关于高考英语词语的辨析

　　高考英语词语辨析：all, every, each的区别
　　1. 三者都可用来概括全体，但强调重点不同：all(全部)是整体性地考虑总体(具有概括性)，every (每个)是考虑总体中的所有成员(与 all 很接近)，each (每个)是逐个逐个地考虑总体(具有个别性)。比较：
　　All men die. 所有的人都是要死的。
　　Every man dies. 每一个人都要死的。
　　Each man must die alone. 人都必然会一个个地死去。
　　2. all 和 each 既可作形容词(其后接名词)，也可用作代词( 单独使用或后接 of 短语);而 every 却只能用作形容词(其后接名词)，不能用作代词(即不能单独使用或后接 of 短语)。如：
　　正：all books / Each is good. 所有的书 / 每个都很好。
　　误：every of the books / Every is good.
　　3. each 和 every 之后通常接单数可数名词，用作主语时，其谓语动词用单数。如：
　　Each (man) does his own work. 各人做自己的工作。
　　Every student in the school passed the swimming test. 这个学校的每个学生都通过了游泳测试。
　　若后接两个用 and 连接的名词，其谓语依然用单数。如：
　　Every [Each] man and woman knows it. 每个男人和女人都知道此事。
　　但是，each 用于复数主语后作同位语，后面的谓语用复数。如：
　　The students each have a dictionary. 学生每人有一本字典。
　　4.each 指两者或两者以上的＂每个＂，every 指三者或三者以上＂每个＂，因此指两者时只能用 each。如：
　　There are trees on each side of the road. 路两边都有树。
　　5. every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰，但 each 却不能。如：
　　差不多每个学生都读过这本书。
　　正：Almost every student has read the book.
　　误：Almost each student has read the book.
　　高考英语词语辨析：about, on, with用法辨异
　　这三个介词的用法既有相同之处，也有不同之处。分述如下：
　　1. 三者均可表示＂随身带着＂，有时可互换。如：
　　I have no money about [on, with] me. 我身边没带钱。
　　2. 严格说来，这三个词是有区别的：
　　(1) about 一般指随身带的小物品。如：
　　Have you a ballpoint pen about you? 你身上带圆珠笔了吗?
　　2) with 多指带较大的东西(也可指较小的东西)。如：
　　He took an umbrella with him. 他随身带了把伞。
　　3) on 表示带在身上(如在口袋里)。如：
　　Have you any money on you? 你身上带着钱吗?
　　注：此例若用 with 或 about，则不一定放在身上，可能放在皮包里等。
　　3. 用于引申义，表示某人或某物的特性或特征，通常用 about。如：
　　There is something noble about him. 他有一种高贵的气质。
　　He always has his wits about him. 他一向不失机智(www.nmet168.com)。
　　We can see something beautiful about the old cottage. 从这座古老的小屋本身我们可以看到一些美的东西。
　　注：以上用法中的 about 有时可与介词 in 换用，前者侧重指外在表现，后者侧重指内在素质。
　　高考英语词语辨析：after 与 behind 用法辨析
　　两者均可表示＂在……之后＂，既有相同之处，也有不同之处。分述如下：
　　1. after 主要用于时间或次序，behind 主要用于位置。如：
　　He decided to leave after lunch. 他决定午饭后离开。
　　Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。
　　The hospital is behind the post office. 医院在邮局后面。
　　注：behind 有时也用于时间，表示＂迟于＂，主要用于 behind time(迟，晚)这一习语。如：
　　The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火车晚点 20 分钟。
　　2. 两者都可用于引申义，after 侧重指追求、寻找、模仿等;而behind 则侧重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：
　　The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。
　　Many young people are after her. 许多年青人都追求她。
　　We are behind you completely. 我们完全支持你。
　　He is behind the others in maths. 他的数学不如别人。
　　高考英语词语辨析：accident 与 incident辨析
　　1. accident 指偶然发生的不幸事件，即＂事故＂;incident 则指普通的小事件，也指暴力性的政治事件。如：
　　About ten people were killed in the car accident. 在这次车祸中大约有10个人丧生。
　　That was one of the strangest incidents in my life. 那是我一生中最奇怪的事情之一。
　　The book is about the July 7th Incident. 这本书是关于七七事变的。
　　2. 在习语 by accident (偶然地)中，不能用 incident。如：
　　I found the wallet quite by accident. 我找到这个钱包纯属偶然。
　　高考英语词语辨析：如何辨析area, region 与 district
　　三者均可表示＂地区＂，区别如下：
　　1. area 是这组词中用得最广的，表示的＂地区＂可大可小，但通常不指行政分区。如：
　　I find the people in this area very friendly. 我发现这个 地方的人很友好。
　　2. region 通常指较大的地区，它既可以表示一个国家的行政分区，也可以指非行政分区。如：
　　The southeast is the richest of England. 英国的东南部是最富有的。
　　Italy is pided into 20 regions. 意大利被分为20个行政区。
　　其他用例：
　　the Arctic region 北极地区 an oil region 石油产区
　　in country regions 在农村地区 a forest region 林区
　　3. district 指相对于 region 稍小的地区，通常指一个国家或城市的行政分区，有时也指非行政分区。如：
　　The letters SW1 stand for a postal district of London. SW1 这几个字母代表伦敦的邮政分区。
　　The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street. 北京最热闹的商业区是王府井大街一带。
　　高考英语抓分训练：动词和动词短语辨析
　　1.His friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn't________and choose.
