quora网民评论为什么中国能长期统一儿印度不能？

　　【狐视天下】为什么中国能长期统一而印度不能?
　　quora用户评论
　　Balaji Viswanathan, History buff.历史爰好者
　　Answered Dec 27,2016 2016年 12月 27号回答
　　Actually, there are 9 empires that ruled about half or more of present day India. These are Nandas, Mauryas, Guptas, Vardhana [Harsha] empire, Palas, Sultanates, Mughals, Marathas and the British. This is comparable to the number of empires of China who ruled about half or more of present day China. There were also others like Cholas, Satvahanas and Rashtrakutas who ruled significant parts and were quite impactful with their art work.
　　事实上，曾经有9个帝国统治着当今印度的一半领土或更多„这些帝国有楠达斯、孔雀王朝 、笈多王
　　朝、瓦尔哈纳(哈沙)帝国、帕拉斯、苏丹国、莫卧儿、马拉松和英国。这相当于统治中国一半或更多 领土的帝国数量。还有一些其它的帝国，比如朱罗国、萨特瓦哈那、罗湿陀罗拘陀，它们曾统治重要地 区，对艺术方面产生深远的影响。
　　I have taken these charts from John Keay* s India
　　以下图表来自John Keay的《印度史》一书。
　　While the premise of the question has been invalidated, there is a broader point. What unified means? Chinese history places a lot of emphasis on the political union. Kings were like gods and due to frequent interruptions, there was a need to keep a strongly centralized system.
　　虽然问题的前提已经失效，但有一个更广泛的观点。什么叫统一?中国历史上非常重视政治联盟。国 王就橡神一样，由于频繁的中断，需要保持一个强大的集权制度。
　　In Indian culture, the kings and political systems were less important. Unlike in other civilizations, kings were not even kept at the top of the social order. While you would find so many ancient temples and universities and god statues, there are hardly anything of any king.
　　在印度文化中，国王和政治制度不那么重要。与其他文明不同的是，国王甚至不在社会秩序的顶 端。虽然印度有许多古老的寺庙，大学和神的雕像，但几乎没有任何国王相关的东西。
　　You could take off a king or even a whole empire and still nothing much would change. This is one reason why India has got fewer revolutions or coups. There was hardly a centralized control that could be easily toppled and made great change.
　　你可以推翻国王，甚至整个帝国，仍然没有什么会改变。这就是印度很少革命或政变的原因之一。
　　几乎没有一个中央集权可以轻易推翻和作出巨大的变化。
　　China was unified politically. India was unified socially. The primary unit of binding India was the caste system. It extended to every corner of India and it formed the legal system, social order, economical pision and other ways of coordinating citizens. Sure like any system it had its own tyranny, slavery and corruption. But, it was a governing system.
　　中国是政治层面的统一，印度是社会层面的统一。连结印度人民的主要是种姓制度。它延伸到印度 的每一个角落，形成了法律制度、社会秩序、经济分工和其他协调公民的方式。当然，像任何制度一样， 它有自己的暴政,奴隶制和腐败。不管怎样，这是_个统治体系。
　　There are also other unifying attributes such as religion and literature. Hinduism/Buddhis rd^inism spread to every corner and the epics Ramayana/Mahabharata distinctly identified the Indian culture.
　　还有其他统一的属性，比如宗教和文学。印度教/佛教/耆那教墓延到每一个角落，史诗《罗摩衍 那》和《摩诃婆罗多》鲜明地印证了印度文化。
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