceisnowcomplete。
　　butwhataboutundergroundcities？japan’staiseicorporationisdesigninganetworkofundergroundsystems，calledalicecities。thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparksandusingundergroundspaceforflats，offices，shopping，andsoon。asolardome（太阳能穹顶）wouldcoverthewholecity。
　　supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth’sspace。thesurface，theysay，canbeusedforfarms，parks，gardens，andwildernes。h。g。wells’moonpeoplewouldagree。wouldyou？
　　question：whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？
　　a。alicecitiescitiesofthefuture。b。spacetravelwithh。g。wells。
　　c。enjoylivingunderground。d。buildingdown，notup。
　　命题意图：本题旨在考查学生的归纳概括能力，是一道主旨大意题，属五星级题目。
　　错解分析：此题学生容易错选b项，原因是没有通览全篇，只抓住了文章的后半部分，尤其是第四段。
　　解题方法与技巧：（1）通览全文，抓首段大意。（2）文章开篇叙述了h。g。wells在其科幻小说中的月球人询问月球探险者：为什么地球人不利用地球内部空间而到地球外部空间旅行呢？；接着下一段讲述越来越多的科学家正在认真思考这一问题；随后两段叙述undergroundsystems的利用及日本undergroundcities的设计；然后再根据文章最后一段首句：supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth’sspace，可判断出此题答案。
　　答案：d
　　锦囊妙计
　　1。通读全文，重视首段，注意每段第一句话（尤其是论述性或说明性文章）。
　　2。归纳文章的段落大意。把握文章总体。
　　3。重视重要情节、人物及事物特征。
　　4。注意观察，找准贯穿上下文的关键词汇。
　　5。重视题干中的关键词汇：mainidea，thebesttitle，thewritermainlywantstotell（or：show）
　　歼灭难点训练
　　a
　　humanlanguageisalivingthing。eachlanguagehasitsownbiologicalsystem，whichmakesitdifferentfromallotherlanguage。thissystemmustconstantlyadjusttoanewenvironmentandnewsituationtosurviveandflourish。
　　whenwethinkofhumanlanguagethisway，itisaneasysteptoseethewordsofalanguageasbeinglikethecellsofalivingorganismtheyareconstantlyforminganddyingandsplittingintopartsastimechangesandthelanguageadapts。
　　thereareseveralspecificprocessesbywhichnewwordsareformed。somewordscomeintothelanguagewhichsoundlikewhattheyreferto。wordslikebuzzanddingdongaregoodexamplesofthisprocess。
　　stillanotherwayinwhichnewwordsareformedistousethenameofapersonoraplacecloselyassociatedwiththatword’smeaning。thewordssandwichandhamburgerareexamplesofthiswordformationprocess。theearlofsandwich，anenglisharistocrat（贵族），wassofondofgamblingatcardsthathehatedtobeinterruptedbythenecessityofeating。hethusinventedanewwayofeatingwhilehecontinuedhisgameatthegamblingtable。thisquickandconvenientdishiswhatwenowcallasandwichapieceofmeatbetweentwoslicesofbread。thehamburgerbecamethebestknownsandwichintheworldafteritwasinventedbyacitizenofhamburgingermany。
　　aslongasalanguageisalive，itscellswillcontinuetochange，formingnewwordsandgettingridoftheonesthatnolongerhaveanyuse。
　　1。（）thepassageismainlyabout。
　　a。thebiologicalsystemofalivingorganism
　　b。theinventorsofsandwichandhamburger
　　c。thedevelopmentofhumancells
　　d。thechangesofalanguage
　　b
　　theweddingtookplaceinabirminghamhotel。thebrideandherfatherarrivedinanewblackamericansportscar。herfatherlookednervousanduncomfortableinfrontofthecameras。thebrideworeasilkweddingdress。shesmilednervouslyatthewaitingphotographersandwenttoaroomonthefirstfloorwhereshemetherfuturehusbandfortheveryfirsttime。
