C语言程序设计数组和算法基础

　　今天我们学习C语言程序设计第6章——数组和算法基础的内容。今天的主要内容有三部分，分别是一维数组的定义和初始化，二维数组的定义和初始化，向函数传递一维数组。
　　Today we are studying C Programming Chapter 6 - Arrays and Algorithmic Foundations. There are three main parts to today＂s topic: defining and initialising one-dimensional arrays, defining and initialising two-dimensional arrays, and passing one-dimensional arrays to functions.
　　No. 1 一维数组的定义和初始化
　　数组是一组具有相同类型的变量的集合，它是一种顺序存储，随机访问的顺序表结构。数组名就是用来标识这组相同类型的数据。构成数组的每个元素项称为数组元素。C程序通过数组的下标实现对数组元素的访问。
　　一维数组的一般定义格式为：
　　类型 数组名【元素个数】；
　　An array is a collection of variables of the same type; it is a sequential table structure stored in order and accessed randomly. The name of the array is used to identify the set of data of the same type. Each element of an array is called an array element, and C programs access the elements of an array by means of its subscripts.
　　The general definition of a one-dimensional array is in the following format
　　type array name [number of elements].
　　No. 2二维数组的定义和初始化
　　二维数组的一般定义格式为：
　　类型 数组名【第一维长度】【第二维长度】；
　　第一维的长度代表数组每一列的元素个数，第二维的长度代表数组每一行的元素个数。例如：short matrix[3][4]；
　　一维数组在内存中占用的字节数为：数组长度*sizeof（基类型），二维数组占用的字节数为：第一维长度*第二维长度*sizeof（基类型）
　　The general format of the definition of a two-dimensional array is
　　type array name [length of the first dimension] [length of the second dimension].
　　The length of the first dimension represents the number of elements in each column of the array, and the length of the second dimension represents the number of elements in each row of the array. Example: short matrix[3][4].
　　The number of bytes occupied by a one-dimensional array in memory is: array length * sizeof (base type), the number of bytes occupied by a two-dimensional array is: length of the first dimension * length of the second dimension * sizeof (base type)
　　No. 3向函数传递一维数组
　　数组元素和基本型变量一样，既可出现在任何合法的C表达式中，也可用作函数参数。
　　若要把一个数组传递给一个函数，那么只要使用不带括号的数组名作为函数实参调用函数即可。
　　由于数组名代表数组第一个元素的地址，因此用数组名作函数实参实际上是将数组的首地址传给被调函数。
　　Array elements, like basic variables, can appear in any legal C expression and can also be used as function parameters.
　　To pass an array to a function, simply call the function using the array name without parentheses as a function reference.
　　As the array name represents the address of the first element of the array, using the array name as a function reference is in effect passing the first address of the array to the function being called.
　　注意：1.C语言中数组的下标都是从0开始的。
　　2.在不同编译系统中，int型所占的字节数是不同的。使用sizeof运算符来计算一个类型或变量在内存中所占的字节数更利于提高程序的可移植性。
　　3.数组第二维的长度声明永远都不能省略。
　　4.数组做函数形参时，数组的长度可以不出现在数组名后面的方括号内，通常用另一个整型形参来指定数组的长度。
　　Note: 1. The subscripts of arrays in C all start from 0.
　　2. The number of bytes occupied by an int type varies from one compilation system to another. It is better to use the sizeof operator to calculate the number of bytes in memory for a type or variable to improve program portability.
　　3. The length declaration of the second dimension of an array should never be omitted.
　　4. When an array is used as a formal reference to a function, the length of the array may not appear in the square brackets after the array name, but is usually specified by another integer formal reference.
　　参考资料：文字：百度；图片：微博；翻译：百度翻译
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