论盖茨比悲剧的必然性

　　Abstract
　　KeyWords
　　Gatsby；theAmericandream；tragedy；personification
　　摘要
　　《了不起的盖茨比》是20世纪20年代美国著名作家菲茨杰拉德的一部反映美国梦破灭的小说，也是一则被赋予了深刻含义，充满譬喻和警句的语言。本文从盖茨比之梦的实质、盖茨比性格中的不足以及社会历史原因等多方面探讨了导致盖茨比梦毁人亡这一悲剧必然因素。菲茨杰拉德曾这样总结那个时代的特点：一切神明都统统死光，所有战争都已经统统打完，所有信念都已经统统完蛋。爵士乐时代的人蔑视一切传统的价值观念，反叛老一辈人所遵从的道德风范。小说结尾，作者更是以人们的冷漠和盖茨比葬礼的冷冷清清彻底反映了20世纪20年代美国社会人性的冷酷与丑恶。在这样的社会，盖茨比从一开始就注定是孤立无助，注定是要失败的。
　　关键词
　　盖茨比；美国梦；悲剧；化身
　　Introduction
　　ThepaperisanalyzingtheinevitabilityoftheheroGatsby’stragedybyexaminingtheessenceofGatsby’sdream，thepotentialdestructivenessinGatsby’scharactersandsocialbackgroundsthatleadtoGatsby’sdestruction。
　　I。DescriptionofGatsby’sDream
　　A。OriginofGatsby’sDream
　　ThenhereturnedthewalletandpulledfromhispocketaraggedoldcopyofabookcalledHopolongCassidylookhere，thisisabookhehadwhenhewasaboy。Itjustshowsyou。Heopeneditatthebackoverandturneditaroundformetosee。OnthelastflyleafwasprintedthewordSCHEDULEandthedateSeptember12，1906andunderneath：
　　Risefrombe6。00A。M
　　Dumbbellexerciseandwallscaling。6。156。30A。M
　　Studyelectricity，etc。7。158。15A。M
　　Work8。304。30P。M
　　Baseballandsports。。4。305。00P。M
　　Practiceelocution，poiseandhowtoattainit5。006。00P。M
　　Studyneededinventions。。7。009。00P。M（Fitzgerald，2002：206）
　　AbovementionedshowsthatonthelastflyleafofHopolongCassidyGatsbyusedtoreadwererecordedhistranscendingdecisionandapieceofstricttimetableforworking。Oversomanyyears，Gatsbyalwayspersistedinitandobservedit。
　　FromtheSchedule，aseveryoneknows，FranklinandAddison，givingagoodexample，dependedonthestrugglebythemselvesandgotasuccessatlastandtheirstories，whichmadeeveryonebelievethateachyouthcouldbecomeamillionaireorthepresidentofU。Sinthefuture。Intheirage，thenovelsdescribingAmericanDreamwerebestsellers，buttheygavethepreachingcontents：Aslongasonepersonwashonest，patientandindependent，hewouldhavetheequalitywitheveryonetodoeverything，namely，itispossibleforhimcomingfromthepoorfamilytobecomearichandnobleperson，whileGatsbywasoneofthebelieversofit。ThedreamwhichseemedtohappeninfairytaleswastheendlessinfinitepowerthatencouragedGatsbystruggleforit。TheauthorcontactGatsby’spursuitwithEuropeanemigrants’ancientdesiretoNewContinent，andFranklin，representingAmericanDreamanditsinvertformslater，definedGatsby’stragedyashugehistoricalbackgroundanddeeptypicalsenses。ThetraditionalmodelofAmericanDream，asmanycriticsandwriterspointedout，werefulloffalsity，especiallyundertheconditionofcapitalismdevelopedrapidly，andpolarizationintensifiedincreasingly。ItmadeapointofevidencethatGatsbymadeafortune，relyingonpersonalvirtues，diligenceandfrugality。Sincehischildhood，GatsbyusedtoabidebyFranklin’steaching，andtrytopracticethemaininquireofthetraditionalmodel，followinghisowncomprehensionandthebackgroundof20centurysocietyinU。S。itisvagaryforonepersontocometothefore，whoonlydependedonvirtues，diligenceandfrugality，however，Gatsby‘sstoryofgettingrichjustcertifiedit。Whenhewasyoung，Gatsbycouldnotgainanyappropriateconsequencethathewantedtoget，sothathewassurrenderedbyhisbelovedloverDaisy，forhewaspennilessandfamelessatthattime。Andlaterheabsurdlybecameamillionaire。Obviously，itoughttobetremendousironyforhimtobelieveinAmericanDream。Byallappearances，asweresamewithothermagnatesatthattime，Gatsbystillunderstoodandpracticedfollowingprinciples。Theoretically，borderland，（herereferredtothewholeAmerican）wereequalparadisetoeveryone，andtherewardcompletelyowedtodiligence，frugalityandgoodluckiness，butinfact，therewardingoftendependedontrickiness，greedandmercilessness，aswellascruelruthlessnessandcompletelyrottenmeans。ItistheAmericandream，butitistheoriginofGatsby’sdream。
　　B。EssenceofGatsby’sDream
