Unitampnbsp13ampnbspTheampnbspmysteryampnbspofampnbsptheampnbspMoonstone

　　unit 13 the mystery of the moonstone
　　整体感知单元要点
　　word study1.comfort 2.reception 3.considerate 4.cigar 5.astonish 6.comcidence7.splendid 8.tension 9.elegant10.bachelor 11.prescription12.drawer 13.theft14.entertainer15.religious 16.stubborn 17. enquiry 18.assistance19.vital20.guilty 21.stain 22.banquet23.convince 24.assume25.cancel26.meanwhile 27.remark28.innocent29.pretend 30.commit31.straightforward 32.roundabout1.安慰 2.接待 3.考虑周到4.雪茄烟 5.使惊讶6.巧合的事7.壮丽的8.紧张9.优雅的10.未婚男子11.处方12.抽屉13.偷14.艺人15.宗教的16.顽固的17.查询18.帮助19.极重要的20.犯罪的21.玷污22.宴会 23.说服24.假定25.取消26.同时27.评论28.无罪的29.假装30.犯错31.直接的32.拐弯抹角的
　　useful
　　expressions1.turn…down2.be set in 3.on the reception for4.as revenge for5.at the time at times6.turn out 7.be engaged to do 8.keep sb. out of trouble1. 关小（声音等）；拒绝2.2. 以…为背景3. 在宴会…上4. 对…报复5. 过去，从前 有时6. 证明是7. 约定做…8. 保护某人不受麻烦
　　sentence
　　patterns &
　　communicative
　　english提忠告:1. -i think you＂d better do…2. why not do…?3. -why don＂t you do…?4. -perhaps you should do…5. -i suggest…/-i advise you to do…6. -how about…?7. -would you like/love…?8. -i don＂t think it＂s a good idea to do…
　　grammar强调句用法：1. itis/was+被强调的部分+that(who,which)+句子的其他部分2. do/does/did+动词原形3. what…is/was…句式强调句
　　topics &
　　writingwriting a normal letter:a normal letter should be short and clear. you should use simple language and get straight to the point. in the first paragraph briefly state the main point of the letter. the following paragraph(s) should give some details, and then restate the purpose of the letter in the final paragraph.背景知识
　　wilkie collins
　　wilkie collins (january 8, 1824 - september 23, 1889) was an english novelist, credited with writing the first mystery.
　　wilkie (william) collins was born in london. his father (also called william) was a landscape painter(风景画家), but it seems his father had ambitions for his son outside the arts. wilkie was first found a place in the tea trade, but displayed no aptitude(才能) for commerce(商务). he then studied law at lincoln＂s inn; he was admitted to the bar in 1851 but didn＂t prosper there either. it was only when he started writing that he seemed to find his vocation.
　　his first published work was written in memory of his father, who died in 1847. memoirs of the life of william collins, esq., r.a|. was published in 1848. his first novel was antonina (1850), a historical romance with basil in 1852. he found his true field, however, in the novel of modern life, in which his power lies chiefly in the construction of a skilful plot, which holds the attention of the reader and baffles his curiosity to the last. in count fosco, however, he has contributed an original character to english fiction.
　　in april 1852 wilkie wrote a piece for charles dickens＂ weekly, household words. this marked the start of a professional relationship which was to last for ten years, and which left both men better writers for their acquaintance.
　　wilkie was immensely popular in his time, and wrote 25 novels, over 50 short stories, 15 plays, and over 100 other, non-fiction, pieces of work. his most successful works were the woman in white, no name (1862), armadale, and the moonstone. he was one of the first writers of mystery fiction, and has been much imitated over the years. for example, you might recognise the basic premise of the moonstone - a cursed jewel that was originally stolen from an idol＂s eye - in several contemporary films and novels. he also wrote after dark (1856), the dead secret (1857), i say no (1884), and collaborated with dickens in no thoroughfare .
　　wilkie collins died in london in 1889 and was buried there in the kensal green cemetery.
　　细说教材warming up put the pictures in the order you think they appear in the story.将图片按其在小说中的出现顺序排列。【点拨】 in the order ＂按…顺序排列＂。 ＂order＂的具体用法如下：1.order 用做名词，意为＂次序＂＂命令＂＂订购（物）＂等，主要熟记下列短语用法：in (good)order （井然）有序的out of order 杂乱无章的；（机器等）出毛病的，不工作的in order to do/ in order that 为了…keep order 维持秩序in short order = 立刻，马上 under the order of 受…指挥place an order of sth. with somebody /at some place 同…订购… 2. order 动词，意为＂命令＂＂订购＂＂点菜＂等e.g.　the doctor ordered him to stay in bed for a couple of days.大夫嘱咐他卧床一两天。the manager ordered that the gate (should) be locked. 经理嘱咐大门要锁好。you can order tickets by telephone.可以电话订票。he ordered a cup of coffee.他要了一杯咖啡。注意：作为＂命令＂的意思，后面连接宾语从句，从句中使用虚拟语气should +do 其中should也可以省略（见上面第二个例句）。listeningyou will hear some dialogues that take place during her party. 你将会听到在她生日舞会上发生的一些对白。【点拨】1. take place 作＂发生＂解时词义与happen大致相同，但它更多用于事先计划或预想到的事情，没有＂偶然＂的含义。  e.g. great changes have taken place in the last two years in china.  2. happen 作＂发生＂解是普通用词，词义较广泛，用于客观事物或情况的发生或出现，可用于有明显起因或偶然发生的事物或出乎意料的事物。e.g. it happened in the evening as people were traveling home.
