八年级英语下册Unitsampnbsp910语法词汇重点

　　period eight (八年级下units 9—10) 一、大纲要求
　　词汇
　　单词neither, boat, especially, travel, discover, wonderful, population, dumpling, brave, spring, whenever, awake, umbrella, noon, goodbye, cow, cost, baby, holiday重点句型have you ever been to an amusement park?this means that you can find disney characters all over the roller coaster. tell me about yourself.so do i. 二、重点解析单词1. population (1) population 是集体名词，它作主语时，若指一个地区或国家的整体人口时谓语动词通常用单数；若强调整体人口中的成员时，谓语动词通常用复数。 eg:  the population of nanjing is smaller than that of shanghai. 南京的人口比上海少。 about two fifths of the population here are farmers. 这儿大约2/5的人口是农民。 (2) 在询问人口时，注意population和people的区别，前者用what来提问，后者用how many 来提问。 eg:  what’s the population of hebei province? 河北省的人口是多少？ how many people are there in hebei province? 河北省有多少人？ (3) 表达人口多少时要用large和small来修饰，不能用many, more和few修饰。 eg:  china has a larger population than japan. 中国的人口比日本多。2. neither (1) neither常用作代词，意为＂两者都不＂。 eg:  neither of us can understand. 我们俩谁也不能理解。 neither was very interesting. 两者都没有多大意思。 (2) 它还可用作形容词，意为＂（两者）都不＂，常在句中作定语。 eg:  neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。 [注]neither作主语时，应看作是单数形式；neither所修饰的名词也应用单数形式。(3) neither 用在倒装句中表示＂前者所说的内容也适合于后者＂，意为＂也不＂。 eg:  he doesn’t like beethoven and neither do i. 他不喜欢贝多芬的作品，我也不喜欢。词语辨析neither, none, either, both & all
　　表示肯定意义
　　表示否定意义
　　表示两个人或事物
　　both
　　neither
　　表示三个或三个以上的人或事物
　　all
　　none
　　both意为＂两者都＂；either意为＂两者中的任何一个＂；neither表示＂两者中任何一个也不＂。none意为＂三个或三个以上一个也不＂，all指＂三个或三个以上都……＂。(1) 用作形容词时，neither, either修饰单数名词，both修饰复数名词，all可以修饰复数名词，也可以指不可数名词。 eg:
　　neither story is true. 两个故事都不真实。
　　you may take either road. 你可以走两条路中的任何一条。
　　both pens are red. 两支钢笔都是红色的。
　　all the water was poured. 所有的水都泼出去了。
　　(2) 用作代词时，neither/either常被看作单数，而both应看作是复数；all根据不同的情况可以看作是单数或复数。 eg:
　　neither is mine. 两个都不是我的。
　　both of us are teachers. 我们两个都是老师。
　　all of us are here. 我们所有的人都在这儿。
　　(3) neither/none表示完全否定；而both/all和否定词not连用时，表示的是不完全否定意义。
　　eg: neither of you is right. 你们两个都不对。
　　both of you are not right. 你们两个并非都对。
　　重点句型
　　1. have you ever been to an amusement park? 你曾经去过游乐园？
　　have been to 意为＂去过某地＂。 have gone to 指＂去了某地，但未回来＂。 eg:
　　she has never been to beijing. 她从来没去过北京。
　　—where is your deskmate? 你同桌去哪儿了？
　　—he has gone to the bookshop? 他去书店了。
　　2. this means that you can find disney characters all over the roller coaster.