　　carlagermaineandgregcordellwerethewinnersofaradiostation’scompetition。theaimofthecompetitionwastofindtwostrangerspreparedtomanywithouthavingmeteachother。missgermaine，23，isamodel。mr。cordell，27，isatvsalesman。theywereamongthetwohundredpeoplewhoenteredforapeculiarexperimentorganizedbybmrbradioinbirmingham，england。gregandcarlawereamongeightfinalistswhowereinterviewedliveonradio。theytookaliedetector（测谎仪）testandthestationalsospoketotheirfriendsandfamilyabouttheirpersonalities。thecompetitionjudgesincludedanastrologer（占星家）whodeclaredthattheyweresuited。
　　thecouplecelebratedtheirweddingwithaweddingbreakfastandapartyfor100guestsintheevening，butnoteveryonesharedtheirjoy。missgermaine’smotherlookedanxiousthroughouttheweddingandmr。cordell’sparentsarereportedtobelessthandelighted。
　　organizations，includingthemarriageguidanceservicerelate，havecriticizedthemarriage。asonepersonputit，wehaveenoughproblemsgettingyoungpeopletotakemarriageseriouslywithoutthis。marriageshouldalwaysbeaboutlove。
　　thecouplearenowonacaribbeanhoneymoonfollowedbyjournalists。theirotherprizesincludeayear’sfreeuseofawonderfulapartmentinthecentreofbirmingham，andacar。butwillitlast？
　　2。（）whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage？
　　a。twostrangersandaweddingb。aweddingbasedonlove
　　c。ashortlivedmarriaged。awellmatchedcouple
　　c
　　since1989，davethomas，whodiedatage69，wasoneofthemostrecognizablefacesontv。heappearedinmorethan800commercials（商业广告）forthehamburgerchainnamedforhisdaughter。aslongasitworks，hesaidin1991，i’llcontinuetodothosecommercials。
　　eventhoughhewassuccessful，thomasremainedtroubledbyhischildhood。hestillwon’tletanyoneseehisfeet，whichareoutofshapebecauseheneverhadproperfittingshoes。wendysaidin1993。borntoasinglemother，hewasadopted（收养）asababybyrexandaulevathomasofkalamazooinmichigan。afteraulevadiedwhenhewas5，thomasspentyearsontheroadasrextraveledaroundseekingconstructionwork。hefedme，thomassaid，andifigotoutofline，he’dbeatme。
　　movingoutonhisownat15，thomasworked，firstasawaiter，inmanyrestaurants。buthehadsomethingmuchbetterinmind，ithoughtifiownedarestaurant，hesaid，icouldeatforfree。a1956meetingwithharlandsandersledthomastoacareerasthemanagerofakentuckyfriedchickenrestaurantthatmadehimamillionairein1968。
　　in1969，afterbreakingwithsanders，thomasstartedthefirstwendy’soldfashionedhamburgers，incolumbus，ohio，whichsetitselfapartbyservingmadetoorderburgers。with6000restaurantsworldwide，thechainnowmakes6billionayearinsales。
　　althoughtroubledbyhisownexperiencewithadoption，thomas，marriedsince1954tolorraine，66，andwithfourgrownkidsbesideswendy，feltitcouldofferafutureforotherchildren。hestartedthedavethomasfoundation（基金会）foradoptionin1992。in1993，thomas，whohadleftschoolat15，graduatedfromcoconutgreekhighschoolinflorida。heeventooklorrainetothegraduationdanceparty。thekidsvotedhimmostlikelytosucceed。
　　thedaveyousawontvwastherealdave，saysfriendpatwilliamshewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker。hewasjustjoeeverybody。
　　3。（）whatisthearticlemainlyabout？
　　a。thelifeofdavethomas。
　　b。thedreamofdavethomas。
　　c。theschoolingofdavethomas。
　　d。thegrowthofdavethomas’business。
　　d
