Unitampnbsp1ampnbspFestivalsampnbsparoundampnbsptheampnbspworld

　　unit 1 festivals around the world
　　teaching aims and demands
　　1.topic:
　　1>festivals
　　2> how festivals begin
　　3>how to celebrate festivals
　　2.function:
　　>request
　　eg: could you please…?
　　could i have …?
　　i look forward to doing…
　　2>thanks
　　eg: it’s a pleasure. /don’t mention it.
　　it’s very kind of you to…
　　i’d love to …
　　thank you very much./thanks a lot.
　　you are most welcome.
　　3.vocabulary:
　　4.grammar: 情态动词的用法
　　jin can speak english well. (ability)
　　could you please show me the way to …? (request)
　　may we see the awards for the team? (permission)
　　she might give you … (possibility)
　　the whole family will come for dinner. (promise)
　　often he would dress up like a rich man. (past habit)
　　we would be there with our friends. (promise)
　　ii.key points
　　the first period
　　new words and expressions
　　1.take place 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，无进行时，指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。
　　when did their quarrel take place?
　　our school sports meeting will take place next friday.
　　辨析：take place指事情有计划地发生；happen指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见的意思；另外，happen还有＂碰巧＂之意；break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。
　　take one’s place 就座；代替某人
　　take the place of 代替
　　in place of …代替
　　in place 在适当的位置；适合
　　2.harvest n.&v.收获；收割
　　farmers are extremely busy during the harvest.
　　farmers are busy harvesting crops in the fields.
　　3.starve vi.&vt.（使）饿死；饿得要死
　　the lady is starving herself trying to lose weight.
　　they tried to starve the army to give in.
　　they got lost in the desert and starved to death.
　　2)starve for sth 渴望获得某物，缺乏
　　the homeless children are starving for love.
　　3) 感觉很饿（仅用于进行时）
　　when will the dinner be ready?
　　i’m starving.
　　starvation (n.) 饿死
　　eg. die of starvation
　　starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的工资
　　4.origin n.起源；开端
　　some japanese words are of chinese origin.
　　搭配：the origin of civilization 文明的起源
　　the origin of the human race 人类的起源
　　5.in memory of 纪念；追念 （一般指对死者的纪念）
　　this library was built in memory of lu xun.
　　6.dress up 盛装；打扮
　　she dressed up as a lawyer.
　　we dressed up for our friends’ wedding.
　　the whole family are dressing up the christmas tree.
　　7.trick n. 玩笑；戏法
　　play a trick on 捉弄某人
　　the naughty boy loves playing tricks on others.
　　8.arrival n. 到达，抵达
　　on one’s arrival/on arriving 一到达……
　　on our arrival at the farm, we were warmly welcomed by the farmers.
　　he was rushed to the hospital but he was dead on arrival.
　　9.gain vt. 获得，得到
　　gain a reputation 获得声望
　　gain weight/speed/height 增加体重、速度、高度
　　gain time 赢得时间
　　he has gained a lot of friends.
　　within two weeks , she gained five pounds in weight.
　　10.gather vt.&vi. 搜集；集合；聚集
　　gather speed 加快速度
　　gather experience 积累经验
　　gather flesh 长肉
　　the truck gathered speed.
　　on fridays the men gather together at the club.
　　the farmers are gathering (in) crops in the fields.
　　11.award n.奖；奖品；vt.授予；判定
　　she won the best actress award in the 12th film festival.
　　她在第十二届电影节上或最佳女演员奖。
　　he was awarded the first prize for being the best singer.
　　the university awarded her a scholarship.
　　大学给她颁发了奖学金。
　　12.admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕
　　admire oneself 自我欣赏
　　admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人
　　admire sb. sth. 钦佩某人的某方面
　　we stopped to admire the view.
　　stop looking in the mirror admiring yourself.
　　everybody admires him for his fine sense of humour.
　　人人羡慕他那极好的幽默感。
　　13.look forward to 盼望；期望
　　the children are looking forward to visiting the great wall.
　　mother says she is looking forward to meeting you.
　　devote …to…把……致力于……
　　pay attention to 注意……
　　lead to 导致；通向
　　get down to 开始认真做……
　　be/get/become used to 习惯于……
　　14.day and night 日夜
　　i think of you day and night.
　　15.as though/if 好像，似乎
　　1）既可引导表语从句又可引导状语从句，根据实际情况使用虚拟语气。
　　the teacher treats his students as though/if they were his own children.
　　mother looked as though/if she had known the thing completely.
　　2）引导从句或后接带to的不定式，从句用陈述语气。
　　he shook his head as though/as if to say no.
　　we’ve missed the bus. it looks as though/as if we’ll have to take a taxi.