　　3. come about意思是＂发生＂，＂造成＂强调事物发生和形成的成因。
　　e.g. how did this accident come about ?这个事故是怎么发生的？4．break out ＂（战争，灾难等）发生＂ e.g. world war ii broke out in 1939. 二战发生在1939年。【点拨】注意要区别＂take place＂与＂take the place＂的用法，＂take the place＂是＂取代，代替＂的意思，有 ＂take the place of＂ ＂take one’s place＂ 两种表达.e.g. mr. black was ill. so i took his place to attend the meeting.在英语中类似这样有无冠词the，意义不同的情况比较多，要求学生们引起重视，例如：at table 就餐 at the table 在桌子边in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱里go to bed 去睡觉 go the to bed 向床边走去go to church 做礼拜 go to the church 到教堂去speakinghow did godfrey feel when rachel turned him down？ 当rachel拒绝godfrey（的求婚）时，他是怎么想的？ 【点拨】 turn … down 是＂拒绝…（的计划，提议等）＂和＂把…关小＂的意思e.g. my suggestion was turned down . 我的建议被推翻了。too noisy , could you turn the radio down . 太吵了，把收音机关小点，好吗？ 要求学生们能够熟记和运用下列＂turn＂的短语turn away 拿走，移开… turn back 返回，折回头turn in 上交 turn on 打开turn off 关闭 turn out 结果是…turn sb. over 移交 turn to sb. 求助于…turn up 到达，把…..开大点how do the characters in the story react ? 故事中的人物做出什么反应？【点拨】 react 意思为＂做出反应＂。 e.g. how did he react when you told him about it?你告诉他，他反应如何？ react against ＂反抗＂ e.g. he reacted his father’s influence by running away.他以逃跑的方式来反抗父亲的影响力。how did rachel feel about losing her diamond? rachel对丢失宝石有什么看法？【点拨】how do you feel…?=how do you like…?=how do you find…?=what do you think of…?都是用来询问对方对某事的看法或观点，意思是＂你认为……怎么样＂？这里应该注意how/what与动词的搭配,不要用错了。reading the novel the moonstone is set in england in 1848. 小说《月亮宝石》以1848年的英国为背景。【点拨】be set in 意为＂以……为背景＂e.g. the story is set in the early days of world war ii.这个故事以二战早期为背景。…brought it back with him to london.他把它带回伦敦。【点拨】bring sth. back. 意为＂把…带回来；回忆起＂bring sb. back. to life/health 使某人恢复生命或健康 e.g. please bring all the library books back by the end of the week. 请你在周末前把图书馆的书全部归还。 e.g. your care brought tom back to health. 你的细心照料使汤姆恢复了健康。 熟记以下由bring构成的短语： bring sth. along with sb. 携带…bring …down 使…倒下；降价bring sb. down 打跨/击败某人bring in 引进；提出；赚钱bring sb. up 抚养；培育bring sth. up 抬价；呕吐the diamond was cursed. 宝石被诅咒。【点拨】curse ①.动词 ＂诅咒；咒骂＂e.g. he hit his head as he stood up and cursed loudly.他站起来时撞了头，便破口大骂。 e.g. he cursed her bad luck.他诅咒自己运气不好。＂be cursed with…＂ ＂为…之苦；受…之害＂e.g. she seemed to be cursed with bad luck. 她好像运气不佳，连连遭殃。②.名词 ＂咒骂＂＂咒语＂＂祸根＂，常用短语有： under a curse 遭受咒语 be a curse of… …的祸根e.g. the family thought that they were under a curse.  这家人认为受别人咒骂而遭殃。 noise is a curse of modern city life. 噪音是现代城市生活的一大祸根。the man lived a sad, lonely life without friends or family. 那个人过着没有朋友和家人的悲痛、孤独的生活。【点拨】live a…life = lead a … life = have a …life 意思是＂过着…的生活＂e.g. mahilde had a hard life for ten years. 玛帝尔德十年来过着艰辛的生活。when he died he left the moonstone to his sister’s daughter, rachel, in an act of revenge, passing on his bad fortune to her. 当他死后，他把他的恶运连同月亮宝石一起报复性的留给他姐姐的女儿--- rachel。【点拨】revenge ①.名词 ＂报复，报仇＂ take one’s revenge on sb. ＂报复某人＂ e.g. he swore to take his revenge on his political enemies. 他发誓要报复他的政敌。be in revenge for e.g. the bombing is in revenge for the american rule in iraq. 爆炸事件是对美国在伊拉克统治的报复。② 动词 ＂报复/仇＂，其用法为 ＂revenge oneself on sb.＂或者＂be revenged on sb.＂意思是＂向某人报仇＂ e.g. he was later revenged on his wife’s killer.= he revenged himself on his wife’s killer.他向杀死他妻子的人报仇。 这里不可以说 he revenged her wife’s death. 即使用 ＂revenge sth.＂是错的。【点拨】pass on sth. to sb.把…传递给… e.g. pass the book on to me when you have finished it. 在你看完这本书后，请把它传给我。pass on 去世（婉转说法） e.g. tom passed on last year. 汤姆去年就去世了。they worked together on it. 他们一起致力于这件工作。【点拨】 辨析 ＂work on＂ 与 ＂work at＂ ＂work on＂是＂致力于…＂的意思，强调做出努力；＂work at＂是＂做…工作＂的意思，指做事情e.g. i haven’t found out her name, but i’m working on it. 我还没有找出她的名字，不过我在尽力。e.g. he is working at chinese. 他在学习汉语。his move to quit smoking cigars to please her is seen by the servants as evidence that he is in love with rachel. 他戒烟而去取悦于她的举动被仆人们发现，并作为他深爱上rachel的证据。【点拨】move 在这里是名词，意思是＂举止，行动＂，另外，还有＂搬家＂，＂（游戏或棋牌中的）一步，一着＂的意思。e.g. he was watching my every move. 他在监视我的一举一动。 don’t make a move, or i’ll shoot. 别动，否则我开枪了。 come on, it’s you move. 快，该你出牌（走）了。 move 还有动词词性，意为＂移动，走动，改变位置＂，＂搬家＂，＂使感动＂等e.g. i could someone moving around downstairs. 我听到有人在楼下走动。 could you please move your car, please? 请把汽车挪动一下，好吗？ i moved house three times last year. 去年我搬了三次家。 his story moved me. 他的故事感动了我。【点拨】辨析： ＂moved＂与 ＂moving＂ ; ＂moved＂是＂被感动的＂意思；＂moving＂＂令人感动的＂意思。 e.g. i was moved by his moving story. 我被他的动听的故事打动了。【点拨】be in love with sb. （状态）与某人相爱fall in love with sb. （动作）爱上某人 e.g. he fell in love with her at their meeting. 他对她一见钟情。tom is in love with rose for three years.tom与rose相爱三年了。all the guests are all astonished by its size and rare beauty. 所有的来宾都被它（宝石）的尺寸和稀有的漂亮所惊奇。【点拨】这里的astonished是过去分词，作表语
　　分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如astonish，excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是＂惊奇＂、＂激动＂，＂高兴＂，而是＂使惊奇＂＂使激动＂、＂使高兴＂，因而现在分词应该是＂令人惊奇的＂、＂令人激动的＂、＂令人高兴的＂；过去分词则是＂感到惊奇的＂＂感到激动的＂和＂感到高兴的＂。所以，凡表示＂令人……的＂都是-ing形式，凡是表示＂感到……＂都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：
　　interesting 使人感到高兴 interested 感到高兴的
　　exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的
　　delighting 令人高兴的 delighted 感到高兴的
　　disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
　　encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged 感到鼓舞的
　　pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快的
　　puzzling 令人费解的 puzzled 感到费解的
　　satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的
　　surprising 令人惊异的 surprised 感到惊异的
　　worrying 令人担心的 worried 感到担心的
　　travelling is interesting but tiring． 旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
　　the pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
　　the argument is very convincing． 他的论点很令人信服。
　　they were very excited at the news． 听到这个消息，他们非常激动。is it coincidence or is it the moonstone’s bad luck that causes tension and strange things that happen during the rest of the evening?是一种巧合还是月亮宝石的恶运导致生日晚宴的紧张和奇怪事情发生的呢？【点拨】这里使用了强调句式的一般疑问句形式，对主语＂coincidence和the moonstone’s bad luck＂进行强调；另外，＂that happen during the rest of the evening＂从句作＂tension and strange things＂的定语。【点拨】cause在这里是动词，是＂导致，引起＂的意思。 e.g. what caused his illness? 他的病是什么原因引起的？ his illness caused him to miss the game? 他因病不能参加比赛。cause还可做名词：① ＂原因，起因，理由＂ cause与reason作名词时都有＂原因＂和＂理由＂的意思。reason通常指产生某种行为或想法的推理上的理由，而cause通常指导致某一事件发生并且有后果的起因。reason常和for连用，而cause常和of连用。
　　e.g. the cause of the fire is still unknown . 这场大火的起因还不知道呢。please give me your reason for absence . 请你把缺席的理由告诉我。② ＂事业，目标＂e.g. she’s committed to the cause of nuclear disarmament. 她献身于废除核武器的事业。【点拨】 the rest（of）表示＂剩余、其余＂，其用法也有二： a) of后面可接单数、复数及不可数名词，相应的谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面所跟的名词。