　　A.pick B.take
　　C.start D.mind
　　2.The statement said five people died at the scene in this accident, while 15 others, their teacher included, were ________ dead by the afternoon.
　　A.convinced B.described
　　C.committed D.confirmed
　　3. The colour of that Tshirt ________ and made all the other clothes pink.[来源:www.shulihua.net]
　　A.went B.disappeared
　　C.ran D.fell
　　4. It ________ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.
　　A.took B.needed
　　C.spent D.shared
　　5. Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
　　A.acquired B.finished
　　C. concluded D.achieved
　　6. He has talents by which he might ___ _____ himself.
　　A.expose B.admire
　　C.distinguish D.hide
　　7.The US government on Wednesday ________ former Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China, making him the first ChineseAmerican ever to take the post.
　　A.accumulated B.reflected
　　C.distinguished D.confirmed
　　8. Miss Green often said ＂God helps those who help themselves＂， intending to ________ on us the significance of being independent.
　　A.base B.impress
　　C.focus D.rely
　　9.One reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.[来源:www.shulihua.net]
　　A.breaking B.pouring[来源:www.shulihua.net]
　　C.filling D.squeezing
　　10.Do not fear them, for there is nothing covered that will not be ________， and nothing hidden that will not be made known.
　　A.criticized B.defined
　　C.estimated D.revealed
　　11.Learning to ________ makes it easier for one to get along with others in work and life.
　　A.create B.live
　　C.share D.learn
　　12.Recently the south of our country has been worst ________ by the drought.
　　A.impressed B.affected
　　C.expressed D.designed
　　13.Your daughter ________ to be a famous musician, so you should keep her practising the piano.
　　A.promises B.agrees
　　C.expects D.pretends
　　14.It's no surprise she's leaving the course—she's never really________.
　　A.fitted in B.showed up
　　C.given in D.burnt up
　　15.I listened carefully to his long b oring speech, but could not ________ what he was talking abou t.
　　A.pick out B.bri ng out
　　C.make out D.give out
　　16.—Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?
　　—Not really.We waited in line for an hour, only to be ________ at the door.
　　A.turned away B.turned out
　　C.turned off D.turned up
　　17. Whenever I look at these photos, they will ________ happy memories of my stay in New York.
　　A.call off B.call for
　　C.call up D.call on
　　18. The secretary has a lot of things to ________ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.
　　A.take up B.make up
　　C.work out D.carry out
　　19.It is so noisy in the restaurant and hard for us to________a conversation.
　　A.go on B.keep on
　　C.carry on D.take on
　　20.—Shall I ________ the raincoat?
　　—No hurry. Leave it where it is. It looks like rain.
　　A.put away B.put on
　　C.put forward D.put up
　　21. A wellwritten composition ________ good choice of words and clear organization.
　　A.calls on B.call s for
　　C.calls up D.calls off
　　22.—Why are you ________ your things?
　　—Well, the fact is, I've decided to leave.
　　A.picking up B.packing up
　　C.putting up D.taking up
　　23.A cellphone could ________the energy which could activate your brain.
　　A.give away B.give off
　　C.give back D.give up
　　24. How much you earn is not very important.It is how you earn the money that ________.
　　A.counts B.values
　　C.minds D.means
　　25.That pretty girl really ________ my eye the moment the performance started.
　　A.caught B.held
　　C.pulled D.fixed
　　26. While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to ________down their expenses.
　　A.cut B.put
　　C.turn D.settle
　　27.The China National Environmental Monitoring Centre________ air quality in urban areas from levels one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous.
　　A.distributes B.arranges
　　C.classifies D.pides
　　28. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
　　A.spot B.dismiss
　　C.shelter D.distinguish
　　29. My brother is very tall. The little bed won't ________ for him.
　　A.prepare B.match
　　C.fit D.do
　　30.—If your son keeps practising, he ________ to make a famous crosscountry skier in our province.
　　—I'm thrilled with joy and very grateful to you, Mr Li.
　　A.wants B.hopes
　　C.promises D.wishes
　　31.Both parents and teenagers should try their best to communicate more with each other and ________ the gap between them.
