高考英语语法中部

　　1.过去分词作定语、表语
　　1.1.作定语
　　1.1.1.所表示意义
　　1.1.1.1.He is a teacher loved by his students
　　1.1.1.2.The wind suept the fallen leaces
　　1.1.1.3.Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work
　　1.1.2.位置
　　1.1.2.1.单个前置、属特殊情况外（the time left，the people concerned）
　　1.1.2.2.短语后置
　　1.1.3.三种形式
　　1.1.3.1.The bridge constructed ten years ago is under repair now
　　1.1.3.2.The bridge being constructed now will link the village to that town
　　1.1.3.3.The bridge to be constructed next year will be of great importance
　　1.2.作表语
　　1.2.1.常见系动词：be/get/feel/remain/seem/look/become/turn等，表状态
　　1.2.1.1.Form now on I will not be discouraged in the face of failure
　　1.2.2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
　　1.2.2.1.The window is broken
　　1.2.2.2.The window was broken by Tom
　　1.2.2.3.We are seated(seat) in the classroom waiting for our new teacher to turn up
　　1.2.3.现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
　　1.2.3.1.Hie words were discouraged(discourage),which made many people discouraged(discourage)
　　1.2.3.2.The man standing there looks frightened and the little boy is frightened(frighten)
　　1.2.3.3.The puzzled look on her face suggested that she was puzzled(puzzle)
　　1.3.Only
　　1.3.1.Only then did he realize he was weong
　　1.3.2.Only in this way can you finish it well
　　1.3.3.Only when he arrived home did he realize what had happened
　　1.3.4.only+adv/介词短语/状语从句，放在句首以示强调时，主句要用部分倒装（一般疑问句）
　　1.4.With
　　1.4.1.with the door open-adj
　　1.4.2.with the book in my hand-介词短语
　　1.4.3.with the teacher in-adv
　　1.4.4.with a baby sleeping in her arms-doing(主动.进行）
　　1.4.5.with so much homework to do-to do(尚未发生）
　　1.4.6.with the building constructed-done(被动完成）
　　2.倒装
　　2.1.全部倒装
　　2.1.1.以here、there、now、then等副词开头，谓语v是be、come、go、lie、run等，而主语又是名词时，用全部倒装
　　2.1.1.1.There gose the bell 铃响了
　　2.1.2.表示运动方向的副词，如out、in、up、down、away等置于句首，谓语表运动的v时，主语是n
　　2.1.2.1.Away went my father 我父亲离开了
　　2.1.3.表地点的介词短语放句首进行强调时
　　2.1.3.1.In the distance lies a car 远处有一辆轿车
　　2.1.4.当句子主语部分较长，谓语部分较短（表语+系动词+主语）
　　2.1.4.1.Gone are the days 日子一去不复返了
　　2.1.5.There be句型属于完全倒装，其中be v.可用stand、live、exist等代替
　　2.1.5.1.There stands a tower on the top of the mountain 山顶上有座塔
　　2.2.部分倒装
　　2.2.1.so或neither，nor放在句首，表示前面说话的情况也适用于另一个人，即＂...也（也不）这样＂，如此句子用部分倒装，so+助动词+主语；neither/nor+助动词+主语
　　2.2.1.1.If you won＂t go,neither will I
　　2.2.2.never/no/seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely/rarely/little/nowhere/by no means/in no way/at no time等表示否定意义的副词或介词短语置于句首时，用部分倒装
　　2.2.2.1.Hardly could she believe her own eyes
　　2.2.3.not only/but(also).../neither...nor...连接并列句子且位于句首，not only/neither和nor后面的句子部分倒装，但but(also)后不倒装
　　2.2.3.1.Not only do I know her,but I an also her friend
　　2.2.4.only+副词/介词短语位于句首时，用部分倒装，only+状从位于句首时，主句用半倒
　　2.2.4.1.Only then did I know the truth
　　3.it的用法
　　3.1.代词
　　3.1.1.天气 it is cold now
　　3.1.2.时间 it＂s 5:05
　　3.1.3.距离 it＂s 2km be from my home to school
　　3.1.4.动物、事物 look at the dog,and it＂s so cute
　　3.1.5.特殊的人Who is koncking at the door?--It＂s me
　　3.2.形式主语
　　3.2.1.It＂s adj+to do/that...
　　3.2.2.It＂s a +n+to do/that...
　　3.2.3.It＂s adj/n+doing
　　3.2.4.It＂s done to do/that...
　　3.2.5.It＂s takes somebody/sometime to do somenthing
　　3.3.形式宾语
　　3.3.1.make/find/think/consider/suppose/ it+to do /doing/that...
　　3.3.2.某些固定搭配：like/enjoy/prefer/appreciate.distake/hate/take/have/owe+it when/if从句
　　4.虚拟语气
　　4.1.从句：现在（did/were)将来（did、were/should do/were to do)过去（had done)
　　4.2.主句：现在（should、would do/might、could+do）将来（should、would、might、could+do)过去（should、would、might、could+have done）
　　4.3.含蓄虚拟
　　4.3.1.without.../but for.../otherwise...+would+(not)do/have done)
　　4.3.2.wish:现在（did、were）过去（have done）将来（would、might、could+do）
　　4.3.3.would rather：现在/将来（did、were）过去（had done）
　　4.4.If从句虚拟
　　4.4.1.If the weather were fine now,we would have a picnic(现在）
　　4.4.2.If it should snow tomorrow,we would go out(将来）
　　4.4.3.If you had taken my advice,you would not have such a mistake(过去）
　　4.5.下列动词后可用虚拟：should+do（现在/将来）should+be done（过去）
　　4.5.1.坚持 insist
　　4.5.2.命令 command、order
　　4.5.3.建议 suggest、advice、propose
　　4.5.4.要求 ask、require、request、demand
　　4.5.5.其所属的名词形式、形容词形式也用虚拟语气，同样遵循其原则
　　4.6.虚拟语气在名词性从句的应用
　　4.6.1.It＂s a pity/a shame/no wonder that(should) do
　　4.6.2.It＂s strange/natural/necessary/important/impossible that (should) do
　　4.6.3.It＂s desired/suggested/demanded/required that (should)...
　　4.7.It＂s high/about time that+did 过去/should 现在将来
　　4.8.as if/though+had done过去/did、were现在/would do将来
　　4.9.If only +had done过去/did、were现在/would do将来
　　4.10.省略if：在虚拟条件句中，had/were/should等助动词，可将其提至句首变为倒装句
　　4.11.特殊情况
　　4.11.1.If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now时间错综虚拟
　　4.11.2.The old lady wasn＂t told the sad news,or she would have broken down真实虚拟
　　4.11.3.The manager put forword a suggestion that we had an assistant省略If虚拟