　　16.have fun with 跟某人一起尽情玩耍
　　i had great fun at the party with my friends.
　　have tons of fun! 玩得开心点！
　　17.permission n.允许，准许，同意
　　with ith one’s permission 经某人允许
　　without permission 未经允许
　　with your permission, i’ll leave now.
　　would you give me permission to take this?
　　permit vt.&vi.允许，许可；n.执照，许可证
　　allow vt. 允许, 准许
　　18.turn up 出现，到场
　　she turned up at the last moment.
　　the ancient tomb was turned up.那座古墓被挖了。
　　i feel cold and i’d like to turn the heat up a little.
　　turn on 打开；转开
　　turn off 改变方向；关掉
　　turn out 证明是，结果是；关掉；生产，制造
　　turn to 变成；转向；求助于
　　19.keep one’s word 守信用；履行诺言
　　i hope you’ll always keep your word.
　　break one’s word 失信
　　keep /break one’s promise 守信、失信
　　a man of one’s word 有信用的人
　　20.hold one’s breath 屏息
　　i just held my breath and prayed i wouldn’t be found.
　　we held our breath while mr. green read the exam results.
　　21.apologize vi. 道歉；辩白
　　apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因做某事向某人道歉
　　apologize to sb. that +从句 因向……某人道歉
　　she apologized deeply for being late.
　　i apologized to my mother that i went home late.
　　make an apology to sb. for doing sth.
　　22.drown vt.&vi. 淹没；溺死；淹死
　　he drowned the mice.
　　the floods drowned the streets and houses.
　　a drowning man 一个溺水的人（还未淹死）
　　a drowned man 一个溺水而亡的人
　　23.obvious adj.明显的；显而易见的
　　it is /was obvious (to sb. ) that
　　it is obvious that he told you a lie.
　　24.set off 出发；动身；使爆炸
　　all the family set off in search of the missing boy.
　　our manager will set off for australia.
　　the bomb could be set off by the slightest touch.
　　最轻微的碰撞都可能引爆这颗炸弹。
　　25.remind vt.提醒；使想起
　　remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
　　remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
　　remind sb. that … 使某人想起……；提醒某人……
　　hearing that song always reminds me of my childhood.
　　remind me to get up early.
　　i’ll call jane to remind her that we will meet at 8.
　　26.forgive vt.原谅；宽恕；饶恕
　　forgive sb. sth. 宽恕某人某事
　　forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人做某事
　　forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事
　　i forgave him his mistake.
　　i’ll never forgive you for what you said to me last night.
　　the second period
　　warming up and fast reading
　　1.greetings
　　2.warming up
　　step 1 discussing the following questions
　　a.how was your holiday/spring festival?
　　b.did you go traveling?
　　c.how much pocket money did you get?
　　step 2 talking
　　1). name some festivals
　　spring festival dragon boat festival lantam festival mid-autumn festival
　　army day may day teachers’ day
　　new year national day mother’s day
　　children’s day father’s day
　　christmas day halloween carnival
　　easter valentine day oben
　　2).ss work in groups of four and list five chinese festivals and siscuss when they take place , what they celevrate and one thing that people do at that time. then fill in the blanks.
　　festivals time of year/date celebrate for things to do
　　mid-autumn day
　　spring festival
　　dragon boat day
　　tomb sweeping day
　　lantern festival
　　3.pre-reading
　　1) what’s your favourite holiday of the year? why?
　　2) what festivals or celebration do you enjoy in your city or town? do you like spending festivals with your family or with friends? what part of a festival do you like best—the music, the things to see, the visits or the food?
　　4. fast reading and find the answers to the following questions.
　　a.what did ancient festivals celebrate?
　　b.what are festivals of the dead for ?
　　c.why are autumn festivals happy events ?
　　d.name three things people do at spring festival ?
　　the third & fourth period
　　intensive reading
　　1.read the passage paragraph by paragraph and find the main ideas of each paragraph
　　paragraph 1: all kinds of celebration in ancient time.
　　paragraph 2: the purpose to honour the dead and three examples
　　festivals time things people do
　　oben
　　day of the dead
　　halloween
　　paragraph 3: the reasons why we honour people
　　festivals who does it celebrate ?
　　dragon boat festivals
　　clumbus day
　　indian national festival
　　paragraph 4: autumn festivals are happy events
　　paragraph 5: how people celebrate in spring festivals
　　2．language points
　　1)be meant to do sth.意在干某事；应该干某事
　　the meeting is meant to deal with some important problems.
　　you are meant to write your name at the top of the paper.
　　辨析：
　　mean to do sth. 打算做某事
　　mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
　　i have been meaning to phone you all the week.
　　not catching the early bus means waiting for another two hours.
