unit1makingadifference teachinggoals: 1。talkaboutscienceandscientists 2。learnmoreabouttheinfinitive 3。practisedescribingpeopleanddebating teachingtime:6periods thefirstperiod teachingaims: 1。learnandmasterthefollowingwords: inspiration,perspiration,undertake,analysis,obvious,within,quote 2。talkaboutscienceandscientists。 3。listentothedescriptionofsomescientists。 4。dosomespeaking,describingpeopleanddebating。 teachingimportantpoints: 1。trainthestudents’listeningabilitybylisteningpractice。 2。trainthestudents’speakingabilitybytalkingaboutscienceandscientists,describingpeopleanddebating。 teachingdifficultpoints: 1。howtoimprovethestudents’listeningability。 2。howtohelpstudentsfinishthetaskofspeaking。 teachingmethods: 1。warminguptoarousethestudents’interestinscience。 2。listeningandansweringactivitytohelpthestudentsgothroughthelisteningmaterial。 3。inpidual,pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudentworkinclass。 teachingaids:1。amultimedia2。ataperecorder3。theblackboard teachingprocedures: stepiwarmingup 1。t:therearemanyoutstandingscientistsintheworld,whomadegreatcontributionstosocietyandscience。nowlookatthepicturesonpage1,tellmewhatarethesescientistsfamousfor? (bb)scientistscontributions mariacurieradiumpolonium alberteinsteinthetheoryofrelativity 2。t:welldone。ithinkyouareallinterestedinscienceandscientists。whatdoyouthinkmakesasuccessfulscientist?haveadiscussioninpairsorgroupsoffour。thenreporttheresultsofyourdiscussion。 (itisthewayheuseshistoolsthatmakesasuccessfulscientist。 asuccessfulscientistmusthavemuchimaginationandintelligenceandhemustbecreativeandhardworking。 asuccessfulscientistmustbeconfident,curiousandcareful。butwhatiliketoknowiswhatmadehimherinterestedinscience) t:nowlookatthequotesonpage1。doyouknowwhattheymean?anddoyouagree? 天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的灵感。 想象力比知识更重要。 生活中没有什么可怕的东西,只有需要理解的东西。 分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的头脑。 你不可能把一切教给一个人,你只能帮助他在他自己的认知范围内去发现和了解事物。 t:doyouknowanyotherquotesaboutscienceandthinking? wisdomisonlyfoundintruth。johannwolfgangvongoethe。 knowledgeispower。francisbacon。 stepiilistening t:ok。nowletsdosomelisteningpracticeonp2。wearegoingtolistentothedescriptionsofsomefamousscientists。readtherequirementsbyyourselvesquickly。listentothetapeforthefirsttimetogetageneralidea,andthentrytofinishtheexcerise。 stepiiispeaking t:nowlet’slookatthespeakingpartonp2。workingroupsoffive。eachgroupmemberrepresentsabranchofscience,egbiology,maths,chemistry,physics,computerscience。youaregoingtodebateeachothertoseewhichbranchofscienceisthemostimportantandusefulforsociety。firstyoushoulddecidewhowillrepresenteachbranchandthenprepareyourrolecardtodebate。youcanusetheexpressions。 stepivlanguagepoints(computer) 1ittakesaveryunusualmindtoundertaketheanalysisoftheobvious 分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的头脑。 (1)undertake(undertook,undertaken) vt承担(工作,责任等),承办名词 例:heundertookthedifficulttaskwillingly 他欣然承担那项困难的工作。 1willundertaketheresponsibilityforyou 我会为你负起责任。 vt。着手,进行,企图名词 例:heundertookanewexperiment 他着手一项新的实验。 (2)analysis复数形式analyses achemicalanalysis化学分析 wemadeacarefulanalysisoftheproblem 我们仔细分析了那个问题。 (3)obviousadj。(moreobvious,mostobvious) 明显的,明白的,显而易见的 obviouslyadv 例:hetoldheranobviouslie 他对她扯了一个明显的谎言。 itisobviousthat是显然的。 