斯佳丽旧时代的新女性

　　Abstract
　　ThispapermainlydiscussesScarlettOHara’sparticularcharacters，hersecretofsurvival，herrelationswithotherrolesandwhysheisalwayscriticized。Scarlett，who’sclever，coquettish，stubbornanddiligent，isdifferentfromotheraristocraticwoman。ShehasbeenmarriedforthreetimesandkilledathievingYankeesoldier；thenbuyssawmills，peddlestimberingherselfandearnsmoneyopenly。Theworstthingisshesucceedsinbusinesswhileothergentlemenleadpoorlives。Sheisdifferent，andalsodamned。Butsheisjudgedasanewwomanintheoldtime。
　　Undoubtedly，ifScarlettwereinoursociety，shewouldlivecomfortably。Meanwhile，sheisagoodexampleofsurvival。ButwecannotimitateScarlettinallherways。Ontheotherhand，criticsnowadaysshouldcriticizeScarlettinanewway，thewayofhowtosurviveinmodernsociety。
　　Thatistosay，bedifferentisnotequaltobedamned。
　　KeyWords
　　Rebellious；different；newwoman
　　摘要
　　这篇文章主要描述了文学名著《飘》中的女主人公斯佳丽奥哈拉，她独特的个性，与小说中其他人物的关系，以及她总是被批判谴责的原因。斯佳丽不同于其他贵族妇女，她聪明迷人勤勉并且倔强而坚定。她共有三次婚姻，枪杀了一名正在家中行窃的北方士兵；后来买下锯木厂，自己为卖木材而四处奔波，最后公然地赚取了很多钱。在许多绅士还过着贫困潦倒的生活时，她却获得了成功，这是人们认为最不能接受的事情。她与众
　　不同，因此被谴责，但却是旧时代的新女性。
　　毫无疑问，如果斯佳丽生活在当今社会，她会很幸福，同时也是我们学习的好榜样。当然，我们不能效仿她的一切；另一方面，当今的评判家应该从怎样在现代社会生存的角度，来对她作出全新的评价。
　　与众不同，并不意味着该被批判。
　　关键词
　　反叛；与众不同；新女性
　　Introduction
　　KatieScarlettOHara，theleadingroleofGonewiththeWindbyMargaretMitchell，alwaysgetsmixedreception。However，nomatterhowselfish，indifferentandcunningorstrong，ableandcleversheisjudgedas，sheisanewwomanintheoldtime。
　　ScarlettOHara，thedaughterofawellbredSouthCarolinamotherandarichselfmadeplanterfather，beautifulandcharming，hasmanybeaux。ButsheonlylovesAshleyWilkes，SincethatdaytwoyearsagowhenAshley，newlyhomefromhisthreeyearsGrandTourinEurope，hadcalledtopayhisrespects，shehadlovedhim。Itwasassimpleasthat（Margaret，27）。Atthatday，inScarlett’seyes，Ashley’sdrowsygreyeyeswidewithasmileandthesunsobrightinhisblondhairthatitseemedlikeacapofshiningsilver（Margaret，27）。Fromthenon，theaureoleonAshley’sheadshiningallalonginherheartuntilshefinallyrealizesthatwhatshehasreallylovedandpursuedforsuchlongtimeisnotAshleyhimselfbuttheaureoleonhishead。BecauseofthelovetoAshley，ScarletthashatedMelanieHamilton，thewifeofAshleyWilkes，formanyyears。Simultaneously，becauseofthelovetoAshley，ScarletthasneglectedandrefusedRhettButler’sgenuinelove。AndnotuntilMelanie’sdeathdoessherealizewhomherclosefriend，firmpartnerisandwhomherreallover，stablesupporterisandalsowhomshetrulyandsteadfastlyloves。
　　ThroughthewarandduringthereconstructionScarlettactsasaheroine。Shesurvivestrialbyfireandhunger（Dawson，10）。Butunlikeotherepicheroes，Scarlettloses，shemissesthebestfriendandlostthebesthusbandinherworld。However，ScarlettisScarlett，astubbornwomanwhoalwayssays，Anyway，tomorrowisanotherdaytoherselfandthensolvestheproblems。Thistime，withthespiritofherpeoplewhowouldnotknowdefeat，evenwhenitstaredthemintheface。Sheraisedherchin。ShecouldgetRhettback。Sheknewshecould。Therehadneverbeenamanshecouldnotget，onceshesetherminduponhim（Margaret，1011）。ThisisScarlett，rebel，willfulandstubborn，differentfromotheraristocraticwoman；sheisselfconfident，independent，sagaciousandcandid。ThesecharactersmakeScarlettbescoldedmuchbycritics，bedifferentandbedamned（Margaret，663）。
