八年级英语下册Unitampnbsp4ampnbsp重点短语及句型总汇

　　unit 4 he said i was hard-working
　　1.every saturday每周六
　　2.first of all首先
　　3.both……and……两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）
　　4. neither….nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）
　　5.most of…绝大多数
　　6.an exciting week令人兴奋的一周
　　7.agree on something同意某人的计划；对….取得 一致意见
　　8.agree to do sth.答应/同意做…
　　9.pass on (to)　　　　　　　 传递
　　10.be supposed to do sth.　 　　被期望或被要求做... ...
　　11.be mad at ……对……疯狂/生气
　　12.do better in=be better at 　　在......方面做得更好
　　13.be in good health 　　身体健康
　　14.report card 　　　　　 成绩单
　　15.sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj.做表语
　　16.sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like
　　听起来像…/感觉像…/闻起来像…/尝起来像…/看起来像…+sb./sth.
　　17.get… over　 　　　　　　克服；恢复；原谅
　　18.open up 　　　　　　　 打开/展开/开发/揭露
　　19.care for　 　　　　　　照料；照顾；意愿；计较
　　20.have a(surprise) party for sb.　为某人举行一次（惊喜0聚会
　　21.end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考试
　　22.not----anymore 不再
　　23.do a home project 做作业
　　24.be surprisedhappyexcited to do sth 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动
　　25.be get nervous 感到紧张
　　26.have a very hard time with.. 在---日子不好过
　　27.an disappointing result 令人失望的结果
　　28.take leave a message 捎（留）个口信
　　29.have a big fight
　　30.it is a good idea for sb. to do sth
　　31.to teach in china’s rural areas
　　32.feel lucky
　　33.people who need help 需要帮助的人
　　34.something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事
　　35.there is no difference between…and.. 在…和…之间没有区别
　　36. groups and the work they do
　　groupsthe work they do
　　greenpeacecares for ‘mother earth＂
　　doctors without bordershelps sick people in poor countries
　　unicefhelps children in poor countries
　　wwfcares for wild animals in danger
　　37.the hope project 希望工程
　　38.fortunately
　　本单元目标句型：
　　转述他人话语:what did sb. say? he said i …she said she…they said…
　　1.许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。mr. xu told me that xumengdie could speak three languages.
　　2.许老师说地球绕着太阳转。mr. xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.
　　3.许老师告诉我他将去北京。she told me he would go to beijing the next day.
　　4.许老师说欧洋正在做作业mr. xu said ouyang was doing his homework at that time.
　　5.许老师说王硕研勤奋。mr. xu said wang shuoyan was hard-working.
　　6.在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。in english, i’m better at reading than listening.
　　7.情况怎样？ how’s it going?
　　8.她不想再当我最好的朋友了。she didn’t want to be my best friend anymore.
　　9.i said it would start a bad habit , and that she would do her own work.
　　10.that’s about all the news i have now. mum and dad send their love.
　　11.she said helping others changed her life.
　　12.teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in gansu province may not like fun to you.
　　13.the peking university graduate first went there as an volunteer on a one-year program.
　　14.life in the mountains was a new experience for lang lei. her village was 2,000metere above the sea level, and at first the thin air made her feel sick.
　　15.young people today need to experience different things
　　16.some of the students may not be able to go to senior high school or collage.
　　17.i can open up my students’ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.
　　18.she said she likes being a good influence in the children’s lives.
　　19.she now works as a math teacher at a high school in the city of pingliang, gansu province.
　　20.you are at b’s house working on a homework project.
　　21.you were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it, but a didn’t come to the bus stop.
　　22.a calls you with a message for c. pass on the message, and then give c’s answer to a.
　　23.what are some things that happen on soap operas?
　　本单元语法讲解
　　直接引语和间接引语
　　（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
　　1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变
　　一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如：
　　tom said to me,＂my brother is doing his homework.＂
　　 tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
　　2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。 如：
　　she asked jack,＂where have you been?＂  she asked jack where he had been.
　　he said,＂these books are mine.＂  he said that those books were his.
　　（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
　　1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。
　　＂i want the blue one.＂ he told us. ＂我想要兰色的。＂ 他说。
　　  he told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。
　　she said to me, ＂you can’t do anything now.＂ 她对我说：＂此刻你无法做任何事情。＂
　　she told me that i couldn’t do anything then.　她对我说那时我无法做任何事。
　　2. 疑问句的间接引语
　　直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种：
　　(1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。 如：
　　＂has he ever worked in shanghai?＂jim asked. ＂他在上海工作过吗？＂吉姆问。
　　 jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。
　　＂can you tell me the way to the hospital?＂ the old man asked.
　　那个老人问：＂你能告诉我去医院的路吗？
　　 the old man asked whether i could tell him the way to the hospital.
　　那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。
　　(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如：
　　＂which room do you live in?＂ he asked. ＂你住哪个房间？＂他问我。
　　 he asked me which room i lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。
　　＂what do you think of the film?＂ she asked. 她问＂你怎么看这部电影？＂
　　 she asked her friend what she thought of the film.她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。
　　(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if …or引导。 如：
　　＂is it your bike or tom’s? mum asked.妈妈问：＂这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？＂
　　mum asked whether/if it was my bike or tom’s.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。
　　＂does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?＂ kate asked.
　　＂你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？＂凯特问。
　　 kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.
　　凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。
　　3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如：
　　jack said, ＂please come to my house tomorrow, mary.　＂杰克说：＂玛丽，明天请到我家来。＂
　　 jack asked mary to go to his house the next day.　杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。
　　the teacher said to the students, ＂stop talking.＂老师对学生们说：＂不要讲话了。＂
　　 the teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。
　　＂don’t touch anything.＂ he said.＂不要碰任何东西。＂他说。
　　 he told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。
　　4. 动词时态和代词等的变动
　　(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：
　　直接引语　　　　　　　　 　 间接引语
　　today　　　　　　　　 　　　　that day
　　now 　　　　　　　　　　　　　then, at that moment
　　yesterday　　　　　　　 　　　the day before
　　the day before yesterday　　　two days before
　　tomorrow　　　　　the next day / the following day
　　the day after tomorrow　two days after, / in two days
　　next week/ month etc　　　　the next week/month etc
　　last week/ month etc　　the week / month etc. before
　　here　　　　　　　　　 　　　there
　　this　　　　　　　　　 　　　　that
　　these　　　　　　　　　　　　those
　　come　　　　　　　　　 　　go
　　bring　　　　　　　　　 　take
　　(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下： 现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时
　　一般现在时  一般过去时；
　　现在进行时  过去进行时；
　　一般将来时 过去将来时；
　　现在完成时 过去完成时；