例:itisquiteobviousthathedidntdoithimself 显然他没有亲自去做。 itseemedobviousthathesufferedfromabadcold 显然他得了重感冒。 2thereisnodoubtthat毫无疑问 例:thereisnodoubtthatourteamwillwin 我队获胜是毫无疑问的。 idontdoubtthatwewillwinthegame(否定句用that) 我不怀疑我们将会赢得这场比赛。 doyoudoubtthathehaspassedthefinalexamination?(疑问句用that) 你怀疑他已通过期末考试了吗? idoubtwhetherheisthebestmanforthejob(肯定句用whether) 我怀疑他是否是担任那项工作的最适当人选。 homework previewthereadingmaterial。 reviewthewordsandexpressionsinthisperiod。 stepvthedesignofthewritingonthebb unit1makingadifference thefirstperiod scientistscontributions madamecurieradiumpolonium edisonthelightbulb einsteinthetheoryofrelativity recordafterteaching: thesecondamp;thirdperiod teachingaims: 1。learnandmastertheusefulwordsandphrases。 2。trainthestudents’readingability。 3。letthestudentslearnfromstephenhawking。 teachingimportantpoints: 1。masterthefollowingphrasesandsentencepattern: workon,goby,beengagedto,goonwithsth,dreamof,turnout thereisnopoint(in)doingsth。 2。enablethestudentstounderstandthetextbetter。 3。improvethestudents’readingability。 teachingdifficultpoints: 1。howtomakethestudentsunderstandthereadingtextbetter。 2。howtomakethestudentsunderstandthefollowingsentence。 theredidn’tseemmuchpointinworkingonthephd。 teachingmethods: 1。scanningthetexttogetsomeinformationabouthawking。 2。carefulreadingtoanswersomedetailedquestions。 3。discussionafterreadingthepassagetomakethestudentslearnhowtousethescientificmethodtosolvetheproblem。 4。inpidual,pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudentworkinclass。 teachingaids:1。acomputer2。ataperecorder3。theblackboard teachingprocedures: stepileadinandprereading t:yesterdaywelearntsomequotesfromsomescientists。nowlookatthepictureonthescreen。doyouknowwhothepersonis? (stephenhawking,oneofthegreatestphysicistsofourtime,abriefhistoryoftime)todaywearegoingtolearnapassageaboutstephenhawking。itwilltellushawking’sdetermination,thoughtsandsometheories。firstlet’slearnsomenewwordsandphrases。thenturntop3。lookatthequestionsinprereadingquicklyandthenscanthetextasquicklyaspossibleandfindtheanswerstothem。 answers:1becausehewantedajob。 2hawkingbecamefamousintheearly1970s,whenheandamericanrogerpenrosemadenewdiscoveriesaboutthebigbangandblackholes。 3inXX,hawkingvisitedchinaandspoketouniversitystudentsinhangzhouandbeijing。 stepiireading t:welldone。nowreadthepassageonceascarefullyaspossible。thenanswersomedetailedquestionsonthescreen。youmaydiscusstheminpairsifnecessary。 whatdidstephenhawkingdowhenhewastoldthathehadanincurabledisease? 1。howwouldmostpeoplefeelwhentheyweretoldthattheyhadincurabledisease? 2。whatdidhawkingwritein1988? 3。whatdidhawkingexplaininthebook? 4。accordingtohawking,howdopeoplemisunderstandscience? 5。whatarethebasicstepsofthescientificmethod? 6。whatisitthathawkingdoesn’tlikeabouthisspeechcomputer? stepiiilanguagepoints theredidntseemmuchpointinworkingonmyphdididntexpectosurvivethatlong8226; 取得博士学位对我来说没有什么意义,我没有期望活那么久。 phd(doctorofphilosophy)指博士学位 thereisnopointindoingsth表示做某事没有作用或没有意义。 例:thereisnopointinarguingfurther 继续争执下去没有意义了。 thereisnopointinprotestingitwon’thelpmuch 抗议没有什么用处,于事无补。 that在此处为副词,意为那么,可以修饰形容词。this也有此用法。 例:ididntexpecthewasthatrude 我没料到他会那么粗鲁。 ihaveneverbeenoutthislatebefore 我从未在外面呆到这么晚过。 pleasecutmyhairaboutthismuch 请把我的头发剪掉这么长。 