自动化运维IPMI详细操作介绍

　　IPMI硬件管理
　　IPMI是一个开放的标准，是用于管理基于 Intel架构服务器的工业标准，由英特尔、HP、NEC、DELL等公司制定。用户可以利用IPMI监视服务器的物理健康特征，如温度、电压、风扇工作状态、电源状态等。 2004年Intel发表了IPMI 2.0的规格，能够向下相容IPMI 1.0、1.5，新增了Console Redirection，并可以通过以太网远程管理服务器。
　　IPMI主要的功能硬件监控（模块状态、传感器）远程控制（远程开机、关机、重启，Console）日志（硬件运行日志）配置BIOS、RAID列出所有相关硬件等IPMI 操作方法
　　今天主要来说一下IPMI具体的使用操作方法，从常规的ipmitool命令行操作到Python脚本控制，基本能涵盖到日常运维所涉及的所有操作。
　　ipmitool 是一种可用在 linux 系统下的命令行方式的 ipmi 平台管理工具，它支持 ipmi 2.0规范，通过它可以实现获取传感器的信息、显示系统日志内容、网络远程开关机等功能。
　　命令行操作实例
　　进入BMC sh（ipmitool交互界面）$ ipmitool -I open shell ipmitool> help Commands:  raw     Send a RAW IPMI request and print response  i2c     Send an I2C Master Write-Read command and print response  spd     Print SPD info from remote I2C device  lan     Configure LAN Channels  chassis Get chassis status and set power state  power   Shortcut to chassis power commands  event   Send pre-defined events to MC  mc      Management Controller status and global enables ……
　　查看开关机状态$ ipmitool power status Chassis Power is on
　　开机/关机$ ipmitool power on  $ ipmitool power off
　　查看当前用户$ ipmitool user list 2 ID Name Callin Link Auth IPMI Msg Channel Priv Limit 1 Administrator true false true ADMINISTRATOR 2 (Empty User) true false false NO ACCESS ……
　　增加用户$ ipmitool user set name 2 test01  $ ipmitool user set password 2 password123
　　查看BMC IP地址$ ipmitool lan print 2 …… IP Address Source :  Static Address IP Address :         192.168.1.222 Subnet Mask :        255.255.255.0 MAC Address :        38:ea:a7:a9:xx:xx ……
　　修改BMC IP地址$ ipmitool lan set 2 ipsrc static  $ ipmitool lan set 2 ipaddr 192.168.1.1 $ ipmitool lan set 2 netmask 255.255.255.0  $ ipmitool lan set 2 defgw 192.168.1.254
　　查看日志$ ipmitool sel list  10c | 11/07/2022 | 06:47:24 | Temperature #0x03 | Upper Critical going high | Asserted  10d | 11/07/2022 | 06:47:33 | Temperature #0x03 | Upper Critical going high | Asserted  10e | 11/07/2022 | 06:48:57 | System ACPI Power State #0xd5 | S4/S5: soft-off | Asserted  10f | 11/08/2022 | 00:46:40 | System ACPI Power State #0xd5 | S0/G0: working | Asserted  110 | 11/08/2022 | 01:52:23 | Memory #0x40 | Uncorrectable ECC | Asserted  111 | 11/08/2022 | 01:52:33 | Memory #0x40 | Uncorrectable ECC | Asserted  112 | 11/14/2022 | 06:48:58 | Temperature #0x30 | Upper Critical going high | Asserted  ……  $ ipmitool sel help SEL Commands:  info clear delete list elist get add time save readraw writeraw interpret
　　查看FRU信息$ ipmitool fru list FRU Device Description : Builtin FRU Device (ID 0)  Chassis Type : Rack Mount Chassis  Chassis Serial : *****    Board Mfg Date : Wed Oct 21 20:00:00 2009  Board Mfg : HP  Board Product : ProLiant DL380p Gen8  Board Serial : *****    Board Part Number : 653200-B21    Product Manufacturer : HP  Product Name : ProLiant DL380p Gen8  Product Part Number : 653200-B21    Product Serial : *****  FRU Device Description : BMC CONTROLLER (ID 238)  Product Manufacturer : HPE  Product Name : BMC CONTROLLER  Product Part Number : iLO 4 ……
　　设置为光盘启动$ ipmitool chassis bootparam set bootflag force_cdrombootparam set bootflag  [options=...]  Legal devices are:  none : No override  force_pxe : Force PXE boot  force_disk : Force boot from default Hard-drive  force_safe : Force boot from default Hard-drive, request Safe Mode  force_diag : Force boot from Diagnostic Partition  force_cdrom : Force boot from CD/DVD  force_bios : Force boot into BIOS Setup
　　重启BMC$ ipmitool mc reset cold注：以上命令中均在本机执行，如果对网络中其它主机进行操作，需要指定BMC 的IP地址、用户名和密码：
　　-H hostname Remote host name for LAN interface
　　-U username Remote session username
　　-P password Remote session passwordPython操作实例
　　安装所需的软件包（第三方），拿HP iLO示例$ pip install python-hpilo
　　导入软件包，获取服务器物理状态# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  import pprint import hpilo  ilo = hpilo.Ilo(＂192.168.1.1＂, ＂admin＂, ＂password＂) health_summary = ilo.get_embedded_health()[＂health_at_a_glance＂]  pprint.pprint(health_summary)
　　获取IML日志：# 查看IML(Integrated Management log)日志 logs = ilo.get_server_event_log() for log in logs:    print(log)
　　查看Event日志# 查看 iLO Event log events = ilo.get_ilo_event_log() for event in events:    print(event)
　　主要方法：
　　方法
　　功能
　　get_embedded_health()
　　获取服务器物理状态信息
　　press_pwr_btn()
　　按一下电源键
　　hold_pwr_btn()
　　长按电源键
　　reset_rib()
　　重置ilo
　　reset_server()
　　重启服务器
　　cold_boot_server()
　　冷重启
　　warm_boot_server()
　　热重启
　　get_ilo_event_log()
　　获取ilo event日志
　　get_server_event_log()
　　获取IML日志