　　这意味着在所有的过山车里你都能够看到迪斯尼人物。
　　mean是及物动词，意为＂意思是……，意味着……＂。 eg:
　　what does the word ＂argue＂ mean? ＂argue＂ 这个单词意思是什么？
　　it means that he won’t come again. 这意味着他再也不会回来了。
　　[注]mean的名词形式为meaning. eg:
　　what’s the meaning of life? 生命的意义是什么？
　　3. tell me about yourself. 给我讲讲你的情况。
　　动词tell的用法：
　　(1) tell sb. about sb. /sth. 意为＂告诉某人有关某人/某事＂。 eg:
　　could you tell me about your work? 你能告诉我你的工作情况吗？
　　(2) 后接单宾语，意为＂讲述、说、告诉＂，该宾语通常是事物。 eg:
　　my mother like telling jokes. 我妈妈喜欢讲笑话。
　　(3) 后接双宾语，即人和事物，表示＂讲述、说、告诉＂。 eg:
　　she has told me the thing. 她已经告诉我这件事了。
　　(4) tell sb. (not) to do sth. 意为＂吩咐/命令某人（不）做某事＂。 eg:
　　tell him to wait. 叫他等一等。
　　(5) 它常与can, could, be able to 连用，意为＂辨别，分辨＂。 eg:
　　i can’t tell tom from his twin brother? 我不能分辨出汤姆和他的孪生兄弟。
　　4. so do i. 我也是。
　　＂so+助动词/情态动词+主语＂是倒装句结构，用于后一句陈述内容与前一句陈述内容相同，且前后的主语是不同的人，意为＂某某也如此＂。若前后陈述的情况为否定式，用 neither或nor来替代so。 eg:
　　—i am a teacher. 我是一名老师。
　　—so is he. 他也是。
　　—she can’t dance. 她不会跳舞。
　　—nor can i. 我也不会。
　　[注] 若前后两陈述句的主语一致，且陈述内容相同，则用so+主语+助动词/情态动词，意为＂某某的确如此＂。 eg:
　　—he is very brave. 他很勇敢。
　　—so he is. 的确如此。
　　5. i was having a hard time finding it until you came along.
　　我一直很难找到它，直到你走了过来。
　　have a good time doing sth. 意为＂做某事很费劲＂。 eg:
　　the police had a hard time finding the lost child. 警察好不容易找到了这个走失的孩子。
　　6. i didn’t know some of the girls, but they were all really friendly to me.
　　有些女孩子我不认识，但她们真的对我很友好。
　　be friendly to sb. 意为＂对某人很友好＂。 eg:
　　my classmates are friendly to me. 我的同学对我很友好。
　　三、巩固练习
　　1. the headmaster told us at the science museum on time.
　　a. arrive b. arrives c. to arrive d. arriving ( 北京)
　　2. —let’s go and play football, ?
　　—that’s wonderful.
　　a. will you b. do you c. won’t we d. shall we ( 江苏)
　　3. —jane, it’s time to go school. get up and have breakfast.
　　—but i am not feeling . i don’t fell like eating anything.
　　a. bad b. good c. well ( 长沙)
　　4. i told you not to be late again, john, i?
　　a. do b. did c. don’t d. didn’t ( 河北)
　　5. —jim enjoys listening to pop music.
　　— .
　　a. so does helen b. also is helen
　　c. helen likes also d. so helen does ( 甘肃)
　　6. —do you mind if i smoke here?
　　— .
　　a. you are welcome b. i’m afraid not
　　c. please don’t. it’s a non-smoking car ( 甘肃)
　　7. two foreigners are in the sitting room. one is jack and is peter.
　　a. other b. another c. one d. the other ( 湖南)
　　8. —you’ve left the light on.
　　— . i’ll go and turn it off.
　　a. so i have b. so do i c. nor have i d. neither i do ( 内蒙古)
　　9. i bought two pairs of shoes, but of them is made in chengdu.
　　a. neither b. either c. none ( 四川)
　　10. —tom, can you tell me where jack is?
　　—he to the library.
　　a. has gone b. had gone c. has been ( 武汉)
　　11. —would your sister go to hainan this summer?
　　—if i don’t go, .
　　a. neither will she b. neither does she c. so will she d. so does she ( 辽宁)
　　12. i had to buy these books because i didn’t know which one was the best.
　　a. both b. none c. neither d. all ( 南京)
　　13. —i like apples.
　　— .
　　a. me too b. my brother is c. don’t do that ( 重庆)
　　14. it was a long journey, but of them four felt boring.
　　a. neither b. both c. none d. all ( 黑龙江)
　　15. —have you ever to japan?
　　—no, never.
　　a. been b. gone c. go d. travel
　　16. —i hear your teacher to japan once.
　　—yes. he _____ there last year.
　　a. goes, went b. has been c. went, has been d. has been, went
　　17. thank you for us to your house on saturday.
　　a. inviting b. invited c. invite d. to invite
　　18. hurry up. your parents you for twenty minutes.
　　a. wait b. is waiting c. has waited for d. have been waiting for
　　19. students are usually interested in sports. some like running, some like swimming and like ball games.
　　a. the others b. others c. the other d. other
　　20. i don’t think he is having a meeting, ?
　　a. does he b. don’t i c. is he d. isn’t he