　　。DescriptionofScarlett’sSpecialCharactersandStyles
　　BeforetheCivilWar，Scarlettlivesinanearlyperfectfamily。Agentlemother，arichfather，andablackmummylookafterherwell，andtheymakeherabeautifulbutspoiledgirl。Ontheotherhand，she’sclever，diligent，braveandstubborn。Owingtothesecharacters，heractionsmakeherverywelcomeingentlemenbutunwelcomeinladies。
　　A。TheBackgroundofScarlett’sFamily
　　Scarlettshowsherdifferenceattherightopeningofthenovel。ShehasagentlybredCreolemotherfromtheseacoast（John，253）。EllenOHara，hasneverbeenseenstirredfromheraustereplaciditynorherpersonalappointmentsanythingbutperfect，nomaterwhatthehourofdayornight（Margaret，42）。Therewasasteelyqualityunderherstatelygentlenessthatawedthewholehousehold（Margaret，43）。Scarlettregardshermotherassomethingholyandapartfromalltherestofhumankindandtheembodimentofjustice，truth，lovingtendernessandprofoundwisdomagreatlady。YoungScarlett，orScarlettantebellum，wantsverymuchtoemulateEllen，butinordertoavoidmissingjoysoflife，shewillfollowhermotheronlyonconditionthatsomedaywhenshewasmarriedtoAshleyandold，somedaywhenshehadtimeforit（Margaret，62）。Nevertheless，EllendoesinfluenceScarlettmuch。
　　Ontheotherhand，Scarlett’sfather，GeraldOHara，alittle，hardheadedandblusteringIrishman，isnotwelleducated，hebelievesthatamanwhowantstoberichshouldbestrongandunafraidofwork。AndGeraldishardy。WhenGeraldwantedsomething，hegainsitbytakingthemostdirectroute（Margaret，48）。ThisconclusionseemedtofitforScarlett，too。
　　B。Scarlett’sDifferentAttitudestotheSocialLifeandHerHappinessAntebellum
　　C。Scarlett’sRebelliousActivitiesinAtlantaduringtheCivilWar
　　ThencomestheCivilWar。Afterherimpulse（marryCharlesHamiltontoretaliateAshleyWilkes’marriagetoMelanieHamilton）Scarlettissoonwidowed，toherdismay，motherhoodfollows。OfcourseScarlettcannotfellcontentedinherwidowlife，shestillwantstodance，laughandbecourtedasScarlettOHara，notScarlettHamilton。Andso，withthehelpofRhettButler，Scarlettbeginstosearchforanotherparadiseinherlife。Whensheisstillinmourning，Scarletttossedherheadandspedoutofbooth（Margaret，189），hurriedlystepsintothedancingfloor，andbeginsheranotherrebellife。Shebeginstothinkforherselfinsteadoflettingothersthinkforheragain。Atthatverytime，sheforgetsherselfandherrearingneglectsthelookonthechaperons’faces，caresnotwhatshewillbecriticized，shejustwantstodance，toreleaseherpartlyfrommourning。
　　D。Scarlett’sPursuitofFreedomandHappiness
　　OnewholeyearafterCharlesHamilton’sdeath，Scarlettispartlyliberated。Despitewearingmourning，sheisbackagainwhereshehasbeenbeforeshemarriesCharles，asifshewereScarlettOHaraagain，thebelleofthecounty。Carelessofthedisapprovalofothers，shebehavedasshehadbehavedbeforehermarriagewenttoparties，danced，wentridingwithsoldiers，flirted（Margaret，215）。Lifeisstillattractive，likesheis。Sheenjoyshernormallikelifeagain。She，Scarlett，energeticandanimated，howcanshebedefinedforever？Muchless，themanshemarriedhasnevergainedherloveatall！SothatScarlett，whoiswillingto，anddestinedto，pursueapassionallife。Obviously，sheisdifferent，andstillisscoldedforbeingdifferentfromthesocialcode。However，inmodernsociety，noonehastherightofobstructingawidowedladyfrompursuinghappiness，especiallyremarriage。