　　b) 如果the rest表示的是剩下的东西，则谓语动词用单数；如果表示的是其余的，特别指人时，其谓语动词应该用复数。
　　例：the majority of students went to the lab, the rest are staying in the classroom.（多数学生去了实验室，其余的人留在教室。）e.g. the rest of the students are here.the rest of the work is done.the rest of 的用法与２／３，一半，８０％  of 的结构一致， of 后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词，为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。dr. candy ,the local doctor, offers to write him a prescription for some medicine. 当地的dr. candy医生为他开了药方。【点拨】 offer 作动词，①＂提供；提出＂的意思，常用＂offer sb. sth. for…＂
　　e.g. he offered me 300 dollars for that television. 他出300美元向我买那部电视机。i must offer them an apology for not going to attend their get-gathering.我没有去出席他们的聚会,必须向他们示歉意。② 与to连用；表示＂愿意；试图;主动干…＂e.g. offer to go 自愿前往offer 还可作名词，有 ＂提议; 出价；报盘＂的意思 e.g. an offer of  100 出价100 英镑 thank you for your offer of help. 感谢你提供的帮助。troubled by the loss of such a valuable jewel, rachel’s mother hires the famous detective sergeant cuff to investigate the theft.由于这么昂贵的珠宝的丢失，rachel的母亲雇佣了一个著名侦探sergeant cuff去调查这起偷窃事件。【点拨】 ＂troubled by the loss of such a valuable jewel＂是分词在句首作原因状语。分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件：e.g. reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
　　 reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
　　 reading carefully，you＂ll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
　　现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别：
　　现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
　　1）现在分词作状语时，分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
　　e.g. not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
　　由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
　　2）过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
　　e.g. given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
　　如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
　　e.g. faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
　　在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
　　he finds out that they are not real entertainers, but religious followers of the moon god. 他发现他们不是真正的艺人，而是月亮神的宗教追随者。【点拨】 not...but… ＂不是…而是…＂并列连词，连接两个并列成分。当连词or， either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but, there be 等连接两个并列not...but主语时，谓语的数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。 e.g. not he but jane and mary have been invited to the party.【点拨】entertainer 名词，＂艺人，表演者＂ entertainment名词，＂娱乐，文娱表演＂entertaining 形容词，＂使人愉快的；有趣的＂entertain 动词，＂给人快乐；使人感兴趣＂＂招待；款待＂did dr candy or godfrey take the moonstone as revenge for loss of face? candy 和 godfrey会拿走月亮宝石作为对他们失面子的报复吗？【点拨】take…as…是＂把…当作…＂的意思，英语中还有下列一些短语表示此意。consider… as… treat…as…regard … as… love…as…look on/upon … as… respect…as…think of … as… admire… as…see … as… receive…as…franklin, on the other hand, gives the detective as much assistance as he can. 另一方面，富兰克林也尽其可能的帮助侦探。【点拨】 ＂on the other hand＂意思是＂另一方面;从另一方面说＂常常与＂on one hand…＂连用。e.g. on one hand the price is cheap, but on the other hand the quality is poor价格便宜是一方面，但是，另一方面质量太差。【点拨】 英语中在表示数量的词语前,习惯上加as many as, as much as等来加强语气。as many as 和可数名词连用, as much as和不可数名词连用,。但是在表示＂雨量、水量、时间、重量、钱数、价格＂等方面＂多达…＂时常用as much as... 类似的表达方式还有：as long as长达；as far as远达；as heavy as重达，等。e.g. when working here, he could earn as much as 300 dollars a week. 他在那儿工作时，每周能挣300美元。 i can see the objects as far as 1000 meters.我能看到1000米外的物体。试着翻译下面几句话：1.there are as many as ten thousand languages in the world.
　　2. he could carry a stone as heavy as four hundred jin.
　　3. the old man is as old as 130 years.
　　4. take as much as you like.
　　5. i love you as much as he does.
　　6. we could save as much as 1000 yuan a month if we tried.
　　7. before he died, he donated as many as 10, 000 books to his school.language practicethe manager was walking in a underground passage of the mine when he noticed … 当矿主在矿井的地下通道中行走时，这时他注意到…【点拨】when引导从句时,其意义和用法很多。一、引导时间状语从句 1. 表示＂当……的时候＂,相当于at the moment when。e.g. when we got to the cinema, the film had been on for half an hour. 当我们到达电影院时,电影已放映半小时了。 she was writing a letter when i came in. 当我进来时,她在写信。 2. 表示＂一……就……＂,相当于as soon as。e.g. the students got up when the bell rang. 铃声一响,学生们就起床了。 i＂ll ring you up when i arrive in beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。 　　3. 表示＂就在这时;当时＂,相当于just at the moment或just then.e.g. we were about to start out when it began to rain heavily. 我们正要启程,就在这时,天下起了大雨。 he had just returned from one business trip when he was asked to make another one. 他刚刚出差回来,这时,又叫他再次出差。 　　4. 表示＂每当;每次＂,相当于every time或whenever。 e.g. she always turns to us for help when she is in trouble.每当她遇到困难,她总是向我们求助。 it is freezing cold here when it snows. 每当这儿下雪,天气就十分寒冷。 　　5. 表示＂当……之后;在……以后＂,相当于after the time that。 e.g. we went home when the film was over. 电影结束以后,我们回家去了。 　　 when she got home, she started to prepare supper. 她回到家后,开始准备晚饭。 　　二、引导条件状语从句 　　when引导的条件状语从句相当于if/ in case引导的条件状语从句. e.g. when there is no gravity, our feet can no longer stay on the ground. 如果没有重力,我们的脚就不能够在地面上站稳。 　　 turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障,就把电闸关上。 　　三、引导原因状语从句 　　when引导原因状语从句时,相当于since/now that引导的原因状语从句。 　　 e.g. how can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television? 他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了,还能学到什么东西呢? 　　 why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one? 既然你已经有了这么好的一份工作,为什么还要再找新的工作呢? 　　四、引导让步状语从句 　　when引导的让步状语从句相当于though或although引导的让步状语从句。 e.g. he usually walks when he might ride. 虽然有车可乘,但他通常是步行。 　　 the little girl can tell right from wrong when she is only twelve. 这个小女孩虽然只有十二岁,却能分清是非。… it was as clear as water… 它（宝石）纯净如水。【点拨】 as clear as water 纯净如水一样 英语中类似表达有：as blind as a bat(像蝙蝠一样盲目) as busy as a bee(像蜜蜂一样忙碌)
　　as songful as a bird(像鸟一样动听) as angry as a bull(像公牛一样愤怒)
　　as changeful as a chameleon(像变色龙一样多变) as bald as an eagle(像鹰一样秃顶)
　　as sly as a fox(像狐狸一样狡猾) as tall as a giraffe(像长颈鹿一样高)
　　as silly as a goose(像鹅一样愚蠢) as fast as a hare(像野兔一样快)
　　as playful as a kitten(像小猫一样喜欢嬉戏) as gentle as a lamb(像小羊一样温和)
　　as brave as a lion(像狮子一样勇敢) as stubborn as a mule(像骡子一样顽固)
　　as wise as an owl(像猫头鹰一样聪明) as quick as a rabbit(像兔子一样快)
　　as slow as a snail(像蜗牛一样缓慢) as hungry as a wolf(像狼一样饥饿)
　　as graceful as a swan(像天鹅一样优美) as slow as a turtle(像乌龟一样缓慢)
　　one mistake could have resulted in a huge loss, so that the diamond expert under of a lot of tension when he began to work. 一点失误可能会导致巨大的损失，因此钻石专家开始工作时十分紧张，压力很大。【点拨】 这里的＂result in＂，是＂导致，致使＂的意思。 e.g. eating too much food which is high in fat and sugar will result in heart illness.
