Unit4AttitudestowardsOurEldersgrammar学案

　　省略一 概述 省略是一种修辞,它的使用主要是为了避免重复,它不仅适用于书面语,而且在口语中更加明显.1 概念 为了表达简洁,或重点突出,常省去某个词,短语,甚至句子.这种形式就叫省略.he said <that> he would pay a visit to the great wall the next week.he is only alive and <is> healthy.当在英语中也有许多的固定省略结构,这种省略其实是一种约定的历史文化,我们不需将其补充完整,即使按照语法可以这样做,也没有必要.如:no pains, no gainsseeing is believingout of sight, out of mind2 省略的目的和遵循的原则省略有两个目的1>语言简洁,结构紧凑.i wonder when and where to hold the meeting<when=when to hold the meeting>---i＂ll give you a necklace as a birthday gift---really? but when? <when=when you will give it to me>2>重点突出,目标明确will you tell me by whom and for whom it was ordered ?<by whom=it was ordered by whom>---who will be sent to carry out the plan?---johnson它遵循的原则是不破坏结构或引起歧义they visiting and we will be visiting the heaven temple应改为 they are and we will be visiting the heaven temple二 省略句的应用<一>简单句中的省略1 主语的省略1>第一人称省略<i> hope to see you again2>第二人称在祈使句中的省略go and see who it isdon＂t open the widow, or you may catch a cold3>第三人称的省略<she> doesn＂t look well<it is a>pity he won＂t help2 动词的省略1>助动词省略,多在口语中hi,tom, where you going?2>主动词省略.mary doesn＂t speak french, but jim does.tom can speak english, and so can lucy.---jim has passed the exam---so he has and so have you3>系动词省略<are >you hungry?4>there be 句型的省略<there> ought to be nobody in the classroom<is there>anything i can do for you?5>在独立主格结构中being ;having been 的省略,一般只适用于其后是介词或短语,如果是名词不省略the meeting <being>over, they went homebook <being> in hand, he entered the room.it being sunday, we did＂t go to school.6>不定式 to 后动词的省略。这类动词有expect,like ,wish,hope,prefer;love;intend,mean,refuse等----would you like to attend the party?----i＂d like to另外，在have to;need to ＂ought to;be going to;used to后也省略主动词i don＂t like to stay up late,but i used toi don＂t want to meet the man,but i had to<二>从句中的省略1 定语从句中的省略1>作宾语的关系代词which;that;whom的省略do you know the girl <whom> i talked to just now?have you seen the bike<which/that>i bought from tom?如果定语从句中的动词后的介词，放到关系代词前，那么关系代词不能省略。2>作状语的关系副词when/where/why的省略that was the last time <when> i met him2 状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be.1>连词<when;if;even if;unless;once;until;as;than>+pphe did the work as well as expectedi won＂t attend the party even if invited2>连词〈when;while;though>+doingi came across him when crossing on the street.though working in such poor conditions ,he still finished the work on time.3>连词<as,as if ,once>+名词once a thief,he works as a policeman now.4>连词<though,whether,when,if>+形容词if necessary, please apologize to her5>连词<,while,as if ,whether>+介词短语while in england, he learned a foreign language.另外，我们也可以用so; not 替代上文中的内容，此时常用if so/notwork hard around the clock. if so, you will succeed.you should finish the work on time. if not, you will be punished在某些形容词glad; ready; pleased ;happy 等后。---will you carry out the plan?---i＂m glad to假如语境中有表示时态的have, have been,和be，常在答句中表现出来。---why haven＂t you attended the lecture ?---i＂d like to have, but it rained heavily练习：
　　1. tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him______.
　　a．not to b．not to do c．not to it d．do not to
　　2. —do you think jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?
　　—_______.
　　a．i believe not b．i believe not so c．i don’t believe it d．i don’t believe
　　3. —what do you thing made the girl so glad?
　　—_______a beautiful necklace.
　　a．as she received b．receiving
　　c．received d．because of receiving
　　4. father advised me not to say anything until_ _______at the meeting.
　　a．asking b．to ask c．asked d．ask
　　5. —have you watered the flowers?
　　—no, but_______.
　　a．i am b．i’m going c．i’m just going to d．i will go
　　6. —he hasn’t gone to the office up to now.
　　—well, he_______.
　　a．should b．ought to c．ought to go d．ought to have
　　7. —the war is very likely to break out in the near future.
　　—i_____ if the situation goes as it is.
　　a．hope so b．hope not c．am afraid not d．am afraid so
　　8. —you ought to have given them some advice.
　　—______,but who cared what i said?
　　a．so ought you b．so i ought c．so i did d．so did you
　　9. the man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______whether he was going in the right direction.
　　a．seeing b．having seen c．to see d．to have sen
　　10. ______he come, the problem would be settled.
　　a．would b．should c．shall d．if
　　11. —can i see you at 3:00 pm next monday?
　　—i______. i will have flown to new york long before then.
　　a．am afraid not b．am afraid so c．am afraid to d．am afraid not to
　　12. —is that a book on farming? if so, i want to borrow_______.
　　—yes, it is.
　　a．this b．it c．one d．the one
　　13. _______, i will help you with your work.
　　a．if i am possible b．if it possible c．if possible d．possible
　　14. —how are you getting on with your work?
　　—oh, i’m sorry. things aren’t going so well as______.
　　a．plans b．planning c．planned d．to plan
　　15. —are you a volunteer now?
　　—no, but i_________. i worked for the city sports meeting last year,
　　a．used to b．used to be c．used to do d．was used to
　　答案与解析：
　　1．a 不定式作宾语补足语时，其后的内容常被省略，只保留不定式符号to。
　　2．a
　　3．b receiving a beautiful necklace后面省略了前文中的made the girl so glad。
　　4．c 状语从句中省略了i was。
　　5．c
　　6．d 承前省略的不定式后有助动词have时，不定式等号to后要保留have。
　　7．d
　　8．c
　　9．c as if to see是as if he was going to see的活力说法。
　　10．b 此处是对将来情况的假设。虚拟条件句的谓语部分有should, had或were时，可把if省去，而把should, had或were放在从句的主语之前，构成主谓部分倒装。
　　11．a
　　12．b
　　13．c if possible是if it is possible的活力说法。
　　14．c
　　15．b