Pyqtgraph是Python平台上一种功能强大的2D3D绘图库

　　1 说明：
　　=====
　　1.1 pyqtgraph是Python平台上一种功能强大的2D/3D绘图库，相当于matplotlib库，比它更强大。
　　1.2 由于内部实现方式上，使用了高速计算的numpy信号处理库以及Qt的GraphicsView框架。
　　1.3 环境：
　　华为笔记本电脑、深度deepin-linux操作系统、python3.8和微软vscode编辑器。
　　1.4 对开源的源代码进行删减、修改、注释和整理，突出重点，易于操作。
　　不在迷茫
　　2 安装：
　　=====
　　2.1 pyqtgraph库安装：pip install --user pyqtgraph #本机安装 #pip3.8 install -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple pyqtgraph #超快
　　2.2 PyQt5安装：需要配合pip install PyQt5 #文件太大，速度太慢 #本机安装，推荐国内源安装 pip3.8 install -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple PyQt5
　　2.3 小插曲：本机，每个电脑可能不一样。#在微软vscode编辑器中python中可以导出模块，报错 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26191513/opengl-error-in-python-pyqtgraph-opengl-items-glscatterplotitem-glscatterplot-it #发现这个包放错了 Requirement already satisfied: pyqtgraph in ./.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (0.10.0) #复制到 Requirement already satisfied: numpy in /usr/local/python3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pyqtgraph) (1.18.2) #root形式进入
　　2.4 官网：源码来源。https://github.com/pyqtgraph/pyqtgraph http://pyqtgraph.org/
　　官网的源码的一个动画，暂时不是本章重点讲解，本次讲解基础。
　　3 sin、cos：
　　========
　　3.1 sin和cos，代码放在一起，注释里有：import pyqtgraph as pg import numpy as np import array  app = pg.mkQApp()#建立app win = pg.GraphicsWindow()#建立窗口 win.setWindowTitle(＂pyqtgraph逐点画波形图＂) #窗口名称 win.resize(800, 500)#窗口大小  data = array.array(＂d＂) #可动态改变数组的大小,double型数组 historyLength = 100#横坐标长度 p = win.addPlot()#把图p加入到窗口中 p.showGrid(x=True, y=True)#把X和Y的表格打开 p.setRange(xRange=[0,historyLength], yRange=[-1.2, 1.2], padding=0) p.setLabel(axis=＂left＂, text=＂y / V＂)#靠左，y轴 p.setLabel(axis=＂bottom＂, text=＂x / point＂) #靠下，x轴 p.setTitle(＂y = sin(x)＂)#表格的名字 curve = p.plot()#绘制一个图形 idx = 0 #定义函数 def plotData():     global idx#内部作用域想改变外部域变量     tmp = np.sin(np.pi / 50 * idx)  #sin动态函数曲线     #tmp = np.cos(np.pi / 50 * idx)  #cos动态函数曲线     if len(data)This is the
　　PEAK           ＂, anchor=(-0.3,0.5), angle=20, border=＂w＂, fill=(0, 0, 255, 100)) plot.addItem(text) text.setPos(0, y.max())  #画箭头 arrow = pg.ArrowItem(pos=(0, y.max()), angle=-45) plot.addItem(arrow)  ## 设置动画和曲线 curvePoint = pg.CurvePoint(curve) plot.addItem(curvePoint) #text2是动态显示text text2 = pg.TextItem(＂test＂, anchor=(0.5, -1.0)) text2.setParentItem(curvePoint) arrow2 = pg.ArrowItem(angle=90) arrow2.setParentItem(curvePoint)  index = 0 def update():     global curvePoint, index     index = (index + 1) % len(x)     curvePoint.setPos(float(index)/(len(x)-1))     text2.setText(＂[%0.1f, %0.1f]＂ % (x[index], y[index]))      timer = QtCore.QTimer() timer.timeout.connect(update) timer.start(10) #every 10ms  if __name__ == ＂__main__＂:     QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()
　　3.4 效果图：
　　4 3D-GL模块调用的效果图：
