2019届高考英语句型专题复习Unitampnbsp19

　　unit 18
　　理解:要点诠释
　　单词
　　1.remain
　　讲：v.剩下；停留
　　linkv.一直保持；仍然(后接名词、形容词、分词或介词短语作表语)
　　例:if you take 4 from 10,6 remains.
　　10减去4，还余6。
　　how long will you remain(=stay)here?
　　你能在这里停多久？
　　how can we remain silent on this question?
　　对于这个问题我们怎么能保持沉默呢？
　　链接•提示
　　可以用作连系动词的行为动词:
　　(1)表示感觉的动词
　　feel摸起来，感觉；look看起来；smell闻起来；sound听起来；taste尝起来
　　(2)表示进入某种状态或存在某种状态的动词
　　appear似乎；become变成；come变得；fall变成；get变得；go变得；grow变得；keep保持；prove证实；remain保持；seem好像；
　　stay保持；turn变得
　　练:（XX上海春季高考）the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain______________ as the plane was making a landing.
　　a.seat b.seating c.seated d.to be seating
　　提示:单从结构上讲，remain后可用现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式作表语，但是seat应该用seated作表语，如:please be seated.(=please seat yourself.=sit down,please.)故选c项。
　　答案:c
　　2.similar
　　讲：adj. 相似的；类似的
　　similarly adv. 相似地；类似地；同样；也
　　例:my wife and i have similar tastes in music.
　　我和妻子有共同的音乐爱好。
　　the two brothers look similar.
　　这兄弟俩长得很像。
　　the two houses are similar in size.
　　两座房子大小差不多。
　　husband and wife were similarly successful in their chosen careers.
　　夫妻俩在各自选择的事业上都很成功。
　　链接•提示
　　(1)be similar to...in...在……方面与……有相似之处
　　the two words are similar to each other in meaning.
　　这两个词在意思上有相似之处。
　　(2)similarity n. 相似性；相像性；相似点；相像处
　　she bears a striking similarity to her mother.
　　她跟她母亲十分相像。
　　there is some similarity in the way they sing.
　　他们的演唱风格有点像。
　　练:(1)our body are strengthened by taking exercises.__________ ,our minds are developed by learning.
　　a.probably b.likely c.generally d.similarly
　　提示:本题考查在语境中选词的能力。probably意为＂大概＂；likely是形容词，意为＂可能的＂，用在此句不妥；generally意为＂一般地＂；similarly意为＂同样地，类似地＂。根据语意和词义，d项为正确答案。
　　答案:d
　　(2)my train was 20 minutes late in the morning and there was a(n)_____________ delay in the evening.
　　a.same b.alike c.similar d.equal
　　提示:句意为:我乘坐的火早上晚点20分钟，晚上差不多也晚点这么长时间。
　　答案:c
　　(3)the two phrases are similar______________ structure but different_______ meaning.
　　a.in;in b.to;to c.in;from d.with;from
　　提示:句意为:这两个短语结构相似，但意义不同。be similar in...在……相似；be similar to...与……相似；be different in...在……不同；be different from...与……不同。
　　答案:a
　　3.attempt
　　讲：n. 努力、尝试、企图、未遂行为
　　v.尝试；试图；试图征服(危险的山、海等)
　　例:they made no attempt at escaping.
　　他们没有试图逃走。
　　he made an attempt to swim across the english channel.
　　他试图渡过英吉利海峡。
　　they decreased their production in an attempt to push the prices.
　　他们减少生产量，以试图抬高价格。
　　they attempted a surprise attack.
　　他们企图偷袭。
　　the prisoners attempted to escape,but failed.
　　那些囚犯试图逃走，但失败了。
　　he attempted breaking the world record.
　　他试图打破世界记录。
　　链接•提示
　　(1)attempt to do/doing sth.企图做某事
　　attempt to do sth.暗含不成功之意；try to do sth.＂尽力做某事＂，结果有可能成功也有可能失败；manage to do sth.＂设法做到＂，结果一定是成功的
　　(2)make an attempt to do/doing sth.试图做某事
　　(3)attempted adj. 未遂的；意图的
　　an attempted murder/suicide杀人未遂/自杀未遂
　　练:(1)（XX江苏高考）a man is being questioned in relation to the____________ murder last night.
　　a.advised b.attended
　　c.attempted d.admitted
　　提示:句意为:一个男子正在被询问昨天晚上的杀人未遂案。attempted与句意相符。
　　答案:c
　　(2)tom has been preparing carefully for the english examination,so that he can be sure of passing it at his first_________________.
　　a.request b.attempt
　　c.promise d.purpose
　　提示:本题考查名词。request请求；attempt尝试；promise许诺；purpose目的。从句意看应该选用attempt。
　　答案:b
　　短语
　　1.allow for
　　讲：该词组的义项有＂顾及；考虑到……＂。
　　例:the journey usually takes 3 weeks,but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.
