站洋币1903

　　19世纪末，帝国主义列强掀起了瓜分中国的狂潮。清政府腐败无能，无法抵御外敌侵略，先后与外国列强签订了一系列不平等条约，使中国沦为半封建半殖民地社会。外国列强为了在华争夺利益，几十个国家的银元先后涌入中国，通过不公平贸易，换取我国大量白银。＂站人＂银元，是清末民初时期，由英国铸造，在中国广泛流通的外国货币之一。
　　＂站人＂银元进入我国后，开始在广东、广西一带流通，因其制作精美，含银量高，深得商民喜爱。英国政府看到＂站人＂银元在中国有利可图，便大量铸造，大量输入。不久，＂站人＂银元便在中国大部分地区使用，尤以北京，天津为盛。当时，在中国流通的外国货币中，＂站人＂银元已占相当大比例，使中国白银源源不断的流入英国，经贸利益受到严重损害。＂站人＂银元作为一种历史载体，记录了鸦片战争以后，中国人民政治上受压迫，经济上受剥削的屈辱历史。研究在中国流通的外国货币，对于我们了解外国列强利用银元贸易，掠夺中国财富的罪行，增强爱国主义精神，为中华民族的伟大复兴贡献力量，
　　具有十分重要的意义。1866年，英国为驱逐鹰洋，在香港造币厂铸造发行了一套香港银币，一元的正面是维多利亚女王像，上下英文＂VICTORIAQUEEN(维多利亚女王)＂，背面中央寿字纹，旁有英文＂香港一元ONE DOLLAR HONGKONG＂，下为纪年。因香港银元的成色低于鹰洋，需折扣使用，难以广泛推广。1895年，英国政府利用印度的孟买，加尔各答的造币厂铸造了新的贸易银元，俗称＂站人＂。（文物价值较高。＂站人＂银元先后在英国伦敦、印度孟买和加尔各答等两国三地制造，集英文、中文、马来文等三国文字于一体，这在世界铸币史上是非常罕见的。特别是将中国古老的篆字记于外币之上，令人啼笑皆非。它不仅反映了一段扭曲的历史，而且反映了英国及其英殖民地国家，一个特殊时期的政治、经济、文化、书法的发展变化。所以，＂站人＂远远超过一个国家，一种银币的文物价值）。＂站人＂银元图案精美，内涵深邃。正面一名武士，站立岸头，傲视世界。左手持米字盾牌，右手执三叉戟，意为能攻能守，战无不胜。珠圈下左右两侧分列英文ONE-DOLLAR（壹圆），下方记载年号。背面中央有中文篆体＂寿＂字，上下为中文行体＂壹圆＂，左右为马来文＂壹圆＂。＂站人＂银元含银量90%，直径39毫米，重量 26.95克。最初流通于粤桂两省，1900年以后北方开始使用，京津较为流行。英国站人贸易银元，融中、英、马三国文字＂壹圆＂于一体，在世界铸币史上是少有的，为此，深受钱币收藏家喜爱。该币版式繁多，初步统计，目前发现＂站人＂银元共有6个版别，72个品种。将来，随着研究的不断深入发展，品种和版别可能还会进一步增加，此站洋币有极高的收藏价值。
　　At the end of the 19th century, the imperialist powers set off a frenzy of piding up China. The Qing government was corrupt and incompetent, unable to resist foreign aggression, and signed a series of unequal treaties with foreign powers, which reduced China to a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. In order to compete for interests in China, foreign powers poured silver dollars from dozens of countries into China, and exchanged a large amount of silver for China through unfair trade. ＂Zhanren＂ silver dollar is one of the foreign currencies widely circulated in China, which was cast by the United Kingdom in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. After the ＂Zhanren＂ silver dollar entered China, it began to circulate in Guangdong and Guangxi. Because of its exquisite production and high silver content, it was deeply loved by businessmen. The British government saw that the silver dollar of ＂Zhanren＂ was profitable in China, so it cast and imported a lot. Before long, ＂Zhanren＂ silver yuan was used in most parts of China, especially in Beijing and Tianjin. At that time, among the foreign currencies in circulation in China, the ＂standing person＂ silver dollar had accounted for a considerable proportion, which made Chinese silver flow into the United Kingdom continuously, and the economic and trade interests were seriously damaged. As a historical carrier, the ＂Zhanren＂ silver dollar recorded the humiliating history of the Chinese people＂s political oppression and economic exploitation after the Opium War. The study of foreign currencies in circulation in China is of great significance for us to understand the crimes of foreign powers using the silver dollar trade to plunder China＂s wealth, strengthen patriotism and contribute to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In 1866, the British minted and issued a set of Hong Kong silver coins at the Hong Kong Mint in order to expel the hawks. The obverse of the one dollar is the image of Queen Victoria, with the English ＂Victoria Queen＂ on the top and bottom, and the English ＂ONE DOLLAR HONGKONG＂ on the back. Because the fineness of Hong Kong silver dollar is lower than that of Yingyang, it needs to be used at a discount and is difficult to be widely promoted. In 1895, the British government used the mints in Mumbai and Calcutta in India to mint new trade silver coins, commonly known as ＂standing men＂. (Cultural relics are of high value Silver coins have been manufactured in London, India, Mumbai and Calcutta, which are very rare in the history of coinage in the world. In particular, it is ironic to record the ancient Chinese seal characters on foreign currencies. It not only reflects a distorted history, but also reflects the development and changes of politics, economy, culture and calligraphy in Britain and its colonial countries in a special period. Therefore, the ＂standing man＂ is far more than the cultural relic value of a silver coin in a country. The silver pattern of ＂Zhanren＂ is exquisite and profound. On the front, a samurai stood on the shore and looked down on the world. The left hand holds the Mizi shield, and the right hand holds the trident, which means to be able to attack and defend, invincible. English ONE-DOLLAR (one circle) is listed on the left and right sides under the bead circle, and the year number is recorded below. In the center of the back is the Chinese seal character ＂Shou＂, the upper and lower are the Chinese line characters ＂Yiyuan＂, and the left and right are the Malay characters ＂Yiyuan＂. ＂Zhanren＂ silver dollar contains 90% silver, 39 mm in diameter and 26.95 grams in weight. Originally circulated in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, it was used in the north after 1900, and it was more popular in Beijing and Tianjin. The British people trade silver dollar, which integrates the Chinese, English and Malaysian characters ＂one yuan＂, is rare in the history of coinage in the world. For this reason, it is deeply loved by coin collectors. The coin has a variety of formats. According to the preliminary statistics, there are 6 versions and 72 varieties of silver coins of ＂Zhanren＂. In the future, with the continuous development of research, the variety and edition may be further increased, and the foreign currency on this site has high collection value.