linux必知必会du命令学习笔记
du命令简介du命令是linux系统里的文件大小查看的命令。du命令的应用场景十分广泛：需要查看单个目录里面多个文件总大小。需要查看目录中每个文件的大小以及每个子文件夹中文件的大小。查看日志文件的大小。查看文件大小并排序，找出最大的或最小的文件。其它需要统计文件大小的场景。ls,df也有类似的功能，但是du更侧重于文件大小，并且更灵活好用。是运维人员、服务端开发人员以及其他linux用户很好的工具。掌握du命令的用法十分有必要。du命令的使用查看帮助$ du --help Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]... or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -0, --null end each output line with NUL, not newline -a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories --apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in (＂sparse＂) files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like -B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., ＂-BM＂ prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below -b, --bytes equivalent to ＂--apparent-size --block-size=1＂ -c, --total produce a grand total -D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line -d, --max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize --files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F; if F is -, then read names from standard input -H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D) -h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) --inodes list inode usage information instead of block usage -k like --block-size=1K -L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links -l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked -m like --block-size=1M -P, --no-dereference don＂t follow any symbolic links (this is the default) -S, --separate-dirs for directories do not include size of subdirectories --si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 -s, --summarize display only a total for each argument -t, --threshold=SIZE exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative --time show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories --time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status --time-style=STYLE show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in ＂date＂ -X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE --exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN -x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set). The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on. GNU coreutils online help: Full documentation or available locally via: info ＂(coreutils) du invocation＂du -h:查看当前目录各文件占用磁盘大小$ du -h 8.0K ./.git/refs/heads 8.0K ./.git/refs/remotes/origin 12K ./.git/refs/remotes 4.0K ./.git/refs/tags 28K ./.git/refs 4.0K ./.git/branches 8.0K ./.git/info 2.0M ./.git/objects/pack 4.0K ./.git/objects/info 2.0M ./.git/objects 8.0K ./.git/logs/refs/heads 8.0K ./.git/logs/refs/remotes/origin 12K ./.git/logs/refs/remotes 24K ./.git/logs/refs 32K ./.git/logs 52K ./.git/hooks 2.1M ./.git 2.5M .du -s 查看文件夹总大小$ du -s .git 2104 .gitdu -hd1 查看当前目录下各目录文件大小，层级深度为1$ du -hd1 .git 28K .git/refs 4.0K .git/branches 8.0K .git/info 2.0M .git/objects 32K .git/logs 52K .git/hooks 2.1M .gitdu -ah1 查看所有文件大小，深度为1.$ du -ahd1 4.0K ./arg.h 20K ./config.h 2.1M ./.git 4.0K ./win.h 4.0K ./Makefile 4.0K ./config.mk 4.0K ./README 56K ./st.c 20K ./config.def.h 4.0K ./TODO 48K ./x.c 52K ./x.o 4.0K ./LICENSE 12K ./FAQ 52K ./st.o 4.0K ./st.1 4.0K ./st.info 92K ./st 4.0K ./st.h 4.0K ./LEGACY 2.5M .查看文件大小并按由大到小的顺序排序$ du -ahd1 | sort -hr 2.5M . 2.1M ./.git 92K ./st 56K ./st.c 52K ./x.o 52K ./st.o 48K ./x.c 20K ./config.h 20K ./config.def.h 12K ./FAQ 4.0K ./win.h 4.0K ./TODO 4.0K ./st.info 4.0K ./st.h 4.0K ./st.1 4.0K ./README 4.0K ./Makefile 4.0K ./LICENSE 4.0K ./LEGACY 4.0K ./config.mk 4.0K ./arg.h
