Unit1GreatScientistsGrammar学案

　　过去分词作定语和表语-- look at the excited boy! why  is he so happy?-- he has got the first prize in  the contest.-- no wonder he is excited!一、过去分词作定语1. 前置定语被动意义：an respected guest 一位受尊敬的客人how many finished products have you got up to now?=how many products that have been finished have you got up to now?到现在为止，你已经得到多少成品？完成意义：a retired worker 一位退休的工人the children are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.=the children are cleaning the leaves that have fallen in the yard.孩子们正在打扫院子里的落叶。总结：________的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之______, 作前置定语。表示________和________的意义。2.后置定语things seen are better than things heard.=things which are seen are better than things which are heard.眼见最好。this will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=this will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.这将是这类小说中写得最好的。总结：过去分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之______，作后置定语，作用相当于一个____________。注意：① 如被修饰的词是 something, anything, everything, nothing ,-one, -body以及those等, 分词放在被修饰词的后面。do you have anything unfinished? 你还有什么没完成的事吗？he is one of those kidnapped. 他是那些被绑架的人之一。② 单个分词也可以作后置定语, 用以强调动作。 they decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。③ 不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成, 无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。 fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves正在下落的树叶　 　a developed country发达国家 a developing country发展中国家　the boiled water(凉）开水  the boiling water沸水 二、过去分词作表语the teacher seemed quite delighted at the idea.when we heard of the story, we were deeply moved.his hair is nearly all gone.过去分词作表语表示主语的_________和_________。注意：①作表语的过去分词，________的意味很弱，主要表示动作的_______和某一_______，相当于一个形容词。the boat is broken.the street is crowded.②表示______的过去分词：disappointed, excited, surprised, pleased… 表示______的过去分词：lost, known, married,dressed,gone,drunk… later they found that they were lost. the happy time is gone.③过去分词作表语：强调____________________ 被动语态： 强调____________________ my glasses are broken. (________)my glasses were broken by my little daughter. (________)he was surprised at the news. (________)i was greatly surprised by a knock at the door. (________)practice:1. 这本书很有趣。2. 他对这本书很感兴趣。3. 这个窗户破了。4. 这个窗户是被那个顽皮的男孩儿打破的。5. 站在那儿的男孩儿是我弟弟。6. 他是位高级教师。7. 穿白色衣服的学生是我女儿。
　　答案一、1. 总结：单个；前；被动；完成2. 总结：后；定语从句二、情绪；状态① 被动；完成；状态② 情绪；状态③ 主语所处的状态主语所承受的动作practice:1. the book is very interesting.2. he is very interested in the book.3. this window is broken.4. this window was broken bu the naughty boy.5. the child standing over there is my brother.6. he is an advanced teacher.7. the student dressed in white is my daughter.