物流之水路运输

　　水路运输是以船舶为主要运输工具、以港口或港站为运输基地、以水域包括海洋、河流和湖泊为运输活动范围的一种运输方式。水运至今仍是世界许多国家最重要的运输方式之一。
　　水路特征表现为载重量大、成本低、投资省，但灵活性小，连续性也差；受自然条件的限制与影响大；开发利用涉及面较广，如天然河流涉及通航、灌溉、防洪排涝、水力发电等；海岸带与海湾涉及建港、农业围垦、海产养殖等。
　　根据航行水运性质，水运分海运和河运两种。
　　1、沿海运输。是使用船舶通过大陆附近沿海航道运送客货的一种方式，一般使用中、小型船舶。
　　2、近海运输。是使用船舶通过大陆邻近国家海上航道运送客货的一种运输形式，视航程可使用中型船舶，也可使用小型船舶。
　　3、远洋运输。是使用船舶跨大洋的长途运输形式，主要依靠运量大的大型船舶。
　　4、内河运输。是使用船舶在陆地内的江、河、湖、川等水道进行运输的一种方式，主要使用中、小型船舶。
　　英文翻译
　　Waterway transportation is a mode of transportation in which ships are the main means of transportation, ports or port stations are used as transportation bases, and waters including oceans, rivers and lakes are used as transportation activities.
　　Water transportation is still one of the most important modes of transportation in many countries in the world. The characteristics of the waterway are high load capacity, low cost, low investment, but low flexibility and poor continuity; restricted and affected by natural conditions; development and utilization involve a wide range of areas, such as natural rivers involving navigation, irrigation, flood control and drainage , Hydropower, etc.; coastal zones and bays involve port construction, agricultural reclamation, mariculture, etc.
　　According to the nature of navigation and water transportation, water transportation is pided into two types: sea transportation and river transportation.
　　1. Coastal transportation. It is a way of using ships to transport passengers and cargo through coastal waterways near the mainland. Generally, medium and small ships are used.
　　2. Offshore transportation. It is a form of transportation that uses ships to transport passengers and cargo through the sea lanes of countries adjacent to the mainland. Depending on the voyage, medium-sized ships or small ships can be used.
　　3. Ocean transportation. It is a form of long-distance transportation that uses ships to cross the ocean, mainly relying on large ships with large volumes.
　　4. Inland water transportation. It is a way of using ships for transportation in rivers, rivers, lakes, rivers and other waterways on land, mainly using medium and small ships.
　　参考资料：百度百科
　　翻译：Google翻译
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