　　 吃过多高脂肪和高糖类的食物会导致心脏疾病。result in和result from的用法区别result in可用来表示＂引起、导致或造成（某种结果）＂
　　 e.g. the traffic accident resulted in three deaths. 这起交通事故造成三人死亡。
　　 the trial resulted in his being sentenced to two years＂ imprisonment.审判结果是他被判刑两年。
　　 the election resulted in a great victory for their party. 选举结果，他们的党获得了巨大胜利。
　　 result可以与from连用，意为＂作为……的结果＂，表示原因。
　　 e.g. her injury resulted from a fall.她因跌倒而受伤。
　　 it＂s said that his lameness resulted from an accident. 据说他的瘸腿是一次事故造成的。
　　 sickness often results from eating too much. 疾病往往因为吃得太多。
　　 result 还可用作名词，常用＂as a result＂在句中作状语,表原因；＂asaresultof＂是短语介词，后面必须接名词表原因。integrating skillsfranklin blake, meanwhile, received a letter from rosama saying that … 同时，franklin blake 收到了rosama的一封信，信上说…【点拨】 meanwhile是个副词，译作＂在这期间，与此同时＂， 相当于＂during the period of time＂, e.g. mother was cooking meanwhile i was doing my homework.妈妈在做饭，与此同时，我在做作业。常见的短语in the meanwhile 意思是＂与此同时，在此期间＂e.g. in the meanwhile, i＂ll go for a few days to shanghai.同时，我还要去上海几日。【点拨】 saying that…== which said…e.g. haven’t you seen the sign saying ＂no somking＂? 难道你没看到招牌上写着＂禁止抽烟＂吗？…she loved him and wanted to keep him out of trouble. 她爱他而且想帮助他免受麻烦。【点拨】 keep是一个十分常用的单词，其用法较多，搭配能力强，同时也是高考经常考查的单词之一。现将其主要用法归纳如下。 一、keep的基本用法 1. keep作连系动词，意为＂继续处于某种状态或地位；留下；保留＂，其后通常接形容词、副词等作表语。 e.g. please keep quiet—i＂m trying to get some work done. 请安静——我要处理一些工作。 2. 当＂保存；保留；保持＂讲。 e.g. keep the seat for me,will you?替我保留这个座位，好吗？ e.g. his watch keeps good time. 他的手表走得准。 e.g. you can keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以保存（借）两个星期。 3. 当＂使……保持在（某种状态）＂讲时，其后通常接复合宾语，可用形容词、介词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等作宾补。 e.g. his illness kept him in bed for months.他因病卧床好几个月。 e.g. we＂ll keep you informed.我们将让你知道情况。 e.g. sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 对不起，让你久等了。 e.g. it＂s our duty to keep our surroundings clean. 保持我们周围环境清洁是我们的职责。 4. 当＂履行；遵守＂讲。 keep one＂s word 讲话算数 keep one＂s promise 履行诺言 keep regular hours 生活作息有规律 5. 当＂赡养；饲养＂讲。 e.g. he has a wife and four children to keep.他要养活妻子和四个孩子。 e.g. he likes to keep some birds for fun.他喜欢养鸟玩。 6. 当＂过（节）；料理；记（日记）＂讲。 keep spring festival 过春节 keep house 管理家务 keep a diary 记日记 二、keep的常用习惯搭配 1.keep back 保留；隐瞒；阻止……向前。 e.g. she couldn＂t keep back her tears at the news. 听到那消息，她忍不住掉下了眼泪。 e.g. the boss kept back 100 dollars from his salary for nothing. 老板无端地从他的薪水中扣去了100美元。 2. keep in touch with...与 ……保持联系。 e.g. while he was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth. 当他在飞船外面时，他用电话与同伴及地面上保持联系。3. keep on(doing sth.) 继续（做某事）；反复（做某事） e.g. keep on trying, and you＂ll make greater progress. 继续努力，你将取得更大的进步。 4. keep...out 不让 ……进来。 e.g. there is a lot of air in loose snow, and this helps to keep the cold out. 在松散的积雪里有许多空气，这有利于御寒。 5. keep...out of...使……不进入……，使……置身于 ……之外 e.g. please keep him out of trouble while he is studying here. 他在这里学习期间，请不要让他有什么麻烦。 6. keep up坚持；保持；不使（斗志等）下落。 e.g. they can keep up their normal body temperature even in very cold weather. 他们即使在很冷的天气里也可保持正常体温。 7. keep up with保持；维持；继续；跟上。 e.g. john was not good at maths and he couldn＂t keep up with the rest of the class.约翰数学学得不好，他跟不上班上的其他同学。 8. keep watch守望；值班；放哨。 e.g. they used to keep watch at the top of the tree during the war. 在战争期间，他们通常在树顶上放哨。 9. keep away from (使)离开；远离。 e.g. in order to reduce diseases we should keep animals away from body in daily life. 为了减少疾病，在日常生活中我们应该远离动物。…to prove to him that it help. 对他证明（药）起作用。【点拨】 help ① vi/vt 帮助; 辅助; 援助；开饭；上菜;起作用② n. 帮助; 救助; 救济
　　be of help 有用的, 有益的, 有帮助的
　　be of help to sb. 对某人有帮助
　　come to one＂s help 来帮某人的忙
　　with the help of 在...的帮助下, 借助by the help of 得到..的帮助
　　help sb. with sth. 帮做(某事)help oneself to [口]随意取用[取食] ;擅自取用; 私自占有; 偷
　　help sb. down 把某人搀扶下来
　　help sb. off with 帮某人脱 去(衣服等)
　　help sb. on with 帮某人穿上(衣服等)
　　help out 帮助(某人); 帮助(某人)解决困难[做某事]
　　help sb. out of 帮助(某人); 帮助(某人)解决困难[做某事]
　　help sb. over 帮某人越过[度过]
　　help sb. to 给某人添(酒、菜等) ;帮某人得到[达到, 找到]
　　help sb. up 把某人扶起;扶某人登上
　　cannot help (doing) 不禁, 忍不住, 不得不
　　cannot help but do 不能不, 不得不(i cannot help but be sorry. 我不能不感到遗憾。)
　　cannot help oneself 情不自禁; 不能自制
　　i can＂t help it. 我实在控制不住; 这不能怪我。
　　it can＂t be helped. [口]无可挽回!