　　2）satisfy (vt.)使满意，令人满意
　　eg.that answer won’t satisfy her.
　　那个答案不会使她满意。
　　satisfied （adj.） 满意的（主语是人）
　　satisfactory (adj.) 令人满意的（主语是事而不是人）
　　satisfying （adj.） 令人满意的（主语是事）
　　satisfaction （n.） 满意
　　eg. she’s satisfied with her son’s progress.
　　对于儿子的进步她感到很满意。
　　do you think what he said is satisfying?
　　你认为他所讲的令人满意吗？
　　3)gain n.获得物，收获，增加
　　eg.the baby has a gain of half a pound.
　　v.获得，得到，增加
　　eg.he had gained himself a reputation for unfairness.
　　他是自己得到了一个不公平的名声。
　　比较: get 得到，获得 应用最广的词
　　aquire 获得，取得 指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得
　　gain 得到，获得 往往指通过努力而获得某种有益或有利的东西
　　eg.i got a favorite answer.
　　how did she acquire her skill?
　　i hope you will gain still greater success.
　　4) …some people might win awards for their animals…
　　award n.奖品，奖金，助学金
　　win the second award 获得第二等奖
　　win the award of ten thousand dollars.
　　获得一万美元奖金
　　vt.奖励，授予 award sb. sth./sth to sb.
　　medals are awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.
　　奖章授给辩论队中最佳的演说者。
　　比较： award n./vt. 对鼓励工作突出所进行的鼓励，往往强调荣誉
　　prize n. 多指在各类竞赛或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种将有的凭靠能力，有的凭靠运气获得。
　　reward n./v 指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。
　　eg. he won the award for the best student of the year.
　　a prize was given to the person who had the winning number.
　　the waitress was given two more extra dollars for her good service.
　　admire sb. for sth. 因谋事而赞美/仰慕某人
　　5)the country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow
　　as though =as if 引导状语从句，常常放在act, look, sound, feel, smell
　　等动词后面；引导表语从句常用虚拟语气。
　　eg. he behaves as though nothing has happened.
　　it looks as if it were summer already.
　　the fifth period
　　discovering useful structures: modal verbs
　　1. 情态动词的各种语气
　　1) can and could
　　jin can speak english well.(ability)
　　no one could finish the test last week.(ability)
　　the teacher said that we could not leave early.(permission)
　　the hunters are lost. they could starve.(possibility)
　　could you please show me the way to beihai park?(request)
　　注意：表示一般能力时，can 可与be able to 互换，但表示过去的能力+特定行为时，用was/were able to ,be able to 可用于各种时态，而can 只能用于现在时。
　　eg.his mother wasn’t at home, so he was able to watch tv
　　2) may and might
　　may we see the awards for teams?(permission,request)
　　she might give yousome new clothing.(possibility)
　　注意：1.表示许可时，用于第一人称，指我（们）被允许做某事；由于其他人称，则指说话者允许主语做某事。
　　eg.we might go shopping until dark.(我们被允许)
　　mother said:＂you might go shopping until dark.＂ （说话者允许主语做某事）
　　2.在用于请求许可时，may可与can/could 互换
　　3）will and would
　　the spring festival is the most fun. the whole family will come for dinner.(promise;agreement)
　　often he would dress up like a rich man.(past habit; custom)
　　would you like to join us for dinner?(request)
　　注意：would 与 used to 均可表示＂过去惯常＂，但是would 常与过去时间状语连用，意为总是，总要；used to 与现在时间相比，意为过去常常，暗示现在已经没有了。
　　eg.when he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day?
　　he used to go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day,but now he goes to play basketball.
　　4)shall and should
　　the harvest festival begins on saturday.we shall be there with our friends.(promise, agreement)
　　it’s nearly five o’clock. the taxi should be here soon.(prodiction)
　　注意：1.shall 用于第一，三人称的疑问句中，表示说或者征求对方的意见，或向对方请示。
　　eg.shall we go shopping after school?
　　2.should have done 表示过去应该做而没有做
　　should not have done 表示过去不用做而却做了
　　5）must and can’t
　　wang feng wins an award every year. he must be very strong.(speculation)
　　you must be joking. that can’t be true. (guessing)
　　对现在的事情进行把握较大的判断时，肯定判断用must+动词原形，否定判断用can’t+动词原形。
　　she must be in the library.
　　she can’t be in the room.
　　2.modal verbs+ have done
　　一、情态动词+动词完成式
　　情态动词+动词完成式即＂情态动词+ have + done分词＂，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。
　　1. must have done表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could) 来表示.
　　since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.
　　he can’t have missed the way. i drew him a map.