4yettwoyearshadgonebyandiwasnotthatmuchworse 但两年过去了,我的情况却没那么糟糕。 goby意思是(时间)过去。 例:timewentbysoquicklywearealreadyattheendofoursummerholiday 时间过得真快,转眼我们已经要结束暑假了。 thirtyyearswentbyandherhairwasbeginningtoturngray 三十年过去了,她的头发开始变白了。 5infact,thingsweregoingratherwellformeandihadgottenengagedtoaverynicegirl,janwilde 事实上,事情发展得还挺顺利。我和一位非常好的女孩简8226;怀尔得订婚了。 getbeengagedtosb与某人订婚 例:didyouheartheyhavegotengagedlastmonth? 你有没有听说他们上个月订婚的消息? tomgotengagedtomary,whomhehadmetonthetrain 汤姆和玛丽订婚了,他们在火车上认识的。 beengagedin(on)ndoingsth从事(工作)的,忙于的 例:shewasengagedinprotectingwildbirds 她从事保护野生鸟类的工作。 rightnowi’mengaged 我现在正忙着。 beengaged(电话等)通话中的,占线中的,相当于美国英语的busy 例:thelinenumberisengaged。线路被占用。 engagementn订婚(to) 例:announceonesengagementto宣布与订婚 breakoffonesengagement解除婚约,解约 engagementring订婚戒指(戴在左手无名指上) 6scientists,ontheotherhand,hawkingwrites,knowthattheirjobisneverfinishedandthateventhebesttheorycanturnouttobewrong 霍金写到,从另一个方面说,科学家知道他们的工作是永无止境的,即使是最完美的理论,也可能是错误的。 turnouttobe结果是最后的情况是副形todothat 例:theweathermansaiditwasgoingtorainthisafternoonbutitturnedouttobeverylovely 天气预报说今天下午有雨,其实今天天气非常好。 thelectureturnedouttobeverydull 讲座结果很无聊。 everythingturnedoutwell一切顺遂。 therumorturnedout(tobe)true那谣言后来证明是真的。 itturnedout(that)twotravelershadbeenkilled 后来证实(查明)有两位旅客丧生。 turnoutvi。(为集会等)外出,去。 turnoutvt。(可分开用)关(熄灭)(煤气,电灯油灯等) turnoutvt。(可分开用)生产(产品),出产 例:thefactorycanturnoutl000carsaday 这家工厂一天能生产1000辆汽车。 7everyonehashisorherspecialskillsandinterests,andonlybydiscoveringwhatwedobestcanwehopetoreachourgoalsandtrulymakeadifference 每个人都有自己的专长和兴趣,只有发现自己的专长,我们才能期望达到自己的目标,真正与众不同。 only修饰介词短语或从句时,要求倒装。 例:onlyatthattimedidirealizeitsimportance 直到那时我才意识到它的重要性。 onlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourenglishstudy 只有这样你才能在英语学习上取得进步。 onlywhenyoufinishyourhomeworkcanyougoouttoplayfootball 只有当你完成作业你才能出去踢球。 only修饰主语时,通常置于主语之前。 例:onlyyouunderstandme只有你了解我。 only修饰主语以外时,通常置于动词之前(有be动词、助动词时,则置于其后) 例:sheonlyeatsvegetables她只吃蔬菜。 ionlylentyouthemoney那笔钱我只是借给你(不是给你)。 heonlyworkswhenhesgothomework 他只在有家庭作业时才做功课。 iveonlyseenhimonce 我只见过他一次。 8imaginethis:youaretwentyoneyearsoldandapromisinggraduatestudentatoneofthetopuniversitiesintheworld 想象一下这种情况:你二十一岁是世界最有名大学里的一个有希望的毕业生。 imagine名词 例:canyouimaginelifewithoutelectricity? 你能想像没有电的生活吗? thegir1triedtoimaginethegentlemanasherfather 这女孩试着把这位绅土想像成自己的父亲。 imaginedoing想像做8226; 例:ididntimaginebecomingawriterinmychildhood 在孩提时代,我并未想像成为一名作家。 imagine名(人)doing想像(某人)做 例:icantimaginehermarryinghim 我无法想像她和他结婚。 imagine(that)wh想像;想,推测(不可用进行时) 例:imagineyouareabird 想像你是一只鸟。 canyouimaginehowmuch1wassurprisedtoseeit? 你能想像我看见它后感到多么惊讶吗? iimagine(that)ihavemetyousomewherebefore 我想以前曾在哪里见过你。 canyouimaginewhatheisdoing? 你能猜测他在做什么吗? (just)imagine(it)!想想看! imagination(名)imaginative(形) promising(形)有希望的,有前途的,前途光明的 例:apromisingactress有前途的女演员 9sincethen,hawkinghascontinuedtoseekanswerstoquestionsaboutthenatureoftheuniverse 从那时起,霍金就继续寻求关于宇宙特征的问题的答案。 seek(forafter)名词搜寻,寻找;寻求,探求;追求 例:theysoughtshelterfromtherain 他们找寻避雨的地方。 hefounditworthlesstoseekfame 他发现追求名声是不值得的。 wemustseek(for)asolutiontotheproblem 我们必须寻求解决问题的方法。 seek名征求,请求, hesoughthisdoctorsadvice 他向医生请教(征求医生的意见)。 stepivlisteningandconsolidation t:nowi’llplaythetape。youcanfollowitinalowvoice。payattentiontoyourpronunciationandintonation。thendoexxinpostreading。 