　　more than one can help [用于否定句]过份, 太多
　　don＂t spend more money than you can help 除非不得己, 不要多化钱。
　　there is no help for it 无法可想; 无可挽回。 franklin and rachel are very much in love and engaged to be married. franklin 和 rachel非常相爱，正准备结婚。【点拨】 此句中的engaged＂订婚的＂；engage的含义和用法确实多多，现小结如下： 1. 作及物动词 ①表示＂使从事于；使忙着＂，常用于被动语态，与介词in搭配。 e.g. please wait a minute; he is engaged just now. 请稍等，他正忙着呢。 ②表示 ＂聘雇某人＂，与employ相比较，engage更偏重于聘雇专业人员。 句式：engage + 名词（+ as +名词）。 e.g. he engaged / employed my sister as his secretary. 他聘用我妹妹当秘书。 the firm engaged / employed two interpreters. 那家公司聘请了两名口译员。 ③表示＂吸引注意；占用时间＂等。 e.g. a personal computer engages his interest now. 他正沉迷于个人电脑之中。 reading foreign books engages all my spare time.阅读外文书籍占用了我所有的空余时间。 ④表示＂约束;约定＂，多与oneself 连用。 e.g. she engages herself to do the work. 她自愿承担这项工作。 2. 作不及物动词 ①表示＂保证;允诺＂，多与for连用。 e.g. that＂s all i can engage for. 我所能担保的仅此而已。 that is more than i can engage for. 那事我不能担保。 ②表示＂衔接;与......交战＂，多与with连用 e.g. the teeth of one wheel engage with those of the other. 一轮之齿与另一轮之齿相衔接。 3. 两个常用的被动结构 ①be engaged to sb.与某人订婚。 e.g. tom is engaged to anne. 汤姆已与安妮订婚。 ②be engaged in (doing) sth.忙于（做）某事。如： e.g. those comrades who are engaged in mass work came. 那些从事群众工作的同志们来了。 4. 几个相关拓展 ①engaged adj. 忙的；已订婚的；被占用的。e.g. the line is engaged. 线路被占用。 ② engagement n. 约定 e.g. i have a lunch engagement with my uncle.我与叔父约好一同吃午饭。 break off one＂s engagement 解除婚约 make an engagement with ...与......约定 ③ engaging adj. 吸引人的；迷人的；可爱的。如： e.g. an engaging smile 迷人的微笑 as for the moonstone, i have heared that it has somehow returned to its home in india,…. 至于月亮宝石，我听说不知怎么已经返回到它的家乡---印度。【点拨】 ＂as for…＂意思是＂至于…＂＂就…而言＂e.g. as for me, ihave nothing to complain of. 至于我，我没什么可抱怨的。as for food,that’s all being taken care of.至于食物，都在置办之中。【点拨】 somehow 一是表示＂以某种方式＂
　　e.g. he＂ll get me there somehow.
　　他将以某种方式把我送到那里
　　e.g. we＂ll get along somehow.
　　我们将以某种方式相处下去
　　二是表示＂不知怎么搞的＂（什么原因）
　　e.g. somehow she was afraid of him.
　　不知怎么搞的她很怕他
　　e.g. he never liked me, somehow.
　　不知什么原因，他从来不喜欢我grammar强调句1.itis/was+被强调的部分+that(who, which)+句子的其他部分
　　下面我们以两个句子为例来演示强调句的构成。如：
　　1).westernhealth-caresystemarespendinghugesumsofmoney onthesurgicaltreatmentofthe主语 宾语 状语
　　disease.
　　（西方国家医疗保健机构在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大。）强调主语
　　itiswesternhealth-caresystemthat(which)arespendinghugesumsofmoneyonthesurgicaltreatmentofthedisease.正是西方国家医疗保健机构，在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大。强调宾语
　　itishugesumsofmoneythat(which)westernhealth-caresystemarespendingonthesurgicaltreatmentofthedisease.西方国家医疗保健机构在心脏病的手术治疗上，开支确实是巨大的。强调状语
　　itisonthesurgicaltreatmentofthediseasethatwesternhealth-caresystemarespendinghugesumsofmoney.西方国家医疗保健机构，就是在心脏病的手术治疗上付出了巨大的开支。2) .annpeters’husbandrushed her toanearbyhospital lastnight.
　　主语 宾语 状语 状语（昨晚，安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去附近医院。）
　　强调主语
　　itwasannpeters＂husbandthat(who)rushedhertoanearbyhospitallastnight.
　　（昨晚，正是安妮.彼德的丈夫，立即送她去了附近医院。）
　　强调宾语
　　itwasher(she)that(who)annpeters＂husbandrushedtoanearbyhospitallastnight.（昨晚安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送的是她，去附近医院。）
　　强调状语
　　itwastoanearbyhospitalthatannpeters＂husbandrushedherlastnight.（昨晚安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去的就是一家附近的医院。）
　　强调状语
　　itwaslastnightthatannpeters＂husbandrushedhertoanearbyhospital.（就是在昨晚，安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去附近医院。）
　　要点提示：
　　1）当原句叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用＂itis…that…＂的句式（如例句1）；当原句叙述的 是过去发生的事情则用＂itwas…that…＂的句式（如例句2）。
　　2）在这种强调句式中，一般用that引出句子的其他部分。如果被强调的部分是表示人的意义的名 词时，可以用who代替that引出句子的其他部分；如果被强调的部分是表示事物意义的名词时，可以用which代替that引出句子的其他部分。但是，无论被强调的部分是表示地点、还是表示时间意义的名词，都不可以用where或者when。e.g. itisthatmanwho(that)isteachingourenglish.（就是那个人教我们英语。）
　　itwasmytelephonenumberwhich(that)misswhitehappenedtoknow.
　　（ 怀特小姐碰巧知道的就是我的电话号码。）
　　itisinfrontofthereligiousleaderthatthebrideandgroomstandtogethertobemarried. （新郎、新娘通常就是一起站在宗教头领面前举行结婚。）3). 如果被强调的部分是人称代词，应该用该人称代词的主格形式；在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式。
　　e.g. itwasshe(her)whotoldthepolice.（就是她报告警察的。）
　　itwasyouwhoweweretalkingabout.（我们刚刚谈论的就是你。）2. 没有强调句子谓语的强调句，但有其通常的强调手段：do/does/did+动词原形。e.g.idobelievethatheisanhonestman.（我的确相信他是老实人。）
　　shedoeslikeliterature.（她确实喜欢文学。）
　　theydidgotoseeyouyesterday,butfailedtomeetyou.
