美论坛中国究竟是如何窃取美国技术的？外网友贼喊捉贼

　　今天的美国以捍卫知识产权的斗士乃至保护知识产权的判官自居，每年发布报告对100多个国家的知识产权保护情况进行审查，但翻开美国华丽包装的创新史，扉页上歪歪斜斜地写着＂窃取＂两个大字。
　　1783年，独立战争结束后，美国尝试走工业化道路，首先想到的就是从当时的头号工业强国英国窃取。大力招揽带来纺织设备和技术的英国纺织工人，甚至直接派商业间谍去英国偷窃机器图纸。从这开始，美国就通过刺探情报、吸引移民、垄断专利和制定配套政策等多种手段从英国获取纺织、机器制造、煤炭冶炼等技术。
　　二战结束后，美国政府更是通过＂回形针行动＂全面掠夺德国的科学和工业知识，不仅将上千名前纳粹科学家和工程师接收乃至强行转移到美国，美国的＂回形针计划＂没收了数千万页的文件、无数吨的设备和产品样品，这被认为可能是有史以来最大的知识产权盗窃案。类似案例不尽其数。
　　但在今天，美国人开始指责我们窃取他们的科学技术，在美国的论坛Quora上，就有美国网友发起这样一个话题：中国究竟是如何窃取美国技术的？  这个话题也是引起不少美国以及各个国家网友的吐槽，我们选取了几个有代表性的观点，让我们来看看他们是怎么说的吧。
　　论坛话题：中国究竟是如何窃取美国技术的?
　　澳洲网友的观点
　　In my opinion, this statement is too naive. The United States is the world＂s most advanced country in science and technology today, with not only high-end technology but also global talent. So in a country that has been technologically strong for more than 100 years, the U.S. has a long history of exporting money and technology to foreign countries, how come there is only one ＂thief＂, China? If technology is so easily stolen, I am afraid that all countries in the world can enjoy the ＂benefits＂ brought by the United States, but this is not the case.
　　在我看来，这种说法太天真了。美国是当今世界科技最先进的国家，不仅拥有高端技术，而且拥有全球人才。那么，作为一个拥有100多年科技强国的国家，美国向外国输出资金和技术的历史悠久，为什么只有一个＂小偷＂——中国?如果技术如此容易被窃取，恐怕世界上所有国家都能享受到美国带来的＂好处＂，但事实并非如此。
　　Moreover, how is the theft of technology portrayed as easy as drinking water for the only existing superpower after World War II? There is only one answer: China has never engaged in so-called technology theft, and its technological development has been based on self-reliance combined with active learning from advanced foreign technologies. I can＂t think of any explanation for the smear campaign against China for technology theft other than a politically motivated attack.
　　此外，对于二战后唯一的超级大国来说，窃取技术怎么就像喝水一样容易呢?答案只有一个:中国从来没有搞过所谓的技术盗窃，中国的技术发展始终是自力更生，积极学习国外先进技术的基础。除了出于政治动机的攻击，我想不出任何对中国技术盗窃的抹黑运动的解释。
　　Secondly, China is not a country that has been technologically backward for a long time as the Western media has made it out to be. Since its establishment in 1949, the People＂s Republic of China has been developing rapidly and has made amazing achievements in science and technology; China has been able to build its own cars, airplanes, large ships, and large bridges; at the same time, it has been able to synthesize bovine insulin and artemisinin, and has grown hybrid rice, which has greatly improved food production; more importantly, China More importantly, China has long possessed atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, artificial satellites and missile technology.
　　其次，中国并不是西方媒体所描绘的长期技术落后的国家。中华人民共和国自1949年成立以来，发展迅速，在科学技术方面取得了惊人的成就;中国已经有能力建造自己的汽车、飞机、大船和大桥;同时，它已经能够合成牛胰岛素和青蒿素，并种植了杂交水稻，大大提高了粮食产量;更重要的是，中国早已拥有原子弹、氢弹、人造卫星和导弹技术。
　　It can be said that China has long been a country that is more advanced in some aspects of science and technology and has a complete industrial system, and there is no such thing as China trying to steal technology from all sides, as some Western media portray.
