老年人记忆学习能力如何提升？两种物质改善大脑功能

　　老年人记忆学习能力如何提升？两种物质改善大脑功能
　　【文献解读】
　　2020年1月，日本近畿大学在期刊《Heliyon》上发表了有关吡咯喹啉醌（PQQ）和咪唑吡咯喹啉（IPQ）对生物活性和神经功能影响的研究。研究了PQQ、PQQH2和IPQ对神经母细胞瘤细胞系SK-N-SH、6-羟基多巴胺、H2O2和Tapsigargin(TG)的不同保护作用。结果表明，PQQ和IPQ改善了衰老小鼠的记忆学习能力，改善了人类语言领域的大脑功能。
　　本次试验首先采用避暗被动回避实验方法研究了PQQ和IPQ对老龄小鼠记忆学习能力的影响。47周龄小鼠(n=8)连续7天腹腔注射PQQ和IPQ（5.0 mg/kg）。在获得性试验中，对照组和接受PQQ和IPQ的小鼠进入暗室所需的时间几乎相同。然而，在24小时后进行的再生试验中，服用PQQ和IPQ的小鼠进入暗室的时间分别延长了约3倍和2倍。结果表明，PQQ和IPQ具有改善小鼠记忆学习能力的作用；然后对40名健康中老年受试者进行MoCA测验。按照1:1分为PQQ食物摄入量组和安慰剂食物摄入量组进行12周双盲、安慰剂对照、平行分组随机临床研究。在语言任务中，安慰剂组的得分变化为0.15±0.13，而PQQ组的得分变化为0.65±0.13，表明服用PQQ显著提高了得分。
　　注:MOCA测试 (A)总分；(B)每个领域的分数
　　结果证明，IPQ具有低细胞毒性和高稳定性，可用于细胞保护和认知维持的补充剂，在体内具有与PQQ相似的功能，IPQ还具有低细胞毒性和高稳定性，可用于细胞保护和认知维持的补充剂。专家认为PQQ的生理效应是PQQ和IPQ共同作用的结果，PQQ和IPQ在体内的动力学还需要更多的实验研究。
　　【文献节选】
　　Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is contained in fruits and vegetables and in human breast milk. It has been reported that PQQ has high reactivity and changes to an imidazole structure (imidazole pyrroloquinoline) by a reaction with an amino acid at a high ratio in nature. A comparative study was conducted to clarify physiological effects including neuroprotective effects, growth-promoting effect, antioxidative effects and a stimulatory effect on mitochondriogensis of PQQ and imidazole pyrroloquinoline (IPQ) using a human neuroblastoma cell line and a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. We also compared the expression levels of human cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform I (COX4/1), which is an index of the amount of mitochondria in the cells that had been exposed to PQQ, PQQH2and IPQ. The results of the comparison showed that IPQ had almost the same biological activities as those of PQQ except for anti-oxidative activity. It was also shown that PQQ and IPQ improve the memory learning ability of aged mice and that BioPQQ® improves brain function in the language field in humans.