　　（他们昨天的确去看过你，但没见到你。）3. what…is/was…
　　＂what…is/was…＂是名词从句结构，也是强调句的另一种构成形式。它常用来强调主语、宾语。 如果所叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用＂whatis…that…＂的句式；如果所叙述的是过去发生的事情用 ＂whatwas…that…＂的句式。
　　1). whathewishesmostistobecomeapilot.（强调宾语）
　　（他最希望的是成为一名飞行员。）2). whatinterestedmemostinthatmoviewasthebeautifulsceneryofalps.（强调主语） （那部电影使我最感兴趣的是阿尔裨斯山那美丽的风景。）
　　3).whatilikeisherspeakingmanner.（强调宾语）
　　（我喜欢的是她说话的风度。）
　　4).whatencourageduswastheexamplehesetforus.（强调主语）
　　（给予我们鼓励的是他为我们树立的榜样。）
　　习题对话language practice1.find words in the reading passage that match the following definition.①.bachelor ②. astonished ③. prescription ④. considerate ⑤. guilty ⑥. vital ⑦. stubborn ⑧. theft2.choose the words from the box to fill in the blanks, using their correct form.①. happened ②. suspecting ③. excited ④. stain ⑤. splendid ⑥. assistant ⑦. vital ⑧. loss ⑨. tension ⑩.garment考题档案1. (nmet XX 全国) i like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.a. this b. that c. it d. one2. (nmet XX 上海) i had to buy these books because i didn’t know which one was the best. a. both b. none c. neither d. all 3. (nmet XX 广东) sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always much to do. a. such b. that c. more d.very4. (nmet XX 上海春季) the collapse of the world trade center has put us economy in a difficult . a. occasion b. case c. situation d. background5. (nmet XX 北京) according to recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily and effect. a. reason b. impact c. fact d. cause a.b.c.d.6. (nmet XX上海春季) no one in the department but tom and i that the director is going to resign. a. knows b. know c. have known d. am to know7. (nmet XX 湖南) they’ve us $150,000 for the house. shall we take it? a. provided b. supplied c shown .d. offered8. (nmet XX浙江) we wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite as planned.a. make out b. turn out c. go on d. come up 9. (nmet XX浙江) if you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would .a. act b. help c. serve d. last10. (nmet XX 北京) the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics by XX.a. has been completed b. has completed c. will have been completed d. will have completed11. (nmet XX上海春季) the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain as the plane was making a landing. a. seat b. seating c. seated d. to be seating 12. (nmet XX 全国) --isn’t that ann’s husband over there?-- no, it be him-- i’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.a. can’t b. must not c. won’t d. may not13. (nmet XX 上海) why! i have nothing to confess. you want me to say?a. what is it that b. what it is that c. how is it that d. how it is that14. (nmet XX 广东) --do you mind if i open the window?-- i feel a bit cold.a. of course not. b. i’d rather you didn’t. c. go ahead. d. why not?15. (nmet XX 上海) chinese arts have won the of a lot of people outside china. a. enjoyment b. appreciation c. entertainment d. reputation
　　参考答案1．c ，英语中like, love, hate, dislike等动词后不允许直接带宾语从句，通常先在动词后加上it，然后再加从句。 2．d 3. b 4. c 5. d 6. a 7. d 8. b 9. 选b，help是不及物动词用法，＂起作用，生效＂ 的意思 10. c 11. c 12. a 13. 选a ,考查强调句的特殊问句用法 14. b 15. b
　　一课一测
　　（检测自己的能力）
　　a级（基础训练）
　　第一部分 单项填空1.i prefer to stay in the seaside town, _____ because of its job opportunities, _____ because of its low living expenses.
　　a. not...but b. both...as well as c. no more ...than d. not...instead2.some of the wheat is from canada. what about ________________?a. another b. the other c. others d. the rest 3.the new model costs twice _____ last year＂s. a. more than b. as much as  c. as many as d. than
　　4. neitherhenorhisbrothers——somefoodforthistrip．
　　a．needb．needsc．isneedingd．hasneed
　　5. – do you have any idea what hawk does all day?
　　-- i know he spends at least as much time watching tv as he .
　　a. does writing b. writes c. is writing d. spends to write
　　6. –when did the concert ?
　　--oh, a week ago.
　　a. hold b. happen c. take place d. organize
　　7. no bread eaten by man is so sweet as earned by his own labor.
　　a. one b. that c. such d. what 8. the emperor＂s new clothes, is an ________ text. all of us are ________ in it. 　a. exciting; exciting b. excited; excited c. excited; exciting d. exciting; excited
　　.9. why do you want a new job， ______you have got such a good one？
　　a．that  b．where c．which d. when
　　10. some of the wheat came from canada. how about .
　　a. another b. the others c. the rest d. the other
　　b级（应用创新）
　　第一部分 单项填空
　　1. –do you like novels.
　　--i don’t like either of them. please show me third one.
　　a. the, the b. the, a c. /, / d./, the
　　2. – i hope he won’t get ill recently during the examination.
　　-- . he has been well recently.
　　a. certainly b. no c. not d. yes
　　3. i shall never forget those days ______ i lived in the countryside with the farmers， ______had a great effect on my life．
　　a．that；which b. which；that c．when；which d．when；who 4. ---- what made her so angry ?  ----- ________ her wallet.
　　a. he lost b. to be lost c. lost d. losing5. the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing. 　a. seat b. seating c. seated d. to be seating
　　6. i’ll never understand how it that you were an hour late on such a short journey.
　　a. took place b. caused c. came about d. happened
　　7. – i want to buy a computer for my son, but there is only one left in that shop, so i will have to buy .
　　a. one b. it c. that d. them
　　8. a computer ____ think for itself，it must be told what to do．
　　a．can＂t b．couldn＂t c．may not d．won＂t
　　9. – i can’t find mr. smith. where did you meet him this morning?
　　-- it was in the hotel he stared.
　　a. that b. where c. which d. the one 10. the journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.