　　＂the dictionary has disappeared. who could have taken it?＂
　　当然对现在发生或将来发生的事情,要用must do 表示猜测, 否定为can’t do.
　　he must understand that we mean business.
　　you must be hungry after a long walk.
　　2.may / might have done
　　may / might have done 表示推测过去某事＂也许＂发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如：
　　i can’t find my keys. i may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
　　3. could have done 在肯定句型中, 往往用作委婉的批评. 本应该做什么,而没做; 有时也用作猜测.
　　you could have told us earlier.
　　tom could have taken the dictionary.
　　4. ought to / should have done和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done
　　ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done 用于对已发生的情况表示＂责备＂、＂不满＂，分别表示＂本应该…＂和＂本不应该…＂。例如：
　　1）with all the work finished, i should have gone to the party last night.
　　2）you ought not to have made fun of him. he is not the one you laugh at but learn from.
　　5. needn’t have done
　　needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为＂本没必要…＂。
　　you needn’t have waken me up; i don’t have to go to work today.
　　注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如：
　　＂i wonder how tom knew about your past.＂
　　＂he must / could / may / might have heard of it from mary.＂
　　二、情态动词+动词进行式
　　情态动词+行为动词进行式（即情态动词+ be + doing形式），表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如：
　　1）he must be playing basketball in the room.
　　2）she may be staying at home.
　　三、情态动词+动词完成进行式
　　情态动词+行为动词完成进行式（即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式），表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如：
　　1）they should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
　　2）he may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
　　四、某些情态动词的特殊用法
　　1. need
　　考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别.
　　情态动词need与实义动词need 在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见下表。
　　时态 情态动词need 实义动词 need
　　现在时 he need (needn’t) do
　　need he do….? he needs (doesn’t need) to do
　　过去时 he needed (didn’t need) to do
　　将来时 he need (needn’t) do
　　need he do….? he will (not) need to do
　　注: need 一般用于否定句或疑问句.
　　2. dare
　　考试中主要测试dare作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。
　　情态动词dare 与实义动词dare 在时态、肯定、否定、疑问结构上的对比见下表。
　　句型 情态动词dare 实义动词 dare
　　肯定句 现在时 dare to 少用
　　过去时 dare to 少用 现在时 dare/dares to do
　　过去时 dared to do
　　否定句 现在时 daren’t/dare not do
　　过去时 dared not do 现在时 do/does not dare (to) do
　　过去时 did not dare (to) do
　　疑问句 现在时 dare he do?
　　过去时 dared he do? 现在时 do you/does he dear (to) do?
　　过去时 did he dare (to) do
　　3. can 和 may
　　考试中主要测试can，may或could，might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑问句的回答。
　　（1）can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性；而may, might则表示事实上的可能性。此外，can还具有＂有能力＂的意思，而may与might则不具此意。例如：
　　according to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.
　　any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.
　　（2）may i / we …？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为yes, please.或certainly；否定回答为please don’t.或no, you mustn’t. 例如：
　　＂may we leave now?＂ ＂no, you mustn’t. you haven’t finished your home work yet.＂
　　4. can 和 be able to
　　can 与 be able to 都可以表示能力，但两者在用法上有点差异：can (could)表示主观能力，不表示意愿，它的将来时用will be able to; be able to表示主观意愿，强调要克服困难去做某事。例如：
　　1）my grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.
　　2）he is able to give up his bad habits.
　　5. must 和 have to
　　must 和 have to 都可以表示＂必须＂，但有几点区别：
　　（1）must 强调＂内在的职责＂、＂义务＂，而have to 强调＂外界压力＂、＂不得已而为之＂。
　　（2）have to可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall / will have to代替。
　　（3）在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to，因为mustn’t是＂一定不要＂、＂一定不能＂的意思。例如：
　　1）you must come to the classroom before eight.
　　2）it is raining hard outside, but i have to leave now.
　　3）＂must we do it now?＂ ＂no, you needn’t.＂
　　6. used to +do, be used to +doing和be used to +do
　　（1）used to +v意为＂过去常常＂，＂过去一直＂；be used to +v-ing / n（名词）意为＂习惯于＂；be used to +v意为＂被用来（做某事）＂。
　　（2）used to只表示过去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如：
　　1）he used to smoke. now he doesn’t.
　　2）he’s quite used to hard work / working hard.
　　3）the knife is used to cut bread.
　　7．用作情态动词的其他短语
　　would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如：
　　1）the soldier would sooner die than surrender.
　　2）the brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
　　3）i’d rather walk than take a bus.
　　4）if you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
　　注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如：
　　1）i would rather you came on sunday.
　　2）i would sooner you hadn’t asked