　　A.open B.adjust
　　C.narrow D.reduce
　　32.What you should do is just ________ the milk until it boils and then turn off the gas.
　　A.watch B.notice
　　C.sense D.attend
　　33.One primary goal of UNESCO is to ________ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.
　　A.make up B.polish up
　　C.build up D.give up
　　34.After decades of effort, the city is still trying to ________ how to ban smoking in public places.
　　A.look through B.get through
　　C.figure out D.take out
　　35.The public ________ Yuan Longping, a great mind who has devoted himself to the research into hybrid ri ce(杂交水稻).
　　A.live up to B.look up to
　　C.come up with D.put up with
　　36.—Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.
　　—Yes, that might ________ why he did so badly in the last test.
　　A.answer for B.apply for
　　C.account for D.call for
　　37.We did have a quarrel about money last night, but now we have already ________.
　　A.taken up B.made up
　　C.put up D.brought up
　　38.More and more rich people have promised to ________ their wealth after death to help the poor and the disabled.
　　A.give away B.give up
　　C.give out D.give off
　　39.It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.
　　A.look upon B.look after
　　C.look into D.look out
　　40.The middleaged man said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to ________ his acceptance in writing.
　　A.confirm B.convey
　　C.convince D.consider
　　41.Remember to ________ a good state of mind even if you should fail plenty of times.
　　A.take up B.brush up
　　C.get up D.keep up
　　42.Had she ________ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.
　　A.looked up to B.lived up to
　　C.kept up with D.come up with
　　43.Just as Professor Scotti often ________ it, success is ninetynine per cent of mental attitude.
　　A.gets B.makes
　　C.puts D.means
　　44.The keys were ________ to our neighbours du ring our absence.
　　A.given out B.given away
　　C.given over D.given up
　　答案详解：
　　1.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的朋友建议他应该做他能得到的任何工作而不应该挑挑拣拣。
　　2.D 考查动词辨析。句意：有报告称，5人在这次意外事故中当场死亡，然而另外的.15人包括他们的老师在内截止到下午被证实死亡。be confirmed dead被证实死亡。
　　3.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处run意为＂褪色＂。句意：那件T恤衫的颜色掉了，把其他所有衣服都染成了粉红色。
　　4.A 考查动词的用法。此处it为形式主语，后面的to make the break with his family是真正的主语。
　　5.D 考查动词词义辨析。此处achieve意为＂完成，做到，获得(胜利等)，达到(目的)＂，指克服困难之后取得成功、成就或实现预期的目标，强调结果。根据其宾语all of the goals可判断出＂Lucy达到/实现了所有的目标＂。acquire 取得，获得;finish 完成，结束;conclude 结束，终止。
　　6.C 考查动词辨析。此处expose 意为＂揭露，揭发;使曝光;显示＂;admire意为＂钦佩;赞美＂;distinguish 意为＂区分;辨别;使杰出，使表现突出 ＂;hide 意为＂隐藏;隐瞒＂。句意：他有一些别于常人的能力。
　　7.D 考查动词词义辨析。此处confirm sb as意为＂任命某人为……＂。句意：星期三美国政府任命原商务部部长Gary Locke为中国大使，使他成为第一个担任这个职位的美籍华人。
　　8.B 考查动词词义辨析。此处impress on sb sth意为＂使……意识到某事＂。句意：格林女士经常说：＂天助自助者＂，她有意识地使我们意识到独立的重要性。
　　9.B 考查动词词义辨析。此处pour into意为＂涌向……＂。句意：大城市房价一直上升的原因之一是人们大量地涌入过度拥挤的大城市。
　　10.D 考查动词词义辨析。criticize批评;define限制;estimate估计;reveal揭发，揭露。句意：不要害怕，没有不被揭露的事情，任何隐藏的事情都得被人们知道。
　　11.C 考查动词词义辨析。create创造;live生活;share分享;learn学习。句意：学会分享可以使人在工作和生活中与他人相处得更容易。
　　12.B 考查动词词义辨析。impress刻印;affect影响;express表达;design设计。句意：最近，我国南方受到了最严重的旱灾的影响。[来源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net]