　　a. of which b. during which c. from which d. for which11. thirty-three people were already dead in a traffic accident; __________ . a. twelve being old men b. twelve of them were old men c. twelve of whom were old men d. twelve were old men12. as far as i am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, ________ .　a. the more for life are you equipped b. the more equipped for life you are 　c. the more life you are equipped for 　d. you are equipped the more for life13. beijing is bigger than in jiangsu. a. any other city b. all the cities. c. any of the other city  d. all the others14. —how did you enjoy the concert last night? — . my favorite singer lost her voice and didn’t even make an appearance. a. what a disappointment! b. what a failure! c. awful!  d. very dissatisfactory!15. the money collected should be made good use the people in south asia who suffered a lot in the killer earthquake and tsunami（海啸）. a．of helping b．to help c．to helping d．of to help第二部分 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。it was the first day of school, 1961. five-year-old mae carol jemison was a 1 kindergartener who could already read. when her teacher asked her, ＂ 2 do you want to be when you grow up?＂ mae replied, ＂a scientist.＂ her teacher looked 3 : not many women became scientists then, and certainly 4 black women. but that was mae’s first and only 5 .mae’s love for science 6 her to the library. she read books about the universe. she also enjoyed science fiction books. in sixth grade she read madeline l’engle’s books a wrinkle in time and the arm of the starfish. ＂those books stand out 7 they had women scientists and girl heroines,＂ mae remembers.books weren’t the only way mae learned. she was active in student government, acted in plays, and studied dance. ＂in dance class, i grew stronger and gained an 8 for hard work, physical strength, and grace,＂ she says.when mae was 12, there were civil rights demonstrations（游行） near her neighborhood in chicago. 9 protests（抗议） before an important political meeting, the mayor of chicago called 10 the national guard, which marched through mae’s mostly african-american neighborhood with guns. mae watched, 11 , confused（使迷惑）, and angry. she promised herself she would never feel that frightened again. ＂i reminded myself 12 i was as much a part of this united states as the guardsmen,＂ she remembers.in college, mae studied the physical and social sciences, and learned to speak russian and the african language swahili. she 13 a degree in chemical engineering and african studies. after college, she studied medicine for four years, and became a medical doctor. in 1987, mae was 14 into nasa’s astronaut program. she 15 in texas, learning about space exploration. she worked for nasa, and waited for a shuttle assignment（太空飞行任务）.when the space aircraft endeavor was sent into the sky into orbit in 1992, mae 16 the first african-american woman 17 the earth. mae looked down from endeavor and saw chicago. she remembered visiting the library, making science fair projects, and dancing. ＂i felt like i 18 right there in space,＂ she remembers. ＂i realized i would feel comfortable 19 in the universe because i belonged to and was a part of it, 20 any star, planet, asteroid（小行星）， comet（彗星）, or nebula（星云）.＂1．a．shy b．confident c．weak d．difficult2．a．what b．how c．who d．why3．a．amazing b．pleasant c．surprised d．interested4．a．more b．less c．few d．many5．a．choice b．variety c．judgment d．result6．a．took b．introduced c．persuaded d．collected7．a．so b．but c．because d．however8．a．interest b．attention c．importance d．appreciation9．a．guarding b．to protect c．defending d．to prevent10．a．on b．in c．off d．up11．a．pleased b．attracted c．frightened d．excited12．a．that b．whether c．why d．how13．a．made b．earned c．succeeded d．finished14．a．refused b．recognized c．accepted d．received15．a．trained b．settled c．landed d．moved16．a．won b．was chosen c．developed d．became17．a．orbits b．orbiting c．to orbit d．orbited18．a．liked b．enjoyed c．belonged d．flew19．a．where b．anywhere c．nowhere d．wherever20．a．as much as b．as long as c．as far as d．as many as 第三部分阅读理解 aonline distance learning is an instructional system which connects learners with educational resources. students work on their own at home, at work, or at school and communicate with teachers and other students by e-mails, electronic forums, videoconferencing, chat rooms, bulletin boards, instant messaging and other forms of computer-based communication. there are both advantages and disadvantages to online distance learning.  there are many benefits to using online distance learning environments. online education is available all the time and anywhere. however there are drawbacks for some learners. the online learner only has the written text and no other face-to-face cues. this may confuse the learner and cause misunderstanding. while distance learning allows for openness, it is also troublesome because it is done by e-mail messages and writing and therefore may take more time than face-to-face learning. the large number of messages can sometimes be overwhelming for many online students. universities, colleges and schools use virtual online distance learning environments. these are important for students who may be unable to attend classes for various reasons like illnesses or busy everyday schedules. some learners just want to further their studies at home. they enjoy the convenience of home learning as they take regular programs or enrichment classes. online courses keep learners very occupied at all hours. there is a great deal of messages and other online resources to read and respond to. most learners have regular jobs or attend regular school classes on ground as well. however, the benefits are clear. online distance learning is becoming very popular. some virtual online classes have become a profitable business as they replace regular traditional means of learning. 1. online distance learning refers to_________?a. learning with the help of the internet and computers b. learning at homec. a system of learning on your own by writing letters d. learning without the presence and help of teachers 2. the underlined word ＂occupied＂ in the 4th paragraph is close to the meaning of ＂_____＂.a. busy b. happy c. healthy d. satisfied3. there are many good and bad aspects of online distance learning. one good thing about it is that it is ______________.a. easy to do b. cheaper than face-to-face learning c. convenient d. very fast going4. sometimes online distance learning can be a problem because _________.a. learners don＂t have the money to pay for it. b. it is not as effective as face-to-face learningc. it is done by writing only e-mail messages d. some learners don＂t need face-to-face cues 5. which of the following is more likely to take an online distant course?a. a full-time middle school student.b. some one who enjoys the company of other students while learning.c. some one who does not have easy access to computers.d. some one who has a job but still wants to further his study.