　　E。Scarlett’sBraveryandStubbornness
　　NotlonglaterAshleygoesbacktoteam，heiscaptured。Meanwhile，Melaniefindsherselfpregnant。Asthebattlefieldsituationgetsworse，theresidentsofAtlantabegintofleeaway。Sameastheothers，ScarlettwantstogobacktoTara，too。ButMelanie’sdangeroushealthconditionretainsheratAtlantatoaccompany，protectandhelpher。Originally，ScarlettfearsYankees，fearsbombsandmissesTara，especiallyhermotherterribly。ShehasplannedtoleavetoTara，butwhenMelaniereferstoherpromisetoAshley，andpraisesherforherbraveryandsturdiness，andbegshertostaythere，Scarlettnods。Thenduringthesiege，ScarlettisfidgetytoliveinAtlantaCitywiththehomesickbitingherheart。Inthosedays，shecanleaveMelaniewithothermadamsandsheherselfgoesbackhomewithherson。Infact，Scarlettdoesthinkitover，butbecauseofvariousreasons，thechiefoneofwhichisherpromisetoAshleythatshewilltakecareofMelanieforhim，shestayswithMelanie，whosetimeisapproachingduringtheshelling。Isitakindoffoolishchivalry？Certainlynot！Itisthekindheartedaspectofhernature。Thatistosay，Scarletthasnotonlybraveryandstubbornness，butalsosenseofresponsibilityinhercharacters。Thistime，sheisstilldifferent，butthisistheonlytimesheisnotscoldedforthedifference。MaybeitisbecausesheisnursingagenerallyacknowledgedladyMelanie。
　　SooncomesthefirsttheendoftheworldinScarlett’slife。That’sasultryday，fromtheverymorninghassheknownthatMelanie’spainsaregettingharderandshesurelywillhaveahardtime。Atthisemergentmoment，thedoctorcannotcomebecausehehastodealwithhundredsofwoundedsoldiers。Andatthatverynastyday，theYankeeswilltakethecityinnotime。Nevertheless，theworstthingis，shehastofacethereality，shewilldeliverthebabybyherself！
　　Tillthenightfalls，ScarlettsucceedstohaveMelanie’sbabybathedthefirsttime。Melanietoo，succeedstofallasleep。NowthattheexcruciatingordealofhelpingMelaniethroughchildbirthisover，Scarleet’sselfcontrolcollapses。Fearoverwhelmsher，turnsherintoahystericalchildwhowantstoburyherheadinhermother’slap。。。。Ifonlyshewashome！Homewithmother（Blanche，7）。AgainwiththehelpofRhettandhishardearnedstolenhorse，ScarlettisledthroughtheburningcityandthedangerouscountrysideuntilshecangoonsafelyaloneatleastinRhett’sviewshecan。Therestdistanceislightless，bumpyandendlesstoher，andtheremightbeNorthandSouthArmiesonherwayhome。Duetoherbraveryandstubbornnessonceagain，afteradayandnight’spainfuljourney，Scarlettandothers，safelyarrivesatTara，herhome。
　　F。Scarlett’sWisdomandDiligenceintheReconstruction
　　OutofScarlett’sexpectation，themoreterribledisasteroccursEllenOHara，hergentle，amiablemother，hasdied；herfatherhasturnedtoaterriblyoldmanwithschizophrenia。Nowheislikeachild，nolongerastrongman，thebackboneofTara。Bothofhersistersareillinbed；slaveshaverunaway，withonlythreedarkiesstillremaining。Thereremainsnotenoughfood，andalltheircottonhasbeenburnttoashes。Meanwhile，theirlotofConfederatecashbecomesworthless。Themostimportantisthatshe，ScarletttHamilton，willcontinuetocarryherburdens。