　　timbernersleeisthemanwhowrotethesoftwareprogrammethatledtothefoundationoftheworldwideweb。britainplayedanimportantpartindevelopingthefirstgenerationofcomputers。theparentsoftimbernersleebothworkedononeoftheearliestcommercialcomputersandtalkedabouttheirworkathome。asachildhewouldbuildmodelsofcomputersfrompackagingmaterials。aftergraduatingfromoxforduniversityhewentontotherealthing。inthe1980sscientistswerealreadycommunicatingusingaprimitiveversion（原始版本）ofemail。whileworkingatalaboratoryinswitzerland，timbernersleewroteaprogramme，whichlethimstorethesemessages。thisgavehimanotheridea：writeaprogrammethatwillletacademics（学术界人士）fromacrosstheworldshareinformationonasingleplace。in1990hewrotethehttp（服务程序所用的协议）andhtml（超文本链接标示语言）programmeswhichformedthebasisoftheworldwideweb。
　　thenextyearhisprogrammeswereplacedontotheinternet。everyonewaswelcometousethemandimprovethemiftheycould。programmersusedhiscodestoworkwithdifferentoperatingsystems。newthingslikewebbrowersandsearchenginesweredeveloped。between1991and1994thenumberofwebpagesrosefrom10to100000。
　　in1994timbernersleeformedthenewlyformedworldwidewebconsortium，orw3c。morethan200leadingcompaniesandlaboratoriesarerepresentedbyw3c。togethertheymakesurethateveryonecanshareequallyontheweb。thewebcanhelppeopletounderstandthewaythatothersliveandlove。ithelpsusunderstandthehumanityofpeople，hesays。
　　4。（）themainideaofthispassageis。
　　a。whentheinternetcameintobeingb。howtimberbersleeformedw3c
　　c。whycomputersdevelopsorapidlyd。howtheworldwidewebstarted
　　e
　　reducingtheuseofcarsduringrushtraffichourswillmaketheenvironmentmorelivable。unfortunately，ourpresentlivingandworkingenvironmentsencouragetheuseofcars。but，thecaristakingusdowntheroadinlowerqualityair。theexhaust（废气）fromcars：
　　damagingtheearth’sprotectiveozonelayerandhelpingtocausetheglobalwarming；
　　causesasmuchas50ofthesmogproducingcompoundsandchemicalraininouratmosphere；
　　causes60ofthecarbonmonoxideinouratmosphere。
　　whenyouconsiderthattheaveragepersonbreathesin9000quartsofairaday，yourealizehowimportantcleanairistohumanbeing。
　　thegovernmenthasspentbillionsofdollarstocontrolcarpollution。yet，somebigcitiesarestillinviolation（侵害）ofpublichealthstandardsthatprotectpeoplefrombreathingpoisonousair。thehealthcarecostsrelatedtouncleanairarehuge。
　　thetraditionalwayofcleaningupwhatcomesoutoftailpipeshasnotdonethejobofgettingridofautomobileemissions（散发物）。yettoday’scarsproducesfarlesspollutionthanmodelsfromthe1960’s。buttherearenowalmost51millionmorecarsontheroadthantherewerein1960，anddriversaretravelingmanymoremiles。asaresult，carsarestillthesinglelargestsourceofcitypollutiontoday。
　　ifwearegoingtoachievecleanair，weneedtodiscouragecarusebyinpiduals，especiallyduringrushdrivinghours。
　　atthesametimewereducecaruse，wemustalsoimproveourpublictransportationsystem。ifgoingtoandfromworkbypublictransportationwasconvenientandcheap，peoplewouldusethesysteminsteadofusingcarstodrivetowork。
　　yes，itwillcostmoneytoimproveourpublictransportationsystem。butwenowspendbillionseachyearincontrollingcaremissionswithoutmuchsuccess。givingsomeofthatmoneytopublictransportationwouldbeasmallpricetopayforcleanestair。
　　unlesswedosomethingtoreducecaruseandgetpeopletousepublictransportation，ourloveaffairwiththecarwillbethedeathofourenvironment。
