MATLAB的guide制作平抛运动GUI界面步骤加程序

　　平抛运动：物体以一定的初速度沿水平方向抛出，如果物体运动过程中仅受重力作用。平抛运动可看作：水平方向的匀速直线运动以及竖直方向做自由落体运动的合运动。
　　1.界面设计
　　MATLAB提供了可视化的用户界面开发环境(GUDevelopment Environment, GUIDE),实现＂所见即所得＂。GUIDE可方便的创建GuI应用程序,它可以根据用户设计的GUI布局,自动生成M文件的框架,用户使用这一框架编制自己的应用程序。在MATLAB的命令行窗口中键入guide可以打开GUIDE。不过目前matlab更推荐使用appdesigner。
　　步骤1：在MATLAB命令窗口输入guide
　　Blank GUI(默认) 一GUI with Uicontrols(带控件对象的GUI模板) GUI with Axes and Menu(带坐标轴与菜单的GUI模板) Modal Question Dialog(带模式问话对话框的GUI模板)
　　选择模板创建gui后，保存文件后，会产生.fig文件以及一个同名字的M文件（注：不可更改为不一致的文件名，否则运行要出错，如果需要修改就是要把程序中的所有相同的名称进行修改）。
　　步骤2：设计并完成GUI的图形控件布局
　　完成布局后fig界面如下
　　使用的控件包括静态文本控件、可编辑文本控件、面板控件、普通按钮控件、坐标区控件。
　　对于控件和界面画布要统一修改的属性是FontUnits（字体单位）、Units(测量单位属性)。因为不同人的电脑的屏幕大小不同，我们设计的GUI界面的控件大小最好是要能够适应所有尺寸的大小，因为将FontUnits和 Units属性都设置为normalized属性。
　　（1）FontUnits - 字体单位
　　＂points＂ （默认） | ＂normalized＂ | ＂inches＂ | ＂centimeters＂ | ＂pixels＂
　　字体单位，指定为下表中的值之一。
　　单位值
　　说明
　　＂points＂
　　磅。1 磅等于 1/72 英寸。
　　＂normalized＂
　　归一化值，将字体大小指定为高度的一定比例。当您调整 UI 组件的大小时，MATLAB 会缩放显示的字体以保持该比例。
　　＂inches＂
　　英寸。
　　＂centimeters＂
　　厘米。
　　＂pixels＂
　　像素。
　　(2) Units - 测量单位
　　＂pixels＂ （默认） | ＂normalized＂ | ＂inches＂ | ＂centimeters＂ | ＂points＂ | ＂characters＂
　　步骤3 设置各个按键的回调函数以及相应控件的程序
　　（1）修改界面左上角的名称的程序要在GUI的打开的回调函数中执行。function pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn. % hObject    handle to figure % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % varargin   command line arguments to pingpaoGUI (see VARARGIN)   % Choose default command line output for pingpaoGUI handles.output = hObject; movegui(gcf,＂center＂); set(gcf,＂NumberTitle＂,＂off＂,＂Name＂,＂平抛运动GUI计算系统＂); % Update handles structure guidata(hObject, handles);   % UIWAIT makes pingpaoGUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME) % uiwait(handles.figure1);
　　（2）开始计算按键的回调函数，将平抛运动的过程转化为编程语言，同时获取平抛运动的参数，实现过程绘图。function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) H = str2num(get(handles.edit1,＂string＂)); v0= str2num(get(handles.edit2,＂string＂)); g = 9.8; T= sqrt(2*H/g); X= v0*T; t = 0:0.01:T; xt = v0.*t; yt = v0*T-1/2*g.*t; S = H-1/2.*g*(xt/v0).^2; vx = v0+zeros(1,length(t)); vy = g.*t; v = sqrt(vx.^2+vy.^2); axes(handles.axes1); plot(xt,S,＂linewidth＂,2); xlabel(＂水平位移(m)＂); ylabel(＂高度(m)＂); grid on; hold on; title(＂小球运行轨迹图＂); axes(handles.axes2); plot(t,v,＂linewidth＂,2); xlabel(＂时间(s)＂); ylabel(＂速度(m/s)＂); grid on; hold on; title(＂小球速度随时间变化图＂); set(handles.edit3,＂string＂,num2str(T)); set(handles.edit4,＂string＂,num2str(X));
　　（3）清除按键，将输入的数据中的文本设置为空，同时将在坐标区控件上的内容清除。function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) set(handles.edit1,＂string＂,＂＂); set(handles.edit2,＂string＂,＂＂); set(handles.edit3,＂string＂,＂＂); set(handles.edit4,＂string＂,＂＂);   try     delete(allchild(handles.axes1)); end try     delete(allchild(handles.axes2)); end
　　（4）关闭按键，关闭当前的GUI界面。function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)   closereq;
　　2.界面使用说明
　　基于MATLAB的GUI界面设计了一个操作简单平抛运动GUI计算界面如下：
　　点击运行pingpaoGUI.m——输入平抛运动的抛出高度和水平初速度——点击开始计算即可出现结果。需要GUI的.m程序和fig文件，可以进行打赏后截图（10元及以上），进行联系，或者在微信公众号云龙派，点击＂联系掌门＂进行联系，或者在公众号内回复截图，几小时内会回复。界面编程不易，还请见谅！ 注：平抛运动GUI的完整程序在文章结尾部分，可以自行观看操作视频通过guide设计gui界面，实现相应的功能。
　　2.界面举例计算
　　Step1：输入平抛运动的高度和初速度
　　Step2：点击开始运动
　　Step3：可以继续输入新的高度，初速度保持不变。
　　Step3：可以继续输入新的初速度，高度保持不变。
　　3.GUI完整程序如下  function varargout = pingpaoGUI(varargin) % PINGPAOGUI MATLAB code for pingpaoGUI.fig %      PINGPAOGUI, by itself, creates a new PINGPAOGUI or raises the existing %      singleton*. % %      H = PINGPAOGUI returns the handle to a new PINGPAOGUI or the handle to %      the existing singleton*. % %      PINGPAOGUI(＂CALLBACK＂,hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local %      function named CALLBACK in PINGPAOGUI.M with the given input arguments. % %      PINGPAOGUI(＂Property＂,＂Value＂,...) creates a new PINGPAOGUI or raises the %      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are %      applied to the GUI before pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn gets called.  An %      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application %      stop.  All inputs are passed to pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn via varargin. % %      *See GUI Options on GUIDE＂s Tools menu.  Choose ＂GUI allows only one %      instance to run (singleton)＂. % % See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES   % Edit the above text to modify the response to help pingpaoGUI   % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 15-Dec-2022 19:57:46   % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT gui_Singleton = 1; gui_State = struct(＂gui_Name＂,       mfilename, ...                    ＂gui_Singleton＂,  gui_Singleton, ...                    ＂gui_OpeningFcn＂, @pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn, ...                    ＂gui_OutputFcn＂,  @pingpaoGUI_OutputFcn, ...                    ＂gui_LayoutFcn＂,  [] , ...                    ＂gui_Callback＂,   []); if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})     gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1}); end   if nargout     [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); else     gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); end % End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT     % --- Executes just before pingpaoGUI is made visible. function pingpaoGUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn. % hObject    handle to figure % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % varargin   command line arguments to pingpaoGUI (see VARARGIN)   % Choose default command line output for pingpaoGUI handles.output = hObject; movegui(gcf,＂center＂); set(gcf,＂NumberTitle＂,＂off＂,＂Name＂,＂平抛运动GUI计算系统＂); % Update handles structure guidata(hObject, handles);   % UIWAIT makes pingpaoGUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME) % uiwait(handles.figure1);     % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line. function varargout = pingpaoGUI_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)  % varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT); % hObject    handle to figure % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)   % Get default command line output from handles structure varargout{1} = handles.output;     % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1. function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) H = str2num(get(handles.edit1,＂string＂)); v0= str2num(get(handles.edit2,＂string＂)); g = 9.8; T= sqrt(2*H/g); X= v0*T; t = 0:0.01:T; xt = v0.*t; yt = v0*T-1/2*g.*t; S = H-1/2.*g*(xt/v0).^2; vx = v0+zeros(1,length(t)); vy = g.*t; v = sqrt(vx.^2+vy.^2); axes(handles.axes1); plot(xt,S,＂linewidth＂,2); xlabel(＂水平位移(m)＂); ylabel(＂高度(m)＂); grid on; hold on; title(＂小球运行轨迹图＂); axes(handles.axes2); plot(t,v,＂linewidth＂,2); xlabel(＂时间(s)＂); ylabel(＂速度(m/s)＂); grid on; hold on; title(＂小球速度随时间变化图＂); set(handles.edit3,＂string＂,num2str(T)); set(handles.edit4,＂string＂,num2str(X)); % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2. function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) set(handles.edit1,＂string＂,＂＂); set(handles.edit2,＂string＂,＂＂); set(handles.edit3,＂string＂,＂＂); set(handles.edit4,＂string＂,＂＂);   try     delete(allchild(handles.axes1)); end try     delete(allchild(handles.axes2)); end   % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3. function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)   closereq;   function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)   % Hints: get(hObject,＂String＂) returns contents of edit1 as text %        str2double(get(hObject,＂String＂)) returns contents of edit1 as a double     % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called   % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows. %       See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,＂BackgroundColor＂), get(0,＂defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor＂))     set(hObject,＂BackgroundColor＂,＂white＂); end       function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to edit2 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)   % Hints: get(hObject,＂String＂) returns contents of edit2 as text %        str2double(get(hObject,＂String＂)) returns contents of edit2 as a double     % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to edit2 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called   % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows. %       See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,＂BackgroundColor＂), get(0,＂defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor＂))     set(hObject,＂BackgroundColor＂,＂white＂); end       function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to edit3 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)   % Hints: get(hObject,＂String＂) returns contents of edit3 as text %        str2double(get(hObject,＂String＂)) returns contents of edit3 as a double     % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to edit3 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called   % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows. %       See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,＂BackgroundColor＂), get(0,＂defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor＂))     set(hObject,＂BackgroundColor＂,＂white＂); end       function edit4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to edit4 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)   % Hints: get(hObject,＂String＂) returns contents of edit4 as text %        str2double(get(hObject,＂String＂)) returns contents of edit4 as a double     % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function edit4_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject    handle to edit4 (see GCBO) % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called   % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows. %       See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,＂BackgroundColor＂), get(0,＂defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor＂))     set(hObject,＂BackgroundColor＂,＂white＂); end
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　　作 者 | 郭志龙
　　编 辑 | 郭志龙
　　校 对 | 郭志龙