　　这趟旅行通常需时三周，但是你应该考虑到恶劣天气所造成的延误。
　　his inexperience should be allowed for.
　　他缺少经验应该被考虑在内。
　　allowing for inflation,the cost of the project is  2 million.
　　考虑到通货膨胀因素，这个项目的费用为200万美元。
　　链接•拓展
　　(1)allow doing sth.允许做某事
　　we don’t allow making noise here,so you should keep quiet.
　　这里不允许大声喧哗，请你保持安静。
　　(2)allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
　　the nurse allowed him to stay in hospital for another two days.
　　护士准许他在医院再住两天。
　　(3)considering考虑到；鉴于
　　considering the strength of the opposition,we did very well to score two goals.
　　考虑到对方实力强大，我们进了两个球就很不错了。
　　john did quite well considering how little he studied.
　　考虑到约翰才学了那么一点点，他考得已算很不错了。
　　练:(1)we can’t finish the work in such a short time;you must___________ our lack of experience.
　　a.allow to b.allow for
　　c.allow of d.allow into
　　提示:句意为:我们不可能在这么短的时间内完成工作；你必须考虑到我们缺乏经验。allow for考虑到……；allow of容许，容得。b项符合句意。
　　答案:b
　　(2)i suppose we’ll have to,___________ bad weather conditions,spend more than 500 days undertaking the construction.
　　a.considering b.allowed for
　　c.including d.linked with
　　提示:作＂考虑到……＂讲时，allow for 为动词词组，而considering为介词。本句中＂__________ bad weather conditions＂用作状语，故选a项。
　　答案:a
　　(3)nobody but doctors or nurses and those____________ by dr hu__________ to enter the patient’s room.
　　a.invited;is allowed b.are invited;are allowed
　　c.being invited;allowed d.invited;are allowed
　　提示:第一空需要过去分词作定语，排除b、c项；第二空要考虑主谓一致，本句中的主语是nobody，but doctors or nurses and those是状语。故选a项。
　　答案:a
　　2.be aware of 意识到……；察觉到……
　　例:i’m well(quite) aware of the risk.
　　我深知那项风险。
　　she was/became aware of the danger.
　　她(终于)觉察到危险。
　　he was aware that he had drunk too much.
　　他晓得他喝了太多(酒)。
　　few of them were aware(of) what a hypocrite he really was.
　　他们之中很少人知道他实际上是个什么样的伪君子。
　　链接•拓展
　　(1)be aware of后接名词或从句，接从句时，可以省略of。
　　(2)be aware+that从句 意识到……；察觉到……
　　练:the young couple was worried,because neither of them was aware___________ they had lost the necklace.
　　a.of the place b.of which
　　c.what d.of where
　　提示:aware的常见结构为:be aware of sth.或be aware(that)，意为＂知道，意识到，明白＂。如果选a 项，在place后应加上where。由于宾语从句中需要地点状语，故选d项。
　　答案:d
　　3.after all
　　讲：该词组的义项有＂毕竟；究竟；归根结底；(解释或说明理由)别忘了；到底＂。
　　例:so you made it after all.
　　你毕竟成功了。
　　he should have paid.he suggested it,after all.
　　他本来该付款的。别忘了是他提出来的。
　　it’s not surprising you are tired.after all,you were up until three last night.
　　难怪你感到疲倦，别忘了，你昨晚3点才睡觉。
　　链接•拓展
　　含有all的短语:
　　(1)all in all从各方面考虑；总的来说
　　all in all it had been a great success.
　　总得来说，那是个巨大的成功。
　　(2)all in one多功能；多用途
　　(3)and all而且；还；包括
　　she jumped into the river,clothes and all.
　　她连衣服也没脱就跳进河中。
　　(4)in all总共；总计
　　(5)not at all一点也(不)；完全(不)；(回答道谢的客套话)不用谢
　　练:i thought i was going to fail the exam,but i passed______________ .
　　a.above all b.after all
　　c.in all d.first of all
　　提示:above all意为＂尤其是、最重要的是＂，常用来强调诸多事情中最重要的；after all意为＂毕竟、别忘了＂或＂终究、终归、到底＂，用以提醒或强化被忽略的事实或现象，或表示转折之意；in all的意思是＂总共，总计＂；first of all的意思是＂首先＂，表示要说、要做事情的顺序。
　　答案:b god never helps the man who will not act.天决不佑无行动的人。
　　句型
　　1.now that...既然……
　　讲:注意观察下面教材原句:
　　now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace,the true challenge is to find new ways of using it.
　　句中的now that是一个连词词组，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，意思是＂既然，由于＂，在口语中常省略that，而只用now引导从句，这时不要把now理解为＂现在＂。
　　例:now that the kids have left home,we’ve got a lot of extra space.
