美乌能源伙伴关系计划建造五座新反应堆

　　乌克兰和美国已同意＂深化和加强＂两国在能源领域的战略合作。核电牵头与赫梅利尼茨基  4  号机组的项目达成了一系列协议，随后是四台新的 AP1000 机组，总价值为 300 亿美元。
　　美国能源部长詹妮弗·格兰霍姆说，昨天在华盛顿特区签署的协议标志着＂与乌克兰的气候和能源合作的新篇章＂。乌克兰能源部长赫尔曼·加卢申科说：＂我们有共同的目标，其中关键是能源部门的脱碳以及在东欧实现高水平的能源安全和稳定。＂
　　乌克兰总统泽连斯基访问美国期间，两国签署了关于加强双边能源和气候合作的联合声明。它指出：＂参与者打算通过制定和实施一项全面的能源部门计划，努力使乌克兰经济脱碳，确保其能源安全和出口潜力，该计划规定在核能、太阳能和风能、氢能、能源领域开展互利合作。存储、碳捕获利用和存储、网络和物理安全以及其他供需方技术。＂
　　新反应堆
　　实现这些共同目标的关键将是通过美国技术和反应堆供应商西屋电气与乌克兰核运营商 Energoatom 之间的项目来扩大乌克兰的核电。他们之间的合作备忘录由西屋公司总裁兼首席执行官帕特里克·弗拉格曼和 Energoatom 代理总裁彼得·科廷签署。
　　作为一个＂试点项目＂，Energoatom 和西屋公司设想共同完成赫梅利尼茨基核电站的第四座反应堆。该反应堆于 1987 年作为 VVER 设计反应堆开始，但建设在完成 28% 时停滞不前，乌克兰多年来一直希望完成它。两家公司计划＂使用 AP1000 技术＂完成它，但没有解释如何将两种截然不同的压水反应堆设计结合起来。
　　Energoatom 和 Westinghouse 还预计将在现有的乌克兰核电厂建造四台新的 AP1000 机组。根据他们的声明，这些和 Khmelnitsky 4 的总价值高达 300 亿美元。
　　西屋电气表示，这些项目将＂为 Energoatom 和乌克兰提供采购、建设、许可、运营、维护和本地化的好处＂。加卢申科说：＂深化 Energoatom 与西屋电气的伙伴关系将有助于加强我国的能源安全。我们将以能源安全和国家独立为重点，扩大与美国公司的合作。  ＂
　　AP1000 机组的容量约为 1150 MWe，其中 5 台将使乌克兰的核电容量从目前的 13,100 MWe 增加到 17,700 MWe。国际能源署 2018 年的数据表明，如此规模的扩张可能会使核能提供乌克兰高达 72% 的电力，并使其可以选择减少目前从煤炭中获得的 31% 或从天然气中获得的 7%。
　　原文阅读：
　　Ukraine and the USA have agreed to ＂deepen and intensify＂ their strategic cooperation in energy. Nuclear power leads a suite of agreements with a project to complete Khmelnitsky unit 4, followed up with four new AP1000 units at a total value of USD30 billion.
　　Agreements signed in Washington DC yesterday signalled ＂a new chapter of climate and energy cooperation with Ukraine,＂ US Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said. Her counterpart, the energy minister of Ukraine Herman Galushchenko, said, ＂We have common goals, among which the key is the decarbonisation of the energy sector and the achievement of a high level of energy security and stability in Eastern Europe.＂
　　The countries signed a joint statement on enhancing bilateral energy and climate cooperation during a visit to the USA by Ukraine＂s President Volodymyr Zelensky. It states: ＂The participants intend to work to decarbonise Ukraine＂s economy and ensure its energy security and export potential by developing and implementing a comprehensive energy sector plan, one that provides for mutually beneficial cooperation in nuclear energy, solar and wind energy, hydrogen, energy storage, carbon capture utilisation and storage, cyber and physical security, and other supply and demand-side technologies.＂
　　New reactors
　　Key to achieving these joint goals will be the expansion of nuclear power in Ukraine by way of a project between US technology and reactor vendor Westinghouse and Ukraine＂s nuclear operator Energoatom. A Memorandum of Cooperation between them was signed by Patrick Fragman, Westinghouse president and CEO, and Petro Kotin, acting president of Energoatom.
　　As a ＂pilot project＂, Energoatom and Westinghouse envisage jointly completing the fourth reactor at the Khmelnitsky nuclear power plant. This reactor started out as a VVER design reactor in 1987, but construction stalled at 28% completion and Ukraine has wanted to finish it for many years. The companies plan to complete it ＂using AP1000 technology＂ but did not explain how the two very different designs of pressurised water reactor would be combined.
　　Energoatom and Westinghouse also foresee four new AP1000 units being built at existing Ukrainian nuclear power plants. The total value of these and Khmelnitsky 4 is up to USD30 billion, according to their statements.
　　Westinghouse said the projects would ＂provide Energoatom and Ukraine with procurement, construction, licensing, operation, maintenance and localisation benefits.＂ Galushchenko said, ＂Deepening Energoatom＂s partnership with Westinghouse will help strengthen our country＂s energy security. We will expand cooperation with the American company with a focus on energy security and independence of our state.＂
　　AP1000 units have a capacity of around 1150 MWe and five of them would take Ukraine＂s nuclear generation capacity from today＂s 13,100 MWe to 17,700 MWe. International Energy Agency figures for 2018 indicate that expansion on this scale could see nuclear providing as much as 72% of Ukraine＂s electricity and giving it the option to reduce the 31% it currently gets from coal or the 7% it gets from natural gas.