19世纪末,帝国主义列强掀起了瓜分中国的狂潮。清政府腐败无能,无法抵御外敌侵略,先后与外国列强签订了一系列不平等条约,使中国沦为半封建半殖民地社会。外国列强为了在华争夺利益,几十个国家的银元先后涌入中国,通过不公平贸易,换取我国大量白银。站人银元,是清末民初时期,由英国铸造,在中国广泛流通的外国货币之一。 站人银元进入我国后,开始在广东、广西一带流通,因其制作精美,含银量高,深得商民喜爱。英国政府看到站人银元在中国有利可图,便大量铸造,大量输入。不久,站人银元便在中国大部分地区使用,尤以北京,天津为盛。当时,在中国流通的外国货币中,站人银元已占相当大比例,使中国白银源源不断的流入英国,经贸利益受到严重损害。站人银元作为一种历史载体,记录了鸦片战争以后,中国人民政治上受压迫,经济上受剥削的屈辱历史。研究在中国流通的外国货币,对于我们了解外国列强利用银元贸易,掠夺中国财富的罪行,增强爱国主义精神,为中华民族的伟大复兴贡献力量, 具有十分重要的意义。1866年,英国为驱逐鹰洋,在香港造币厂铸造发行了一套香港银币,一元的正面是维多利亚女王像,上下英文VICTORIAQUEEN(维多利亚女王),背面中央寿字纹,旁有英文香港一元ONEDOLLARHONGKONG,下为纪年。因香港银元的成色低于鹰洋,需折扣使用,难以广泛推广。1895年,英国政府利用印度的孟买,加尔各答的造币厂铸造了新的贸易银元,俗称站人。(文物价值较高。站人银元先后在英国伦敦、印度孟买和加尔各答等两国三地制造,集英文、中文、马来文等三国文字于一体,这在世界铸币史上是非常罕见的。特别是将中国古老的篆字记于外币之上,令人啼笑皆非。它不仅反映了一段扭曲的历史,而且反映了英国及其英殖民地国家,一个特殊时期的政治、经济、文化、书法的发展变化。所以,站人远远超过一个国家,一种银币的文物价值)。站人银元图案精美,内涵深邃。正面一名武士,站立岸头,傲视世界。左手持米字盾牌,右手执三叉戟,意为能攻能守,战无不胜。珠圈下左右两侧分列英文ONEDOLLAR(壹圆),下方记载年号。背面中央有中文篆体寿字,上下为中文行体壹圆,左右为马来文壹圆。站人银元含银量90,直径39毫米,重量26。95克。最初流通于粤桂两省,1900年以后北方开始使用,京津较为流行。英国站人贸易银元,融中、英、马三国文字壹圆于一体,在世界铸币史上是少有的,为此,深受钱币收藏家喜爱。该币版式繁多,初步统计,目前发现站人银元共有6个版别,72个品种。将来,随着研究的不断深入发展,品种和版别可能还会进一步增加,此站洋币有极高的收藏价值。 Attheendofthe19thcentury,theimperialistpowerssetoffafrenzyofpidingupChina。TheQinggovernmentwascorruptandincompetent,unabletoresistforeignaggression,andsignedaseriesofunequaltreatieswithforeignpowers,whichreducedChinatoasemifeudalandsemicolonialsociety。InordertocompeteforinterestsinChina,foreignpowerspouredsilverdollarsfromdozensofcountriesintoChina,andexchangedalargeamountofsilverforChinathroughunfairtrade。ZhanrensilverdollarisoneoftheforeigncurrencieswidelycirculatedinChina,whichwascastbytheUnitedKingdominthelateQingDynastyandtheearlyRepublicofChina。AftertheZhanrensilverdollarenteredChina,itbegantocirculateinGuangdongandGuangxi。Becauseofitsexquisiteproductionandhighsilvercontent,itwasdeeplylovedbybusinessmen。TheBritishgovernmentsawthatthesilverdollarofZhanrenwasprofitableinChina,soitcastandimportedalot。Beforelong,ZhanrensilveryuanwasusedinmostpartsofChina,especiallyinBeijingandTianjin。Atthattime,amongtheforeigncurrenciesincirculationinChina,thestandingpersonsilverdollarhadaccountedforaconsiderableproportion,whichmadeChinesesilverflowintotheUnitedKingdomcontinuously,andtheeconomicandtradeinterestswereseriouslydamaged。Asahistoricalcarrier,theZhanrensilverdollarrecordedthehumiliatinghistoryoftheChinesepeoplespoliticaloppressionandeconomicexploitationaftertheOpiumWar。ThestudyofforeigncurrenciesincirculationinChinaisofgreatsignificanceforustounderstandthecrimesofforeignpowersusingthesilverdollartradetoplunderChinaswealth,strengthenpatriotismandcontributetothegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation。In1866,theBritishmintedandissuedasetofHongKongsilvercoinsattheHongKongMintinordertoexpelthehawks。TheobverseoftheonedollaristheimageofQueenVictoria,withtheEnglishVictoriaQueenonthetopandbottom,andtheEnglishONEDOLLARHONGKONGontheback。BecausethefinenessofHongKongsilverdollarislowerthanthatofYingyang,itneedstobeusedatadiscountandisdifficulttobewidelypromoted。In1895,theBritishgovernmentusedthemintsinMumbaiandCalcuttainIndiatomintnewtradesilvercoins,commonlyknownasstandingmen。(CulturalrelicsareofhighvalueSilvercoinshavebeenmanufacturedinLondon,India,MumbaiandCalcutta,whichareveryrareinthehistoryofcoinageintheworld。Inparticular,itisironictorecordtheancientChinesesealcharactersonforeigncurrencies。Itnotonlyreflectsadistortedhistory,butalsoreflectsthedevelopmentandchangesofpolitics,economy,cultureandcalligraphyinBritainanditscolonialcountriesinaspecialperiod。Therefore,thestandingmanisfarmorethantheculturalrelicvalueofasilvercoininacountry。ThesilverpatternofZhanrenisexquisiteandprofound。Onthefront,asamuraistoodontheshoreandlookeddownontheworld。ThelefthandholdstheMizishield,andtherighthandholdsthetrident,whichmeanstobeabletoattackanddefend,invincible。EnglishONEDOLLAR(onecircle)islistedontheleftandrightsidesunderthebeadcircle,andtheyearnumberisrecordedbelow。InthecenterofthebackistheChinesesealcharacterShou,theupperandloweraretheChineselinecharactersYiyuan,andtheleftandrightaretheMalaycharactersYiyuan。Zhanrensilverdollarcontains90silver,39mmindiameterand26。95gramsinweight。OriginallycirculatedinGuangdongandGuangxiprovinces,itwasusedinthenorthafter1900,anditwasmorepopularinBeijingandTianjin。TheBritishpeopletradesilverdollar,whichintegratestheChinese,EnglishandMalaysiancharactersoneyuan,israreinthehistoryofcoinageintheworld。Forthisreason,itisdeeplylovedbycoincollectors。Thecoinhasavarietyofformats。Accordingtothepreliminarystatistics,thereare6versionsand72varietiesofsilvercoinsofZhanren。Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofresearch,thevarietyandeditionmaybefurtherincreased,andtheforeigncurrencyonthissitehashighcollectionvalue。