　　孩子都离开家了，我们住得宽绰了。
　　now you’ve grown up,you can decide it yourself.
　　你已经长大了，你可以自己决定了。
　　引导原因状语从句的连词比较:
　　链接•提示
　　(1)because语气较强，表示直接原因；在回答why的问句时，必须用because。
　　(2)since/as语气较弱，表示明显的原因或已知事实。
　　练:(1)—_______________ you like the car so much,why not drive it back?
　　—well,i can’t afford___________ car.
　　a.if;such big a b.now that;that big a
　　c.when;so a big d.now that;that a big
　　提示:由题干可知，第一空用now that，排除a、c两项；第二空中的that是副词，相当于so，应放在形容词前。故选b项。
　　答案:b
　　(2)____________ she is out of a job,lucy has been considering going back to school,but she hasn’t decided yet.
　　a.now that b.even though
　　c.no matter how d.except that
　　提示:句意为:因为lucy失业了，她一直在考虑返回学校，但到目前为止她还没有决定。
　　答案:a
　　2.sb.be said to do...据说……；人们说……
　　讲:注意观察下面教材原句:
　　we are said to be living in the ＂information age＂.
　　据说我们生活在＂信息时代＂。
　　例:he is said to be a clever student.
　　据说他是个聪明的学生。
　　he is said to have gone to the united states.
　　据说他去了美国。
　　链接•提示
　　(1)在sb.be said to do中还可以用sb.be said to be doing(据说某人在做……)或sb.be said to have done(据说某人已经做……)。该句型可以改成:it be said that....
　　(2)类似句型:
　　①it is believed that...人们相信……
　　②it is thought/suggested that...人们认为……
　　③it is hoped that...人们希望……
　　④it is reported that...据报道……
　　⑤it is announced that...据宣布……
　　练:(1)（XX山东潍坊统考）the king is said to___________ by the spider weaving its web in the cave where he was hiding and defeated his enemy at last.
　　a.be encouraged b.being encouraged
　　c.have been encouraged d.have encouraged
　　提示:本题考查动词不定式的时态和语态。根据by the spider可知要用被动形式，又由于不定式动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，故选c项。
　　答案:c
　　(2)(XX辽宁高考)it is said in the book that thomas edison(1847-1931)___________ the world leading inventor for sixty years.
　　a.would be b.has been
　　c.had been d.was
　　提示:从括号中提供的出生和去世的日期可以看出thomas edison现在已经去世，排除b项；由于没有时态对比，也不能用过去完成时，排除c项；a项不合题意；故选d项。
　　答案:d
　　辨析
　　1.be made from,be made of,be made in,be made into,be made up of
　　(1)be made of/from意为＂由……制成＂。用以制造的原材料已改变，在制成品中看不出原材料，用from;原料未改变，在制成品中仍看得出原材料，用of。
　　(2)be made in指产地，意为＂在……制造，由……制造＂。
　　(3)be made into意为＂将……制成＂。与以上短语不同，它的主语为原材料。
　　(4)be made up of指＂由……组成＂。
　　即时练习:
　　(1)these table are made____________ our factory.they were made______________ wood.
　　(2)wood can be made_____________ tables and other furniture.
　　(3)this kind of paper was made______________ rags.
　　(4)china is made____________ 56 nations.
　　(5)bamboo can be made_____________ many useful tools.
　　(6)the soil is made__________ the dead leaves of the trees above.
　　答案:(1)in,of (2)into (3)from (4)up of (5)into (6)from
　　2.try to,try doing
　　try to意为:试，尝试；试图。内含一种＂试图……但并没达到＂之意。而try doing 意为＂试着做，看有什么样的结果＂。
　　即时练习:
　　(1)don’t shout at him;he is only trying_______________(help).
　　(2)i’m going to try _____________ (cook)a paella this evening.
　　(3)i tried____________ (persuade)him and succeeded
　　(4)i tried___________ (persuade)him but in vain.
　　答案:(1)to help (2)cooking (3)persuading (4)to persuade
　　诱思：实例点拨
　　【例1】(XX北京海淀期末)there are many people ___________ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mail.
　　a.who b.that c.which d.whose
　　提示:本题考查定语从句的引导词。whose引导定语从句，又在从句中作only on-line activity的定语。
　　答案:d
　　【例2】(XX浙江高考)we’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found___________ we like yet.
　　a.one b.ones c.it d.them
　　提示:one指代上文出现的同一类事物中的一个，复数用ones；而it则指同一事或同一物。
　　答案:a
　　【例3】(XX全国高考ⅲ)there are altogether eleven books on the shelf,___________ five are mine.
　　a.on which b.in which
　　c.of which d.from which
　　提示:本题考查定语从句的用法。five of which表示＂其中的5本＂。
　　答案:c