　　可以说，中国在某些科技方面早就是一个比较先进的国家，拥有完整的工业体系，不存在一些西方媒体所描绘的中国试图从各个方面窃取技术。
　　Finally, China＂s integration into the world economy through reform and opening up after the 1980s has naturally led to much cooperation with the West. China contributed manpower and resources, the West contributed capital and technology, and China incidentally learned technology and accumulated modernization experience in the process.
　　最后，20世纪80年代以后，中国通过改革开放融入世界经济，自然与西方进行了大量合作。中国贡献了人力和资源，西方贡献了资本和技术，中国在这一过程中偶然学习了技术，积累了现代化经验。
　　This is an inevitable process of modernization, but it has been discredited by some ulterior media in the United States as China＂s long-term theft of the technology in question. So, objectively speaking, is the United States also making a lot of money by investing in the Chinese market? Technology relocation is also a market practice of paying with one hand and delivering with the other, which is not understood in the capitalist world, where the market economy is prized?
　　这是一个不可避免的现代化进程，但却被美国一些别有用心的媒体抹黑为中国长期窃取相关技术。那么，客观地说，美国在中国市场投资是否也赚了很多钱?技术转移也是一种一手支付一手交付的市场实践，这在推崇市场经济的资本主义世界是无法理解的。
　　The United States gained wealth and China gained development, which is a good thing, but because the United States is dissatisfied with the rapid development of Chinese technology and stigmatized as a unilateral theft of China? Historically, the spread of science and technology has been accompanied by market trading practices and imitation. German goods were once criticized as counterfeit British goods, but now is a manufacturing powerhouse, is it the Germans stole the technology of the British?
　　美国获得了财富，中国获得了发展，这是一件好事，但因为美国不满中国技术的快速发展，被污蔑为单方面窃取中国?历史上，科学技术的传播一直伴随着市场交易行为和模仿。德国货曾经被批评为假冒英国货，但现在是制造业强国，难道是德国人偷了英国人的技术?
　　▲1946年，104名纳粹德国火箭专家在＂回形针行动＂中被带到美国得州布利斯堡。
　　The United States has only started to catch up since the second industrial revolution, so is the United States stole the technology of the old industrial powers such as Britain and France? How did the transfer of technology, which has occurred countless times in world history, turn into theft when it came to China? This is just the inevitable result of China＂s subconscious development. Therefore, it is enough to see the absurdity of this statement, which is a smear with ulterior motives.
　　美国从第二次工业革命开始才开始追赶，那么美国是不是偷了英法等老牌工业强国的技术?世界历史上发生过无数次的技术转让，到了中国，怎么会变成盗窃呢?这只是中国潜意识发展的必然结果。因此，足以看出这种说法的荒谬性，这是别有用心的抹黑。
　　美国网友的观点
　　What an arrogance to accuse a country of stealing.
　　指责一个国家偷窃，真是傲慢。
　　We have been plundering for a very long time, and bigger of them all is brain drain. We offer huge incentives for the people to come to us to work and benefit from their expertise. We offered doctorates and post docs understanding that we can then keep the best.
　　美国航天局局长尼尔森为＂要钱＂竟称中国一直靠＂剽窃＂美国的航天技术来发展航天事业
　　我们已经掠夺了很长一段时间，其中更大的问题是人才流失。我们为来我们这里工作并从他们的专业知识中受益的人们提供了巨大的激励。我们提供了博士学位和博士后学位，这样我们就能留住最好的人才。
　　There is far more that goes into producing something than just the patents and manufacturing. Without the skilled people to run a production much is simply of no use at all.
　　生产某样东西要付出的远不止专利和制造。没有熟练的人来管理生产，很多东西根本没有用。
　　American business have been in business for stealing for a very long time; the bigger the corporations the bigger. Small companies invent, large ones purchases them. These corporations never gave a damn wether it is another US company or one in the most remote corner of the world.
　　美国商界长期以来一直存在偷窃行为;公司越大，规模就越大。小公司发明，大公司购买。这些公司从来不在乎它是另一家美国公司还是世界上最偏远的角落。
　　This was okay, after all we have been the beneficiaries. However, when others do in kind then we cry foul? Text book case of hypocrisy.
　　这没什么，毕竟我们都是受益者。然而，当别人以同样的方式对待我们时，我们就哭哭啼啼了?这是教科书式的伪善案例。
　　Sad truth is that the US is 1) no longer the leading country in many advanced technologies, and 2) without foreign brain many US corporations would soon cease to exist.