　　b we are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. this article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.so, you have to give a speech—and you are terrified. you get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. later you think, ＂thank goodness, it’s over. i’m just not good at public speaking. i hope i never have to do that again.＂cheep up! it doesn’t have to be that bad. here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. ask yourself the purpose of your speech. what is the occasion? why are you speaking? then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. spend plenty of your time doing your research. then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. never forget your audience. don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. treat your audience with respect. they will appreciate your thoughtfulness.just remember: be prepared. know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. be brief. say what you have to say and then stop. and be yourself. let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.if you follow these simple steps, you will see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. in fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! you’re not convinced yet? give it a try and see what happens.6．the main idea of this article is . a．that you can improve your speaking ability b．that a poor speaker can never change c．to always make a short speech d．that it is hard to make a speech7．paragraph 2 implies that .  a．many people are afraid of giving a speech b．many people are happy to give a speech c．many people don’t prepare for a speech d．many people talk too long 8．the phrase ＂talk over their heads＂ means . a．speak too loudly b．look at the ceiling c．look down upon them d．use words and ideas that are too difficult9．all of the following statements are true except . a．few people know how to make good speeches b．a lecturer does not need to organize his speech c．research is important in preparing a speech d．there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability10．the title for this passage may be . a．do not make a long speech b．how to give a good speech c．how to prepare for a speech d．try to enjoy a speech第四部分 短文改错several days ago, three lions escaped a zoo in knowxile due to 1． the carelessness of one of the keeper. two of the lions headed for 2． to a nearby grass field where they were immediately caught by their 3． trainer. the third one, however, went into the town and while he saw 4． an open window on the first floor of a private home, he jumped 5． into. inside, he found an elderly lady whose eyesight was failing. 6． she thought the animal was a large dog and patted it on his head. 7． the wild beast paid no attention to him and went into the bedroom 8． where he fell asleep on the mat. it was there where the trainer found  9． the lion. he put him in a cage and carried him back quiet to the zoo.  10． 第五部分：写作 你和jim是小学同班同学，他六年前读完小学就回英国了。最近，你收到他的来信，在信中他问起昔日就读的小学的情况。因此你于几天前回了趟小学，请你参考以下图表，给jim写一封回信。注意：字数100—120左右，开头与结尾已给出，不算入字数内。 参考词汇：植物园botanical garden
　　参考答案
　　a级第一部分 单项填空1—5 a d b a a 6—10 c b d d c
　　b级第一部分 单项填空1—5 bbcdc 6—10 c b aba 11—15 b bbad第二部分 完形填空1—5：bacca 6—10：acddb 11—15：cabca 16—20：dccba第三部分 阅读理解1—5 aaccd 6--10 aadbb第四部分 短文改错1．escaped后from 2．keeper keepers 3．去掉to4．while when 5． 6．into in 7．his the 8．him her 9．where that 10．quiet quietly第五部分：写作one possible version:dear jim,how glad i am to get your letter! it has been 6 years since we left primary school.a few days ago, i paid a visit to our primary school and was delighted to say that great changes have taken place there. the old-3story building has been replaced by a new 8-story one. at the back of it stands a new dormitory building for students, while in the past no students lived in the school. still remember the woods where we had so much fun? i’m sorry to tell you it has been turned into a new library and a botanical garden. to my surprise, the only place that remains the same is the sports ground, our favorite spot. hope you’ll come here again! yours li ming
　　课文翻译
　　月亮宝石
　　《月亮宝石》这部小说以1848年的英国为背景，但是故事却发生在50年前。月亮宝石是一块巨大的黄色的宝石，它曾是印度月亮神雕像的一部分。一位英国人刺杀了三位教士，从寺庙里偷走了宝石，并把它带回了伦敦。当他的姐姐听到这件事后，她不愿对他多说什么。宝石受到了诅咒，这个英国人也过着没有朋友和家人的悲伤而又孤单的生活。当他去世的时候，他把月亮宝石传给了他姐姐的女儿，作为报复行为，连他的恶运也传给了她。雷切尔将会在她十八岁生日宴会的时候收到这块宝石作为生日礼物。
　　雷切尔•韦林德，是一位年轻漂亮而又有钱的女子。她和她的母亲，几个仆人住在英国北方的一个豪宅里。在她生日之前的几天，她和她孩时的朋友富兰克林在她家客厅的门上画上了花草和鸟儿。他们一起努力工作，直到她生日的前一天才完成。富兰克林，这个烟民，对雷切尔是十分的体贴。他用戒烟来取悦雷切尔的举动被仆人们发现了，并以此作为他爱上雷切尔的证据。
　　在雷切尔生日那天，月亮宝石是她最华美的礼物，它的尺寸之大，美丽之罕见令所有来客大为惊奇。但是自从宝石系到她身上那一该起，事情就开始变糟了。是事情的巧合还是宝石的恶运引起了那晚宴会后的紧张而奇怪的事情的发生呢？
　　首先要说的是，一个叫格弗雷的客人，他向雷切­­­尔求婚，但被拒绝了。格弗雷是一位成功的而且十分文雅的未婚男子。深受众女士的追求。在就餐期间，富兰克林提到自从他戒烟以来一直休息不好，而且一位当地的医生坎迪还主动给他开了一个药方，富兰克林认为医生只是向病人推荐药品，这种说法让坎迪医生十分懊恼。后来几个身着怪异服装的印度人来到了宴会现场主动给客人进行娱乐表演，但是他们并不专业而且行为诡异。
　　舞会结束后除富兰克林和格弗雷留下之外，其它所有人都离开了。在上床休息前，雷切尔把宝石放在客厅衣柜的抽屉里，但是第二天早上，宝石不见了。如此贵重的宝石居然丢失了，让雷切尔的母亲很困扰，于是她雇用了一位著名的侦探卡夫中士去调查这一偷窃事件。随着事情的发展，我们发现了那晚在房子里的有关人士的秘密和他们有关有可能偷宝石的理由。
　　起初，卡夫中士怀疑那些印度人。他发现他们不是真正的艺人，而是月亮宝石的追赶随者。他们追随月亮宝石，等待机会把它带回印度。侦探想搞清楚他们是否把宝石藏在房间的某个地方，等到每个人都睡着了，再找机会把它带走。
　　他继续询问有关舞会的问题，而且他知道了富兰克林和坎迪医生的争吵。他还听说格弗雷在雷切尔拒绝他的求婚后十分失望。是医生还是格弗雷拿走了宝石作为他们丢面子的报复呢？
　　仆人们也同样有偷宝石的机会。卡夫中士发现，女佣罗莎娜在雷切尔的母亲雇用她之前曾是个小偷，其它的佣人还报告说，她最近晚上经常在屋里做些什么直到很晚，而且经常独自一人外出散步。罗莎娜好像也很喜欢富兰克林。卡夫中士认为她拿走宝石要么是出于惯偷的原因，要么就是想引起雷切尔和富兰克林的分歧。
　　最后，卡夫中士还考虑到雷切尔和富兰克林。雷切尔执意拒绝卡夫中士对宝石的调查，好像她不想让宝石之谜被揭开。会是她自己偷了宝石吗？也许她欠什么债要还吧。富兰克林，从另一面看，他尽他的力量去帮助侦探，为什么在调查事件困扰着雷切尔的同时，他又是如此的热心呢？
　　卡夫中士得到一条极为重要的线索。他在雷切尔的客厅油渍未干的门上发现了一个舞会期间不存在的污点。不管是谁违了法，在他的衣服上都会留有污点。如果能找到那件带污点的衣服，他就将会找到偷宝石的那个贼。到底是谁偷了月亮宝石呢？
　　揭开月亮宝石之迷月亮宝石事件是十分不寻常的。我知道答案就在雷切尔·韦林德家厅门上的油漆污点上，但是我找不到有污点的衣服。 当时雷切尔的行为十分诡异，尤其是当她拒绝回答我的问题时。我相信她偷走了自己的宝石而且罗沙娜也曾帮助了她。我没想是她的仆人拿走了雷切尔有污点的衣服，藏在了某个地方，然后又偷偷的在她的家里连夜做了一件新的。然而，后来发生的一切却证明我猜错了。 生日过后，雷切尔去了伦敦，在那里，格弗雷再次向她求婚，这次她接受了。然而，当她发现他债务累累，向她求婚只是为得到她的财富时，她又取消了订婚。这使我十分好奇。当我听说几个印度人攻击格弗雷时，我就更感兴趣了。我开始想弄清楚是不是我误解了雷切尔和罗沙娜。 富兰克林·布兰克，同时受到了罗沙娜的一封信，信中说：她知道富兰克林再月亮宝石丢失的那晚干了什么，当她打扫他住的房间时，看到了那见带有污点的衣服。她承认她藏匿了证据，因为她爱他了，不想让他招来麻烦。那封信使富兰克林大为困惑，他决定要把事情告诉雷切尔，即使她还在生她的气。当他们见面时，富兰克林听雷切尔说她看到了他拿走了宝石，但是她拒绝了我的质问去保护他时，他大为震惊。
　　富兰克林为这个消息心神不安。他是真的偷了雷切尔的宝石，而自己却忘记了。在我多年的侦破工作中，我从没有经历过一个小偷会如此的健忘。如果是他头的，他会把宝石藏在哪儿呢？
　　幸好坎迪医生提供了解决的方法。你还记得吗？在雷切尔生日宴会的那个晚上，富兰克林一直遭受缺少睡眠的痛苦，而且因为对医生的评论而惹怒了坎迪医生。后来。坎迪医生在富兰克林的饮料里加了鸦片，以便证明他的药方是起作用的。那晚富兰克林睡得很香，后来梦到了宝石，并在睡梦中，他把宝石拿回了他认为较为安全的地方—他自己的卧室。
　　富兰克林和雷切尔在发现富兰克林根本无罪后，都很高兴。他们如此高兴，我心里也很舒服，但是宝石毕竟丢了。在富兰克林的卧室里，我们没有找到宝石。那么，月亮宝石究竟在哪儿呢？他们请求我继续寻找，我也只好答应找下去。
　　这次我很成功而且终于找到了真正的小偷—格弗雷。事实证明那晚格弗雷也看到富兰克林拿走了宝石，而且他也知道，他自己要把宝石拿走，富兰克林将会受到指控。格弗雷也知道，宝石是解决他经济问题的最好方式，但是，那样也是他麻烦的开始。格弗雷在英国卖掉月亮宝石是不可能的，因为人人都知道宝石是偷的。他努力追求雷切尔，一心只是为钱，但是当雷切尔改变主意后，他别无选择只有去国外卖宝石了。
　　我的侦探工作最后把我带到了我能找到格弗雷的一条船上。但不幸的是，我到的太晚了：格弗雷死了，月亮宝石也不见了。
　　我很尴尬地承认我在调查中犯了许多错误：要是你能猜出是谁违了法，那么你就是比著名的卡夫中士个厉害的侦探。我一直没有找到宝石，我也证明不了是谁杀了格弗雷。然而，我想弄清究竟我所做的是否公正。格弗雷为他的犯罪付出昂贵的代价。他失去了宝石和生命，而富兰克林和雷切尔却深深相爱并准备结婚了。至于月亮宝石，我听说不知是怎么回事，它已经回到了它的故乡--印度，继续点缀在月亮神的前额上。