　　13.A 考查动词词义辨析。此处promise表示＂很可能，预示＂。agree同意;expect期待;pretend假装。句意：你女儿有可能成为著名的音乐家，所以你应该让她练习弹钢琴。
　　14.A 考查动词短语辨析。fit in适应，合得来;show up 出现，露面;give in屈服;burn up烧光。句意：她离开这个课程一点儿也不奇怪。她从来没有真正适应过。
　　15.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处make out意为＂弄明白＂。句意：我仔细地听了他冗长而令人厌烦的演讲，但没能明白他在讲什么。
　　16.A 考查动词短语辨析。此处turn away意为＂拒绝＂。句意：……我们排队等了一个小时，结果在门口被拒绝了。
　　17.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处call up意为＂唤起＂。句意：每当我看到这些照片，它们就会唤起我在纽约的美好回忆。
　　18.B 考查动词短语辨析。 句意：秘书要把办公室留下的许多事补回来，因为她已经外出好多天了。make up＂弥补＂，符合语境。take up占据;work out算出;carry out执行。都不合句意。
　　19.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处carry on意为＂继续＂。句意：饭店太吵闹了，我们很难继续谈话。
　　20.A 考查动词短语辨析。此处put away意为＂把……收起＂。句意：＂我把雨衣收起来好吗?＂＂不急。把它放在原处。天看起来要下雨。＂
　　21.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一篇写得好的文章需要好的措词和清晰的结构。此处call for意为＂需要＂。
　　22.B 考查动词短语辨析。此处pack up意为＂收拾＂。句意：＂你为什么收拾你的东西?＂＂事实是我决定离开。＂
　　23.B give away 捐赠; give off 发出，放出;give back 归还;give up 放弃。故选B。
　　24.A 考查 动词词义辨析。句意：你挣多少钱不重要，重要的是你怎样挣钱。
　　25.A 考查动词词义辨析。此处catch one's eye意为＂吸引某人的眼球，引起某人的注意＂。
　　26.A 考查动词短语辨析。cut down削减，缩短，砍倒;put down放下，写下，批评，奚落，贬损;turn down关小，调低，拒绝;settle down安顿下来。与费用(expenses)有关时，常用削减(cut down)费用。句意：当价格飞涨时，许多人做出了削减费用的举措。故A为最佳答案。
　　27.C 考查动词辨析。句意：国家环境监控中心把城市空气质量分成五级……。cla ssify 表示＂分类＂，故选C项。distribute 分配，散布;arrange 安排;pide 分割，分开。
　　28.C 考查动词辨析。根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供＂庇护＂，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的，还是想象的。spot认出，发现; dismiss开除，解散; distinguish区分。都不符合语意。shelter…from… 保护……免受(危险等)。
　　29.D 考查动词辨析。do for sb意思是＂适合……，对……有效＂。
　　30.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处promise意为＂有希望成为……＂。句意：＂如果你的儿子坚持训练，他有望成为我们省著名的跨国飞行员。＂＂我非常高兴，也很感激你，李老师。＂
　　31.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处narrow意为＂缩小，使……变窄＂。
　　32.A 考查动词词义辨析。watch关注;notice注意到;sense感觉;attend参加。句意：你应该做的事就是看着牛奶直到它开了，然后关掉煤气。
　　33.C 考查动词短语。题意：建立现代化的知识社会，让所有人都能参与信息与知识，是联合国教科文组织的主要目标之一。build up建立;make up弥补，虚构，整理，和解，化妆;polish up改善，润色;give up放弃。
　　34.C 考查动词短语辨析。look through看穿，浏览;get through做完，通过;figure out解决，想出办法;take out拿出，取出。句意：经过几十年的努力，这座城市仍然在试图解决如何禁止在公共场合吸烟的问题。
　　35.B 考查动词短语辨析。根据语意＂人们尊敬袁隆平，这位全身心地投入杂交水稻研究的伟人＂可知选B项。look up to 尊敬;live up to 不辜负，达到;come up with 提出，想到;put up with 容忍，忍受。
　　36.C 考查动词短语辨析。语境：那有可能是他上次考试考得如此糟糕的原因。account for 是……的原因，说明，解释;answer for 对……负责;apply for 向……申请;call for 需要。
　　37.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：昨天晚上我们确实因为钱的问题吵了一架，但现在我们已经和好了。注意关键信息did have a quarrel和but。take up占据(时、空)，从事;make up弥补，和解;put up举起，张贴;bring up教育，培养，提出。根据句意可知B项正确。
　　38.A 考查动词短语辨析。give away分发;give up放弃;give out 用完，分发，发出;give off发出(气味，热、光等)。句意：越来越多的富人承诺他们死后把他们的财产分发下去以帮助穷人及残疾人。
　　39.C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：据报道，警察很快会调查两名失踪儿童的案件。look into调查;look upon尊敬; look after照看; look out小心。
　　40.A 考查动词词义辨析。confirm承认，确认;convey传递;convince说服;consider 考虑。根据句意选A。
　　41.D 考查动词短语辨析。此处keep up意为＂保持＂。句意：即使你失败多次，你也要记得保持良好的心态。
　　42.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果她不辜负她的诺言的话，她会成功地进入耶鲁大学。
　　43.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处put意为＂说，表达＂。句意：正如Scotti教授所说，成功取决于99%的精神态度。
　　44.C 考查动词短语的用法。句意：当我们不在时，我们把钥匙交给了我们的邻居。此处give over意为＂交给＂。