一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。 一. 开头经典句型 1、对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。 如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us. 2、对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。 如“The Time and the Money (时间和金钱)” 的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don't think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but…… 3、在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget(永远无法忘记)、 remember (记得)、unforgettable(难以忘怀的)、 exciting(令人激动的)、surprising(令人惊讶的)、sad (难过的)…… 如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头还可以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had. 4、在叙事类或论述性的文章中，都可采用疑问型开头，这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。 如“Planting Trees(种树)”的开头可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Don't you think planting trees is …… 再如“Traveling Abroad(出国之旅)”的开头可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore? 5、有的文章，特别是叙事类的文章中，可以采用倒叙的写作手法，先写出事件的＂结果，再陈述过程。 如“Catching Thieves (捉贼)”的开头可以这样写：I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It's a ... story. 二、结尾经典句型 1、随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。 如“Helping the Policeman (帮助警察)”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy. 再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。 2、升华主题在文章的结尾 可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。 如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it. 3、反问结尾，引起深思 这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，而且具有一定的强调作用，可引起他人的深思。 如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure (学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)” 的结尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can …Don't you think learning English is great fun? 4、表达祝愿，阐述愿望 这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。 如“A Letter to the Farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers' life will be better and better. 另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes; I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year; I wish you have a good time等。