　　5。（）whatisthemainideaofthepassage？
　　a。caruseneedstobediscouraged。
　　b。cleanairisonlypossibleifwereducecaruseduringrushhours。
　　c。caruseiscausingproblemswiththeozonelayercreatingpoisonousgases。
　　d。thegovernmentspendsbillionsofdollarscontrollingthepollutioncomingfromcars。
　　f
　　after78yearsintheuk，thedutchclothingretailer（零售商）hasclosedshopforthelasttime。butcamp；aisnotalone。inthepastweekthebestknownnamesonbritishhighstreetsmarksamp；spencer，bootsandlittlewoodshaveannouncedsomeoftheirworstevertradingfigures。
　　thedownturnisnotacaseofbelttightening。althoughtherearefearsofarecession（衰退），ukconsumer（消费者）spendinghassetnewrecordsinthepastyear。expertssaythesuddenfallistheresultofarevolutionthatischangingalmosteverysideofbritishlives。
　　mr。andmrs。ukaveragearethrowingouttheeverydayandtradinguptothefinerthingsinlife。consumersaredeclaringanendtoallthingsordinary。thegoodtasterevolutionhassweptthecountrywithremarkablespeed。salesofoncepopularfashions（时髦）aredroppingquickly。justthreeyearsagomarksamp；spencerwastheuk’sfavorite。peoplenowconsiderthefashionsordinary。
　　yetjust100yards（91metres）fromtheemptyaisles（通道）inlondon’soxfordstreet，thestoryisdifferent。burberryenjoyeda35percentincreaseinsalesincomeinthelastthreemonthsoflastyear。guccisawitssalesrise25percent。armanireported20percentgrowth。demandforthelogoprint（商标）atlouisvuittoncannotbesatisfiedimmediately。andgrowthisnotonlylimitedtothewealthysoutheast。
　　expertssaybritainhasmovedfromagoodenoughculturetogoodtasteculture。almosteverywhereyoulookfromclothes，tofoodanddrink，tocars，tohomefurnishings，toholidaysbritonsarebuyingintoalifelessordinary。
　　risingwealthisdrivingtherevolution。newresearchshowsthattheaverageukhousehold（family）is40percentbetteroffthanin1986。inthepastonlythosewithmoneyandtimeontheirhandswereabletodevoteenergytothesearchfortastefulliving，saysmartinharward，adirectoratthehenleycenter。butasincomesriseandfreetimeincreases，theprivileged（wealthy）manyarelivinghigher。moremiddleclassconsumersaredevelopingasenseoftheirownselfimagethroughwhattheybuy。
　　6。（）whatisthemostpropertitleforthepassage？
　　a。incomeincreasinginbritainb。revolutionchangingtheworld
　　c。britainsgoinghighfashiond。salesinbritaingoingdown
　　g
　　allofuseateveryday，butmostofusdon’tunderstandnutrition（营养）。howmuchdoyouknowaboutgoodnutrition？arethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse？
　　1。peoplewhodon’teatmeatcanstayhealthy。
　　true。aslongaspeopleeatenoughmilk，eggsandmeatalternates（替代物），theycangetenoughprotein（蛋白质）。
　　2。freshvegetablescookedathomearealwaysmorenutritiousthancannedvegetables。
　　false。thedifferencedependsmoreonhowvegetablesarepreparedthanwhethertheyarefreshorcanned。vegetablescookedintoomuchwatercanlosealargequantityofvitamins。
　　3。foodeatenbetweenmealscanbejustasgoodforhealthasfoodeatenatregularmeals。
　　true。nutritionalvaluedependsonwhattypesoffoodyoueat，notwhenyoueatthem。eatinganeggoranorangebetweenmealscancontributetoagooddiet。
　　4。takingextravitaminsbeyondtherecommendeddailyallowanceswon’tgiveyoumoreenergy。
　　true。it’swidelybelievedthatextravitaminsprovidemoreenergy。buttakingmorethanthebodyneedsdoesn’tmakeiffunctionbetter，justasoverfillingyourgastankdoesn’tmakeyourcarrunbetter。