　　ThelongroadfromAtlantatoTarahasended，inablackwall，theroadthatwastoendinEllen’sarms（Margaret，409）。NeveragaincanScarlettliedown，asachild，securebeneathherfather’sroofwiththeprotectionofhermother’slovewrappedaboutherlikeaneiderdownquilt。Therewasnosecurityorheaventowhichshecouldturnnow（Margaret，410）；thereisnooneonwhoseshouldersshecanrestherburdens。NowScarlettisseeingthingswithneweyes，forsomewherealongthelongroadtoTara，shehaslefthergirlhoodbehindher。Sheisawomannowandyouthisgone。TheOHara’sdonottakecharity。TheOHaraslookafterthemselves。Herburdensareherownandtheyareforshouldersstrongenoughtobearthem。ShecannotdesertTara，Shebelongedtotheredacresfarmorethantheycouldeverbelongtoher。Herrootswentdeepintothebloodcoloredsoilandsuckeduplife，asdidthecotton（Margaret，411）。
　　ThenextmorningScarlettforceshertoendurebody’sstiffnessandsore，goesouttosearchforsomefood。IntheNegroes’gardenpatchesofWilkes’plantation，sheislickeddownbyhungerandtiredness。Whenshearisesatlastandseesagaintheblackruinsoftheplantation，herheadisraisedhighandsomethingthatisyouthandbeautyandpotentialtendernesshasgoneoutofherfaceforever。Thelazyluxuryoftheolddaysisgone，nevertoreturn。TherewasnogoingbackandshewasgoingforwardthroughouttheSouthforfiftyyearstherewouldbebittereyedwomanwholookedbackwardButScarlettwasnevertolookbackAtthatmomenthungergrowsatheremptystomachagainandScarlettsaysaloud：Asgodismywitness。。。theYankeesaren’tgoingtolickme。I’mgoingtolivethroughthis，andwhenit’soverI’mnevergoingtobehungeragain。No，noranyofmyfolks。IfIhavetostealorkillasGodismywitness，I’mnevergoingtobehungeragain（Margaret，419）。Thisisherdauntlessness。
　　Whatanannouncementofstruggle！Indeeditisadaythatisworthyofcelebration。Thatsymbolizesthebirthofacompletelynewwoman，aheroineintheoldtime。Fromthenon，theshellofhardness，whichhasbeguntoformaboutherheartwhensheliesintheslavegarden，isslowlythickening。Scarlett，whoismoreadvancedthanothers，firstlyrealizesthathermother’sorderedworldisgoneandabrutalworldhastakenitsplace。Shesees，orshethinkssheseesthathermotherhasbeenwrong，andshechangesswiftlytomeetthisnewworldforwhichsheisnotprepared（Margaret，425）。Thisisherperceptivity。
　　BothofScarlett’stwosistersandtheslavesallrefuse，ordonotdare，tofacethereality。Melanie，whocanfacethesituation，butonlyenduresandsufferspassively，andsheisnotwillingto，orcannot，struggleagainstthebadluckpositivelyandenergetically。Thatistosay，onceagain，ScarlettisdifferentandcomplainedbyeveryoneexceptMelaniewhydoesshebecomesocool，sochilly？
　　Asforhercourageandfieriness，ScarlettkillsathievingYankeessoldier，imperturbablyanddeterminatelyrightbeforetheYankee’sshoot。Suchanactismasscriticizedbythecritics，theyaccuseherofbrutalityandmurderer。Theycondemnherlivingbyhookorbycrook，notlikeafairlady。Butactually，sheonlydoeswhatunderthecircumstancesmustbedoneifsheistosurvived（W。J，109）。Inmodernsociety，thatiscalledlegitimatedefense，isthereforeguiltless。Anyway，Scarlettsavesotherthreesickgirlsandthebabies。Thatisworthwhile。EvenifMelaniewereinthesamesituation，she’dhavedonethesamething（Margaret，431）。