homework t:learnthewordsandphrasesbyheartandtrytousethemfreelyandcorrectly。readthetextfluentlyandrecitesomeimportantsentences。 thedesignofthewritingonthebb thefourthperiod teachingaims: reviewthewordslearntinthelasttwoperiods。 learnhowtoexplainthewordsinenglish。 learnandmastertheusagesoftheinfinitive。 teachingimportantpoints: mastertheusagesoftheinfinitive。 teachingdifficultpoints: 1。howtohelpthestudentslearntoexplainwordsinenglish。 2。howtohelpthestudentsmastertheusagesoftheinfinitive。 teachingmethods: 1。reviewmethodtohelpthestudentsrememberwhattheyhavelearntbefore。 2。explanationandinductivemethodstomakethestudentsmastertheusagesoftheinfinitive。 3。inpidualworkorpairworktomakeeverystudentworkinclass。 teachingaids:theblackboard teachingprocedures: stepirevision haveadictationofsomewordsandexpressions。。 stepiiwordstudy t:nowlet’sdoanextoseehowtoexplainsomewordsinenglish,accordingtothemeaningsofthesentences。pleaseturntop5。let’sdotheexinwordstudy。choosetheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordineachsentence。firstwe’lllearnanewphrase:useup。doitbyyourselfandyoucandiscussinpairs。 stepiiigrammar(详解见后) bb:1。hehopedtovisitchinaagain。 2。ittookalotoftimetofinishthereport。 3。pleasegivetheboysthtoplaywith。 4。hewenthometoseehissickmother。 5。herwishistobecomeapopsinger。 t:tellmethefunctionoftheunderlinedpartineachsentence。 s:no。1isusedastheobject。 s:no。2isusedasthesubject。itismoreusualtouseformalsubjectitandtheinfinitivephraseisusuallyplacedattheendofthesentence,thatisitistodosth。。 s:no。3isusedastheattribute。 s:no。4isusedastheadverbialforpurpose。 s:no。5isusedasthepredicative。 t:nowlet’sdoanexonthescreen。grouptheinfinitivesaccordingtohowtheyareused。 1。somethingsneed(1)tobebelieved(2)tobeseen。 2。thedoctortoldhimthathemaynothavemorethantwelvemonths(3)tolive。 3。(4)inordertogetmarried,ineededajob,and(5)inordertogetajob,ineededaphd。 4。readerswerepleasedandsurprised(6)tofindthatascientistcouldwriteabouthisworkinawaythatordinarypeoplecouldunderstand。 5。hetraveledaroundtheworld(7)togivelectures。 6。whatdoesitmean(8)tobeascientist? 7。peoplewholistentohawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficult(9)tounderstandhim。 8。(10)toexplainwhattheyhaveseen,theybuildatheoryabouthowthingshappenandthecausesandeffects。 s:subject:(8) attribute(2)(3) object(1)(9) adverbial(4)(5)(6)(7)(10) stepivpractice t:nowlet’sdosomeexercisesonp6,ex2andex3。rewritethesentenceswithtobedoneortohavebeendone。 hewantedthenursestotakecareofthepatient。 hewantedthepatienttobetakencareof。 becausethepatientisthelogicalobjectoftakecareof,thepassiveinfinitiveshouldbeusedinthesecondsentence。 thecarwasreportedtohavebeenstolen。 butwhentheactionexpressedbytheinfinitivehappensbeforethepredicate,theperfectinfinitiveshouldbeused。 homework finishalltheexerciseingrammar。previewthecontentinintegratingskills。 thedesignofthewritingonthebb thefifthperiod teachingaims: 1。revisethelanguagepointsandgrammartheinfinitive。 2。learnandmasterthefollowingphrases: takealookat,whatif,theotherwayaround 3。dosomereadingandwritingpracticetoimprovethestudents’integratingskills。 4。learnhowtowriteadescriptiveparagraph。 teachingimportantpoints: 1。improvethestudents’integratingskills。 2。helpthestudentswriteadescriptiveparagraph。 teachingdifficultpoints: 1。howtohelpthestudentsunderstandthepassagebetter。 