　　4.1 代码：# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #导出模块 from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtCore, QtGui import pyqtgraph as pg import pyqtgraph.opengl as gl import numpy as np  ## Create a GL View widget to display data，GL模块 app = QtGui.QApplication([]) w = gl.GLViewWidget() w.show() w.setWindowTitle(＂pyqtgraph example: GLSurfacePlot＂) w.setCameraPosition(distance=50)  ## Add a grid to the view g = gl.GLGridItem() g.scale(2,2,1) g.setDepthValue(10)  w.addItem(g)  #P1图 z = pg.gaussianFilter(np.random.normal(size=(50,50)), (1,1)) p1 = gl.GLSurfacePlotItem(z=z, shader=＂shaded＂, color=(0.5, 0.5, 1, 1)) p1.scale(16./49., 16./49., 1.0) p1.translate(-18, 2, 0) w.addItem(p1)  #P2图 x = np.linspace(-8, 8, 50) y = np.linspace(-8, 8, 50) z = 0.1 * ((x.reshape(50,1) ** 2) - (y.reshape(1,50) ** 2)) p2 = gl.GLSurfacePlotItem(x=x, y=y, z=z, shader=＂normalColor＂) p2.translate(-10,-10,0) w.addItem(p2)  #P3图 z = pg.gaussianFilter(np.random.normal(size=(50,50)), (1,1)) x = np.linspace(-12, 12, 50) y = np.linspace(-12, 12, 50) colors = np.ones((50,50,4), dtype=float) colors[...,0] = np.clip(np.cos(((x.reshape(50,1) ** 2) + (y.reshape(1,50) ** 2)) ** 0.5), 0, 1) colors[...,1] = colors[...,0]  p3 = gl.GLSurfacePlotItem(z=z, colors=colors.reshape(50*50,4), shader=＂shaded＂, smooth=False) p3.scale(16./49., 16./49., 1.0) p3.translate(2, -18, 0) w.addItem(p3)  #P4图：动画 cols = 90 rows = 100 x = np.linspace(-8, 8, cols+1).reshape(cols+1,1) y = np.linspace(-8, 8, rows+1).reshape(1,rows+1) d = (x**2 + y**2) * 0.1 d2 = d ** 0.5 + 0.1  phi = np.arange(0, np.pi*2, np.pi/20.) z = np.sin(d[np.newaxis,...] + phi.reshape(phi.shape[0], 1, 1)) / d2[np.newaxis,...]  p4 = gl.GLSurfacePlotItem(x=x[:,0], y = y[0,:], shader=＂heightColor＂, computeNormals=False, smooth=False) p4.shader()[＂colorMap＂] = np.array([0.2, 2, 0.5, 0.2, 1, 1, 0.2, 0, 2]) p4.translate(10, 10, 0) w.addItem(p4)  index = 0 def update():     global p4, z, index     index -= 1     p4.setData(z=z[index%z.shape[0]])      timer = QtCore.QTimer() timer.timeout.connect(update) timer.start(30)  if __name__ == ＂__main__＂:     QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()
　　4.2 效果图：
　　4.3 代码：from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtCore, QtGui import pyqtgraph.opengl as gl  app = QtGui.QApplication([]) w = gl.GLViewWidget() w.opts[＂distance＂] = 20 w.show() w.setWindowTitle(＂pyqtgraph example: GLViewWidget＂)  ax = gl.GLAxisItem() ax.setSize(5,5,5) w.addItem(ax)  b = gl.GLBoxItem() w.addItem(b)  ax2 = gl.GLAxisItem() ax2.setParentItem(b)  b.translate(1,1,1)  if __name__ == ＂__main__＂:     #import sys     #if (sys.flags.interactive != 1) or not hasattr(QtCore, ＂PYQT_VERSION＂):         #QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()     QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_() #采用简化的，注意
　　4.4 效果图：