　　ButinanycaseshewillnotgiveupTara，andherfolks。Shewillseducehersister’sfiancinordertogethismemory（W。J，108）Ifhersisterisalittlelessselfishthanher，Scarlettwillneednottomarrysuchanoldman。Afterall，shevictimizesherself。
　　Togetandsaveenoughmoney，Scarlettbuysasawmillherself。SheshuttledbackandforthinAtlantacitywiththewholetowntalkingabouther。Andshemakesasuccess。Simultaneously，sheisexcludedoutofsocialcontacts。Allshehasdoneistobedifferentfromotherwomenandshehasmadealittlesuccessofit。Thatistheoneunforgivablesininanysociety。Bedifferentandbedamned。AsRhettsaystoher，Scarlett，themerefactthatyou’vemadeasuccessofyourmillisaninsulttoeverymanwhohasn’tsucceeded。Remember，awellbredfemale’splaceisinthehomeandsheshouldknownothingaboutthisbusybrutalworld（Margaret，663）。Bynow，weknow，perhapsonlypartly，thereasonwhysheisdifferentanddamned。
　　G。Scarlett’sSecretofSurvival
　　。TheRelationbetweenScarlettandOtherImportantCharacters
　　Surely，Scarlettisthesoulfigureinthenovel，however，therearemanyotherimportantrolesaccompanyher。Amongthem，RhettButlerisScarlett’sgenuinelover，Melanieishertruefriend，andAshleyactuallyisherillusion。
　　A。ScarlettandRhettButler
　　Inthefinalchapterofthenovel，RhetttellsScarlettwhyhisfeelingforherhaschanged：Iwantedyoutoplaylikeachildforyouwereachild，abrave，frightenedbullheadedchild。Ithinkyouareachild。Noonebutachildwouldbesoheadstrongandsoinsensitive。。。IliketothinkthatBonnie（theirdaughter）wasyou，alittlegirlagain（Margaret，1004）。RhetttellsScarlettthisaftersheadmitsthatherimageofAshleyhasbeenalittlegirl’sillusion。。。Indiscardingtheillusion，theimagefromthepast，Scarlettdiscardscompletelyhergirlhood；shebecomesanadult，thepointtowardwhichthenovelhasbeenmoving。Andbythetimeshehasbeenanadult，ScarlettalsolosesRhett。。。Rhettwanted，inotherwords，tobethemaster。。。，thefatherofthechildwoman，allowingherthebenevolenceofhispaternity（Dawson，17）。
　　Inthefinalscenebetweentwoadultsthiswasthefirsttimehehadevertalkedtoherinthismanner，asonehumanbeingtoanother，talkedasotherpeopletalked，withoutflippancy，mockeryorriddles（Margaret，1003），inthisfinalscene，Scarlettmatures，Melanie’sdeathburiestheoldpatternofbehavior（likeshehasdone）。Timehasbroughtchangesthatcallfornewmodesofbehavior。Thefemaleparent，theoldorderhaspassedaway。Scarlett，thewoman，isfreetoexertherownvitalself；sheisemancipated（gratifyingorlamentable？）。AndonlycompletelysoafterRhettleaves（Dawson，17）。Accordingtothis，Rhett’sleavingisnotsad，weshould，instead，bepleased。He’sgottogoaslongasshefeelsthatScarlettshouldhaveremainedachild。Hisleavingisnotamaskofstrength，butofweaknessandofblindness，theblindnessthattraditionhasproduced（Dawson，18）。
　　B。ScarlettandMelanie