2。howtohelpthestudentslearntowriteadescriptiveparagraph。 teachingmethods: 1。doingexxtorevisewhatwe’velearntbefore。 2。askingandansweringactivitytogothroughthereadingmaterial。 3。discussiontohelpthestudentsunderstandthepassagebetter。 4。inpidual,pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudentwork。 teachingaids:1。acomputer2。ataperecorder3。theblackboard teachingprocedures: stepirevision t:weknowthattheinfinitivecanbeusedasthesubject,object,adverbialandsoon。nowlet’sdosomeexxtoseeifyouhavemasteredthemwellenough。lookatthescreen。 1。(1)tolearnabouttheuniverse,youneed(2)tohaveatelescope(3)toobservethestarswith。 2。ittakestime(4)toknowaman。 3。pleaseremember(5)tobringmeabook。 4。i’vegotalotofwork(6)todo。 5。(7)inordertocatchthefirstbus,shegotupearly。 6。itisimportantforus(8)tolearnenglish。 subject:(4)(8) object:(2)(5) attribute:(3)(6) adverbial:(1)(7) t:let’sdoanotherex。fillintheblanks,usingtheinfinitive。 1。thegoalofstephenhawking’sresearchistoandtoishisbiggestdream。 2。thedoctorthoughtheonlyhadthreemoreyearsto,whichturnedout。 3。wetookataxito。wehurriedthere,onlyto。wewereunhappyto。 4。hestudiedhardto。 5。lunchisready。let’sstopto。 t:nowlet’srevisetheusefulexpressions。doanextoseewhetheryouhavemasteredthemwell。 1。heonedaybecomingafamousviolinist。 2。tomann。 3。twoweeksslowly。 4。hissuggestiontobeagoodone。 5。hehisink。 6。ifwedon’tfinishpaintingtheroomtoday,wecanittomorrow。 7。heanovel。 stepiireading t:thereweremanyscientistsintheworldinthepast,whosediscoveriesandinventionscanhelpusunderstandtheworldbetter。canyousayoutthenamesofsomescientistsandtheirdiscoveries? t:doyouknowwhyandhowtheymadetheseimportantdiscoveriesorinventions?thepassagetellsuswhatmakesthescientistsmadetheirdiscoveries。turntop7。readthepassagequicklyandthenanswersomequestionsonthescreen。 1。what’sthecharacteristicofgalileogalilei? 2。whycouldstephenhawkingmakecontributionstosciencework? 3。whatcanbedescribedastheabilitytouseknowledge? 4。what’sthemostimportantthingifwewanttomakeadifference? 5。howcanwehopetoreachourgoalsandtrulymakeadifference? t:i’llexplainsomeexpressionsandsentencestructures。 1。takealookat 2。whatif 3。theotherwayround 4。itwasonlylaterthattheworldrecognizedhisgreatness。 5。onlybydiscoveringwhatwedobestcanwehopetoreachourgoalsandtrulymakeadifference。 stepiiilisteninganddiscussion t:listentothetapetwice。thendiscussthequestionsinpairsorgroups。 1。ofallthecharacteristicsmentionedinthepassage,whichdoyouthinkisthemostimportant?why? 2。whatdogreatscientistslikestephenhawking,galileogalileiandzhanghenghaveincommon?findoutmoreaboutthemandhowtheyworkandthink:whatisthescientificspirit?howdoscientistssolveproblems?howdoscientistsmakeadifference?whatcanwelearnfromgreatscientists? usethequestionsbelowtogetstarted。 whatisthescientificspirit? howdoscientistssolveproblems? howdoscientistsmakeadifference? whatcanwelearnfromgreatscientists? stepivwriting t:whoisyourfavouritescientists?writeaparagraph。beforewriting,thinkaboutwhatyouwanttowriteandwhatthereadersneedtoknow。howcanyoubestdescribehimorher?whatisthemostimportantorinterestingfactaboutthescientist?whydoyoulikehimorher?listanoutlineofthepassage。thenwritesomeusefulsentencestohelpthem。 stepvhomework gooveralltheimportantpointslearntinthisunitandfinishyourwriting。 stepvithedesignofthewritingonthebb