　　If we look at the student enrollment in universities then one quickly sees that ＂money＂ and ＂status,＂ as well as ＂easy As＂ are the classes filled with Americans. Hard sciences? Remove the foreign students and many classes will be cancelled due to insufficient enrollment.
　　可悲的事实是，美国1)不再是许多先进技术的领先国家，2)没有外国人才，许多美国公司很快就会不复存在。如果我们看看大学的招生情况，就会很快发现，＂有钱＂、＂地位＂以及＂易得a＂的班级里都是美国人。自然科学?由于留学生人数不足，许多课程将被取消。
　　Best example are these two: Remove the Indians from Intel and Intel will no longer exist. Remove the Russian mathematicians from Silicon Valley and there will be trouble.
　　最好的例子是这两个:把印度人从英特尔赶出去，英特尔将不复存在。把俄罗斯数学家赶出硅谷，就会有麻烦。
　　And then we have the audacity to claim other countries steal our inventions.
　　May be time to get our act together is where we ought to focus.
　　然后我们还厚颜无耻地声称其他国家窃取了我们的发明。也许是时候团结起来了这才是我们应该关注的。
　　俄罗斯网友的观点
　　Technology can’t be ‘stolen’ in principle.  Technology is ‘knowledge’ and one can’t steal knowledge, but only gain/acquire it, well, because you aren’t taking it away from anyone. The desire to limit the sharing of knowledge is on the barbaric side of things and in principle can only be marginally and temporarily effective. There is no ‘hidden sacred knowledge’ in physics or materials science, much less engineering. Furthermore, there are very few tech packages out there that you can’t just purchase.
　　技术原则上是不能＂窃取＂的。技术是＂知识＂，一个人不能窃取知识，只能获得它，因为你不能从任何人那里夺走它。限制知识分享的愿望是野蛮的一面，原则上只能产生有限的、暂时的效果。在物理学或材料科学中没有＂隐藏的神圣知识＂，更不用说工程学了。此外，市面上很少有你不能购买的技术包。
　　The reality is that there hadn’t been many significant technological advancements made by humanity in the last 50 years or so . So it is only natural for technological discrepancy across the world to be disappearing. Airplanes that we use today are largely the same thing as in the 1960s-1970s - only the engine fan size got bigger and there is more computers involved. Nuclear power plants are the same thing, albeit, smaller form-factors with improved safety are more popular now. Electronics got quite a bit more outwardly advanced but operate largely similarly and on the same fundamental technology. Internet isn’t much of a tech advancement in itself. The big advancements of late had been in the fields of LEDs and applied genetics + efficiency.
　　现实是，在过去50年左右的时间里，人类并没有取得太多重大的技术进步。因此，世界各地的技术差异消失是很自然的。我们今天使用的飞机在很大程度上与20世纪60 - 70年代的飞机相同，只是发动机风扇的尺寸变大了，涉及的计算机也更多了。核电站也是如此，尽管体积更小、安全性更高的核电站现在更受欢迎。电子产品在表面上更加先进，但在很大程度上是相似的，基于相同的基础技术。互联网本身并不是什么技术进步。最近的重大进展是在led和应用遗传效率领域。
　　And what does the US even have to be ‘stolen’?  Can you name a few worth the while US-exclusive technologies that one would need to go out to ‘steal’? What are we even talking about here? Software development? That isn’t exclusive. Aerospace design? That is essentially at the same level as in the 1970s save some minor bells and whistles. Pharma/Biotech? China is more advanced than the US in these regards already. What? The US politicians claim that China stole something… but fail to mention what exactly was stolen.
　　美国有什么可以被＂偷走＂的?你能说出几个值得去＂偷＂的美国专有技术吗?我们到底在说什么?软件开发吗?这不是排他性的。航空航天设计?这基本上与20世纪70年代的水平相同，除了一些次要的花里胡哨。制药/生物技术吗?在这些方面，中国已经比美国更先进。什么?美国政客声称中国偷了一些东西，但没有提到具体偷了什么。
　　China gets technology in several ways : it being given to it by e.g. the US corporations; China purchasing US corporations and IP and the Chinese people studying tech in universities across the World. Firstly, your iPhone and laptop has been manufactured in China - meaning that all that tech was given to China.