　　Butitisthisquiet，pliableanddelicateMelaniewhoisthetowerofstrengthofScarlett。WithMelanie，thereisthestrengthuponwhichScarletthasreliedunknowingforsomanyyears。MelanieistheonlywomanfriendScarletteverhas，theonlywomanexceptmotherwhoreallylovedScarlett（Margaret，988）。Melaniehadalwaysbeentherebesideherwithaswordinherhands，unobtrusiveasherownshadow，lovingher，fightingforherwithblindpassionateloyalty，fightingYankees，fire，hunger，poverty，publicopinionandevenherbelovedbloodkin（Margaret，988）。MelanieistheonlyonewhonevercriticizesScarlett’sbeingdifferentforsheknowsthatonlypeoplelikeScarlettcansurvive。WhatapitythatshecannotfollowScarlett！
　　ThereasonisthatMelaniebelongstotheoldorder。She，ofcourse，istheidealofsouthernfemininegraciousness，thegreatladypersonifiedasisEllenOHara，Scarlett’smother；butthereisatoughnessinherthatissurprising。Itisshewho，thoughmaystarve，cannotcompromiseherprinciples（RobertY，144）。
　　C。ScarlettandAshley
　　AshleyWilkes，thelastcharactertobediscussed，hasbeenScarlett’slovershehasdreamedformanyyears。ThesameasScarlett，hethinksthathelovesScarlett，too。Hethinkshelovesherforsheissofineandstrongandgood，sobeautiful，notjusthersweetface，butallofher，herbodyandhermindandhersoul（Margaret，270）。HeeventellsherIloveyou，yourcourageandyourstubbornnessandyourfineandyourutterruthlessness。HowmuchdoIloveyou？SomuchthatamomentagoIwouldhaveoutragedthehospitalityofthehousewhichhasshelteredmeandmyfamily，forgottenthebestwifeanymaneverhad，enoughtotakeyouhereinthemudlikea。。。（Margaret，520）。AlsowhileMelanieisdyinghefinallyrealizesthathisloverisMelanie。Isn’tthattoolate？
　　Conclusion
　　BothAshleyandMelanieareanachronismsastheresultofthedisruptionofthewar（Dawson，14）。Theoldorder，thelifeoftraditionis，ofcourse，representedinthem。TheWilkesesarebookworms，theyalwayssendoffforbooksofpoetry，takeEuropeantours，andmarrytheircousins。Theirplantation，TwelveOaks，iseverythingromanticistswouldliketobelieveabouttheoldsouth。
　　Nowwesee，ScarlettandRhett，thetwostrongfigures，andMelanieandAshley，thetwoweakones，wereproductsofexternalcharacterizationratherthanpsychologicalmotivation，yettheygavetheappearanceofrealityinmannersanddialogue，seemingtobeshapedbyinnerstressesandsocialforcesratherthanbyprefabricatedtemperaments（JamesD，263）。Onlythosewhoadaptthemselvestothechangescansurvive，eveniftheyaredifferentintheoldtime。Theweakonesaredestinedtobeeliminated。
　　Inthisaspect，Scarletthasdonewell。Shecanloveandhatewithaviolence，hervoicewasbriskanddecisiveandshemadeuphermindinstantlyandwithnogirlishshillyshallying。Sheknewwhatshewantedandshewentafteritbytheshortestroute，likeaman，notbythehiddenandcircuitousroutespeculiartowomen（Margaret，624）。Shewantsnotonlytosurvive，butalsotoprevailandwilluseanymeansathandtogainherends，andshewins，stillkeepsanuneasilyknownkindheart。Thosearecharactersneededforsuccess，in21stCentury。IfScarlettwerelivinginmodernsociety，insteadoftheoldtime，shesurelycouldleadahappyandcomfortablelife，likemanyotherwhitecollarwomendo。
　　Inshort，Scarlettisanewwomanintheoldtime。Sheisdifferentanddamned。However，thesocietywhichweliveinisanadvancedone，sowecanimitateher，ofcoursenotinallherways。Fortunately，wecouldbedifferentassheis，moreover，notbedamnedassheis。
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