宾语从句学习指要

　　用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如：
　　he asked what you were doing last night. 他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。
　　i didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。
　　can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last sunday? 你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗？
　　在宾语从句中须注意：
　　1. that 在口语中常被省略，但在正式的文体中，不能省；并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如：
　　i didn’t know (that) he was li lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。
　　i will do anything i can to help you except that i’m ill. 只要我身体舒服，我愿做任何事情来帮助你。
　　2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句末，此时的that不能省。如：
　　the boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。
　　3. 动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should) do的形式。
　　he asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。
　　the teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。
　　4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应.
　　1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如：
　　he always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的好朋友。
　　when the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我们做了一件好事。
　　2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如：
　　he didn’t tell us he came from shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。
　　he said he had read the book. 他说他读过这本书。
　　3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。
　　chairman mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。
　　when we were children, we were told that china is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。
　　宾语从句用法详解(例句丰富)
　　一、宾语从句的引导词
　　宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导：
　　1. that引导
　　we believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。
　　the doctor insists that i give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。
　　i suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。
　　i suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。
　　we learnt from his letter that he was in spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。
　　the seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。
　　2. whether / if引导
　　i don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。
　　i didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。
　　i’ll see whether i can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。
　　i asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。
　　he enquired if her parents spoke spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。
　　i wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。
　　she didn’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。
　　3. 连接代词引导
　　i don’t know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指谁。
　　please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。
　　i’il do whatever i can do. 我将做我所能做的事。
　　you can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。
　　we’ll do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。
　　take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。
　　give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。
　　you don’t know what you are talking about. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。
　　tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。
　　4. 连接副词引导
　　he asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。
　　you don’t know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。
　　i asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。
　　he knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。
　　have you found out how wide the ditch was? 你了解到那条沟有多宽吗?
　　i’d like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。
　　we didn’t know why he had answered in that fashion. 我们不明白他为什么这样回答。
　　3. 关系代词what引导
　　she has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。
　　i want to tell you what i hear. 我想把听到的情况告诉你。
　　he could not express what he felt. 他无法表达内心的感受。
　　they did what they could to console her. 他们尽量安慰她。
　　they thought they could do what they liked with him. 他们以为他们可以对他为所欲为。
　　【注意】有时介词后可接一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句)：
　　from what you say, he is right. 根据你所说的，他是对的。
　　有极个别介词(如but, except)可接that引导的宾语从句：
　　she remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。
　　比较下面两句用what引导的宾语从句，它们的意思不一样：
　　he began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。
　　二、宾语从句与形式宾语it
　　当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末：
　　i think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
　　he hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。
　　she found it difficult to answer the question. 她发现回答这个问题很困难。
　　he feels it his duty to hetp others. 他认为帮助别人是他的责任。
　　he thought it best to be on his guard. 他认为他最好还是要警惕。
　　he made it a rule to speak in parliament at least once every session. 他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发一次言。
　　i find it interesting talking go you. 我觉得同你谈话很有意思。
　　i consider it wrong to cheat in an examination. 我认为考试作弊是不对的。
　　三、连词that的省略问题
　　引导宾语从句的连词that 通常可以省略：
　　she said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
　　i promise you (that) i will be there. 我答应你我会去。
　　i hoped (that) i would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
　　he thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。
　　he thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。
　　i expect (that) the plane will he perted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。
　　i expected (that) the plane would be perted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。
　　everybody knows (that) money doesn’t grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。
　　i suggested (that) they should / shouldn’t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。
　　【注】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：
　　that she is a good girl i know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。
　　四、宾语从句与否定转移
　　当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语：
　　i don’t suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。
　　i don’t imagine that he will come. 我想他不会来的。(from www.yygrammar.com)
　　i don’t think we need waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间
　　we didn’t think we’d be this late. 我们没想到我们会到得这么晚。
　　i don’t suppose i’ll trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻烦你了。