　　4.5 立方体代码：# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #导出模块 from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtCore, QtGui import pyqtgraph as pg import pyqtgraph.opengl as gl import numpy as np #基本初始化定义 app = QtGui.QApplication([]) w = gl.GLViewWidget() w.show() w.setWindowTitle(＂pyqtgraph example: GLMeshItem＂) #标题名 w.setCameraPosition(distance=40) #设置摄像机位置  g = gl.GLGridItem() g.scale(2,2,1) w.addItem(g) ## Example 1: verts = np.array([     [0, 0, 0],     [2, 0, 0],     [1, 2, 0],     [1, 1, 1], ]) faces = np.array([     [0, 1, 2],     [0, 1, 3],     [0, 2, 3],     [1, 2, 3] ]) colors = np.array([     [1, 0, 0, 0.3],     [0, 1, 0, 0.3],     [0, 0, 1, 0.3],     [1, 1, 0, 0.3] ])  ## Mesh item will automatically compute face normals. m1 = gl.GLMeshItem(vertexes=verts, faces=faces, faceColors=colors, smooth=False) m1.translate(5, 5, 0) m1.setGLOptions(＂additive＂) w.addItem(m1)  ## Example 2: ## Array of vertex positions, three per face，3角体 verts = np.empty((36, 3, 3), dtype=np.float32) theta = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 37)[:-1] verts[:,0] = np.vstack([2*np.cos(theta), 2*np.sin(theta), [0]*36]).T verts[:,1] = np.vstack([4*np.cos(theta+0.2), 4*np.sin(theta+0.2), [-1]*36]).T verts[:,2] = np.vstack([4*np.cos(theta-0.2), 4*np.sin(theta-0.2), [1]*36]).T      ## Colors are specified per-vertex colors = np.random.random(size=(verts.shape[0], 3, 4)) m2 = gl.GLMeshItem(vertexes=verts, vertexColors=colors, smooth=False, shader=＂balloon＂,                     drawEdges=True, edgeColor=(1, 1, 0, 1)) m2.translate(-5, 5, 0) w.addItem(m2)  ## Example 3: ## sphere，球 md = gl.MeshData.sphere(rows=10, cols=20) colors = np.ones((md.faceCount(), 4), dtype=float) colors[::2,0] = 0 colors[:,1] = np.linspace(0, 1, colors.shape[0]) md.setFaceColors(colors) m3 = gl.GLMeshItem(meshdata=md, smooth=False)#, shader=＂balloon＂) m3.translate(5, -5, 0) w.addItem(m3)  # Example 4: # wireframe，火焰 md = gl.MeshData.sphere(rows=4, cols=8) m4 = gl.GLMeshItem(meshdata=md, smooth=False, drawFaces=False, drawEdges=True, edgeColor=(1,1,1,1)) m4.translate(0,10,0) w.addItem(m4)  # Example 5: # cylinder，圆柱体 md = gl.MeshData.cylinder(rows=10, cols=20, radius=[1., 2.0], length=5.) md2 = gl.MeshData.cylinder(rows=10, cols=20, radius=[2., 0.5], length=10.) colors = np.ones((md.faceCount(), 4), dtype=float) colors[::2,0] = 0 colors[:,1] = np.linspace(0, 1, colors.shape[0]) md.setFaceColors(colors) m5 = gl.GLMeshItem(meshdata=md, smooth=True, drawEdges=True, edgeColor=(1,0,0,1), shader=＂balloon＂) colors = np.ones((md.faceCount(), 4), dtype=float) colors[::2,0] = 0 colors[:,1] = np.linspace(0, 1, colors.shape[0]) md2.setFaceColors(colors) m6 = gl.GLMeshItem(meshdata=md2, smooth=True, drawEdges=False, shader=＂balloon＂) m6.translate(0,0,7.5)  m6.rotate(0., 0, 1, 1) w.addItem(m5) w.addItem(m6)  QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()  #这种方法：注意有三种方法结尾
　　4.6 效果图：
　　以上是总体介绍，以后有空做逐个详细介绍。也可以自己学习。
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