　　EvenifhisdreamoriginatedfromAmericandream，theessenceofGatsby’sdreamistheessenceofAmericandream。Withhisgrowing，Gatsby’sAmericanDreamwentbyanevolutionwhenhewasyoung。Hedreamedmakingagoodfortune，transcendingcommonpeopleandgettingridofpoornessasmuchastheheroeswrittenbyBenFranklinandHoratioAlger。LaterhemetDaisybychanceandthenlosthishearttoher，thusDaisybecamethepersonificationofhisperfectidealandtheembodimentofconcentratinghisentireideal，andtheheendeavoredtodoeverythinginthedirectionofthem。Becauseinhismind，DaisyrepresentedallbeautifulcreaturesoftheupperclasssocietyinAmerica，andinhismemory，thefirstlovebetweenDaisyandhimseemedtobeahumanfairyland，whereas，thecruelrealitywasthathelackedrichfamilysupportinghimandhislove。Thegreatdisparityoftheirstatusmadehimsensethathehadnorighttotouchherhand。Gatsbywasoverwhelminglyawareoftheyouthandmysterythatwealthimpressionsandpreserves，ofthefreshnessofmanyclothes，andofDaisy，gleaminglikesilver，safeandproudabovehotstrugglesofthepoor。（Fitzgerald，2002：98）
　　Asaresult，themoreperfecthisidealbecame，themorefarawayrealitywas。
　　C。SymbolofGatsby’sDream
　　Inthenovel，thegreenlightrepresentedthatinnocentGatsbylookedforwardtothefuture，andatthesametimelongedforthehistory，namely，thegreenlightrepresentshisdream。
　　Gatsbybelievedthegreenlight，theorgiasticfuturethatyearbyyearrecedesbeforeus。Iteludedusthen，butthat’snomattertomorrowwewillrunfaster，stretchoutourarmsfarther。Andonefinemorning。Sowebeaton，boatsagainstthecurrent，bornebackceaselesslyintothepast。（Fitzgerald，2002：188）
　　AmericanDreamactuallyoriginatedfromthepast，andmadehimsincerelypersistinthetraditionalidealfoundation；however，whenhewasbornebackceaselesslyintothepast，hemadeeffortsforexploringvariouspossibilityinthefuture。Tosomeextent，Gatsby’slovetoDaisyreflectedhiswonderfulmemoryofthepast。Fouryearsbefore，herealizedherandthenlovedher。Itwasdeeplyengravedonhismindoforiginallove。Inthelongtime，totheloveofmissingDaisy，GatsbymemorizedthatDaisyfantasticallybecameabeautifulmiraclestoryinhismind，ahistoricaleventwithwonderfulexperiencesandafairymaideninamysteriousVail。Hedesiredtomakethehistoricalpasttransformtothefuturewithsamehistoricalmeaningthroughhisownpersistentefforts。Andthisgreenlightrepresentinghisgoodidealechoedwithafreshgreenbreastoftheworldmutuallyattheendofthisnovel，whichmadeGatsby’sexperiencesindicatethewholeAmerica’sones；nevertheless，afterfiveyearswhenGatsbymetDaisyagain，themiracleDaisyhadlostheroriginalglory。Thedistinctionbetweenidealandrealitywashuge。
　　Andshedoesn’tunderstand，hesaid：sheusedtobeabletounderstand。We’dsitforhoursHebrokeoffandbegantowalkupanddownadesolatepathoffruitrindsanddiscardedfavorsandcrushedflowers。
　　Iwouldn’tasktoomuchforher，Iventured，youcan’trepeatthepast。
　　Can’trepeatthepast？Hecriedincredulously。Whyofcourseyoucan！Helookedaroundhimwildly，asifthepastwerelurkinghereintheshadowofhishouse，justoutreachofhishand。I’mgoingtofixeverythingjustthewayitwasbefore，hesaid，noddingdeterminedlyshe’llsee。（Fitzgerald，2002：1301）
　　Throughthesewords，authorgavehighlyemphasistothefigureofGatsby，asifAmericanDreambetweengoldenpastandgoldenfuturealwayssufferedfromtherealisticbetrayalandcrushtherealisticworldappearinginfrontofpeoplewasbleaknessanddejectionthatitwasfulloffruitsrindsanddiscardedfavorsandcrushedflowershereandthere。Gatsbycouldnotbuildhishopefutureonthebasisofcruelreality。Heuniquelyrecalledthepast，onlytomakethepastillusiontakeplaceoftherealityandfuture。Hecouldnotfacesquarelytherealityofunitingthepastwiththefutureintherealisticenvironment。ThesereflecttheessenceofGatsby’sdream。
　　II。IdealPersonification：UnworthyofName
　　Gatsby’idealpersonificationinhismindisDaisy，becauseshewasjustabeautifulwomanandtheGatsby’sfirstlover。Surely，helovedherverymuch；however，Daisywasratherearthlywomanandbadvirtue。
　　A。AWorldlyBeauty