　　5。naturalvitaminsarebettersupplements（补充）forthedietthansyntheticvitamins。
　　false。thereisnodifference。avitaminhasthesameproperties（性质）andspecificchemicalstructurewhethermadeinalaboratoryortakenfromplantoranimalparts。
　　6。olderpeopleneedthesameamountofvitaminsasyoungerpeople。
　　true。olderpeopleneedthesamequantityofvitaminsasyoungerpeoplealthoughtheyneedfewercalories。certainillnessesraisetherequirementsforsomevitamins，butthatistruefortheyoungaswellastheold。
　　7。foodgrowninpoorsoilislowerinvitaminsthanfoodgrowninrichsoil。
　　false。thevitaminsinourfoodsaremadebytheplantsthemselves。theydon’tcomefromthesoil。however，themineralsinaplantdependonthemineralsinthesoil。
　　ifyouhaveansweredthesequestionscorrectly，youcansayyouknowmuchaboutfoodandnutritionbytoday’sstandards。butrememberthatnutritionisgrowingscienceandthatitmaybeagedasnewinformationisobtained。
　　7。（）themainpurposeofthepassageisto。
　　a。listtoday’sstandardsofsomefoodandnutrition
　　b。introducewhatshouldbeeatenandwhatnot
　　c。explainwhatishelpfultoyourhealthandwhatisnot
　　d。testournutritioniqbyjudgingtheproblemslisted
　　h
　　inasocietysuchastheunitedstatesorcanada，whichhasmanynational，religiousandculturaldifferences，peoplehighlyvalueinpidualismthedifferencesamongpeople。teachersplacealotofimportanceonthequalitiesthatmakeeachstudentspecial。theeducationalsystemsinthesecountriesshowthesevalues。studentsdonotmemorizeinformation。instead，theyworkontheirownandfindanswersthemselves。thereisoftendiscussionintheclassroom。atanearlyage，studentslearntoformtheirownideasandopinions。
　　inmostasiansocieties，bycontrast，thepeoplehavethesamelanguage，historyandculture。perhapsforthisreason，theeducationalsystemintheseasiancountriesreflectssociety’sbeliefingroupgoalsandpurposesratherthaninpidualism。childreninchina，japan，andkoreaoftenworktogetherandhelponeanotheronassignments（作业）。
　　thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagestobothofthesesystemsofeducation。forexample，oneadvantagetothesysteminjapanisthatstudentstherelearnmuchmoremathandsciencethanamericanstudentslearnbytheendofhighschool。theyalsostudymorehourseachdayandmoredayseachyearthannorthamericansdo。thesystemisdifficult，butitpreparesstudentsforasocietythatvaluesdiscipline（纪律）andselfcontrol。thereis，however，adisadvantage。memorizationisanimportantlearningmethodinjapaneseschools，yetmanystudentssaythatafteranexam，theyforgetmuchoftheinformationthattheyhavememorized。
　　theadvantageoftheeducationalsysteminnorthamerica，ontheotherhand，isthatstudentslearntothinkforthemselves。thesystempreparesthemforasocietythatvaluescreativeideas。thereis，however，adisadvantage。whenstudentsgraduatefromhighschool，theyhaven’tmemorizedasmanybasicrulesandfactsasstudentsinothercountrieshave。
　　8。（）inthispassagetheauthormainlydiscusses。
　　a。howwesternschoolsystemsmirrorthevalueofinpidualism
　　b。theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthetwoeducationalsystems
　　c。whatasianschoolsshoulddotomakestudentsmorecreative
　　d。thedifferencesinculture，religion，etc。betweentheeastandwest