　　中国通过几种方式获得技术:例如，美国公司提供技术;中国购买美国公司和知识产权，中国人在世界各地的大学学习技术。首先，你的iPhone和笔记本电脑是在中国制造的，这意味着所有的技术都给了中国。
　　China having an extreme trade misbalance with the US has lots of excess dollars which she uses to buy whatever is for sale. And as such China over the years has bought lots of companies owning patents. Especially when these companies are up for grabs due to failing. University education is self-explanatory. I don’t think that neither activity classifies as ‘stealing’.
　　中国对美国有严重的贸易失衡，有大量过剩的美元，她用这些美元购买任何可以出售的东西。因此，中国多年来收购了许多拥有专利的公司。尤其是当这些公司因为失败而被收购的时候。大学教育是不言而喻的。我不认为这两种行为都属于＂偷窃＂。
　　加拿大网友的观点
　　When my son and I visited China in the year 2000 part of our tour was to the then-under construction Three Gorges Dam. The project was of particular interest to we Canadians because China had bought two massive electrical generators to install in the dam. As part of the deal, China required that they have the technology rights to produce copies of those generators (technology transfer agreements) and they successfully did so to produce the many other generators required.
　　2000年，我和儿子访问中国时，我们参观了当时正在建设中的三峡大坝。我们加拿大人对这个项目特别感兴趣，因为中国购买了两台大型发电机安装在大坝上。作为协议的一部分，中国要求他们拥有生产这些发电机副本的技术权利(技术转让协议)，他们成功地做到了这一点，生产了所需的许多其他发电机。
　　I believe that many purchases by China of out-of-country technology has the technology transfer agreement written into the contract. This does not meet the definition of ＂stealing＂ but seems to be a very shrewd business practice that benefits China for the long term future.
　　我相信，中国在购买国外技术时，很多都把技术转让协议写进了合同。这并不符合＂偷窃＂的定义，但似乎是一种非常精明的商业行为，有利于中国的长期未来。
　　中国网友的观点
　　China does not need to steal. Most of the world＂s scientific research is public. Or you can buy it. In fact, scientists often communicate with each other, and a large number of Chinese scientists can promote global technology. If someone has an idea, it will be published in a public magazine. As long as a country has money, it can promote and improve the technology.
　　中国不需要偷窃。世界上大部分的科学研究都是公开的。或者你可以买。事实上，科学家之间经常交流，大量的中国科学家可以促进全球技术的发展。如果有人有了一个想法，它就会发表在公共杂志上。一个国家只要有钱，就可以推广和改进技术。
　　There is also frequent international cooperation, such as nuclear fusion technology, which involves the United States, China, India, and France to conduct collaborative research. There are many similar projects. International technology itself is shared.
　　国际合作也很频繁，比如核聚变技术，美国、中国、印度、法国都参与了合作研究。类似的项目还有很多。国际技术本身是共享的。
　　Only patents belong to the United States. Patents and technology are not a thing
　　专利只属于美国。但专利和技术不能一概而论。
　　Most of the time the media publicizes China＂s theft just to make people hate China, which can alleviate domestic contradictions. You can also win votes. I remember that the slogan was that the Chinese stole American jobs. When everyone did n’t pay attention to this topic, the government would publicize that the Chinese stole technology. If Americans don＂t care about this topic, Trump will say that the Chinese stole American underwear, the Chinese stole American thinking, the Chinese stole American freedom and democracy, and the Chinese stole American pillows. In short, you need to hate China instead of me. I am saving you. Please vote for me.
　　大多数时候媒体宣传中国的盗窃行为只是为了让人们讨厌中国，这可以缓解国内的矛盾。你还可以赢得选票。我记得当时的口号是中国人偷走了美国人的工作。当所有人都不关注这个话题的时候，政府就会宣传中国人窃取技术。如果美国人不关心这个话题，特朗普就会说中国人偷了美国的内衣，中国人偷了美国的思想，中国人偷了美国的自由和民主，中国人偷了美国的枕头。简而言之，你应该恨中国而不是我。我在救你。请投我一票。
　　Because the technology that can be stolen is certainly worthless. If it is valuable technology, it will be protected well.
　　因为可以被窃取的技术肯定是毫无价值的。如果是有价值的技术，就会得到很好的保护。
　　If China could steal the technology, why would China buy German high-speed rail technology, it would cost 200 million US dollars.
　　如果中国可以窃取技术，为什么当时还需要2亿美元购买德国高铁技术。