　　Woefully，DaisywasnotasperfectasGatsbyalwaysimagininginhismind，andhisidealpersonificationthatGatsbydesperatelysoughtwasonlyabadlyworldlybeautywithagoodappearanceandemptysoul。InacocktailpartyonceheldbyGatsby，whenDaisywithherhusbandTomcametoGatsby’smansiontogether，Gatsby，beingahost，ofcourseservingthem，especiallyservingDaisy，introducedallcustomerstothemonebyone。Whentheycametothefrontofapairofoutstandingones，hegavethemaspecialintroductionanddescription：
　　Perhapsyouknowthatlady，Gatsbyindicatedgorgeous，scarcelyhumanorchidofawomanwhosatunderawhiteplumtree。TomandDaisystared，withthatparticularlyunrealfeelingthataccompaniestherecognitionofhithertoghostlycelebritiesofmemories。
　　She’slovely，saidDaisy。
　　Themanbendingoverisherdirector。（Fitzgerald，2002：120）
　　Seenfromthesurface，itisaveryelegantpicture，asthefamousdrawingintheworldwasexciting，whileobservedfromtheessence，thepicturewasnoneofdeepsense。Thesceneofthemoviepicturestarandherdirectorneverappearedinrealitybutinarehearsal。Aftertheauthorfinishedintroducingotherscenes，hetookreaders’attentiontothepairoffiguresagain，givingreadersastaticandwonderfulimage，asifreaderswenttothebackofthewhiteplumtreeandsawanotherscene。
　　Itwaslikethat。AlmostthelastthingIrememberwasstandingwithDaisyandwatchingthemoviepicturedirectorandhisstar。Theyarestillunderthewhiteplumtreeandtheirfacesweretouchingexceptforapale，thinrayofmoonlightbetweenthem。Itoccurredtomethathehadbeenveryslowlybendingtowardtoherallnightthisproximity，andevenwhileIwatchedIsawhimstooponeultimatedegreeandkissathercheek。Ilikeher，saidDaisy，Ithinkshe’slovely。（Fitzgerald，2002：127）
　　She’sgotandindiscreetvoice，Iremarked。It’sfullofIhesitated。
　　Hervoiceisfullofmoney，hesaidsuddenly。
　　Thatwasit。I’dneverunderstoodbefore。Itwasfullofmoneythatwastheinexhaustiblecharmthatroseandfellinit，thejingleofit，thesymbols’songofithighinawhitepalacetheking’sdaughter，thegoldengirl（Fitzgerald，2002：143）
　　Withoutdoubtness，Daisywastheconcreteembodimentofepicurean：moneyfirstandmaterialprominent。
　　B。BadVirtue
　　ContrastwithGatsby’shospitality，spoonandromantic，DaisypossessedneitherromanticidealslikeGatsbynortherealsacrificialbraveryofsacrificingfortheideal，onlytodesireforcomfortableworldlylife。ItwastruethatshelovedGatsby，butlaterinordertoenjoymagnificentandcomfortablelife，shemarriedTomagainstherwills。
　　AsshefoundthatGatsbywasricherthanTomBuchanan，shereturnedtoGatsby，theclimaxofthenovelwasarrangedinahotel，whenTomtoldthefactthatGatsbywasabootleggerandhiswealthwasillegal，Daisyshrankatonce。‘EvenaloneIcan’tsayIneverlovedTom，’sheadmittedinapitifulvoice，‘Itwouldn’tbetrue’。（Fitzgerald，2002：158）Impatiently，afterDaisycrackedupTom’smistressbychancewhenshedrove，sheescapedawaywithherhusbandTomtogether，andlefttheresponsibilityandguiltytoGatsby；what’sworse，shehadlittlecouragetoadmitthefactthatsheherselfwasthewreckerindeed。Gatsbylovedapersonwhowasacowardandlackofvirtuesandsincerity，buthestillconsideredherashisbestideal，andvoluntarilyacceptedallresponsibilitiesandsacrificedhislife，allofwhichcausedGatsby’stragedy；whereas，owingtoDaisy’sbetrayal，hisdeathwasinnocent，anditwasGatsby’stragedythathewassurrenderedbyhisownidealDaisyandpaidtoohighcostforhisemptydream。
　　III。PotentialDestructivenessinGatsby’sCharacters
　　TheinevitabilityofGatsby’stragedywasrelatedtothepotentialdestructivenessinhischaracter，namely，somefactorsinhischaractercausedhislifeandidealsdestroyed。
　　A。ObstinateCharacter
　　GatsbywasthebelieverandfollowerofAmericanDreamwhothoughttheopportunitywasequaltoeveryoneinthesocietyandfantasizedtopromptintoupperclasssocietylikeDaisy。Nevertheless，theupperclasssocietywhichrepresentedbyDaisyandTomneverputupwithGatsbyaswellashisbeing。Tomwasveryproudselfishandcruel，lackingessentialvirtuesandmoralities。Inhiseyes，hecouldneverabidebysharingtheprivilegewhichthenoblepeopleonlyownedandsharedwithGatsbytogether。Nomatterwhoishe？Ifhedaredtotalkabouttheequality，hemustdieofit。Therefore，thoughGatsbymadealaddertothefairylandinpeople’smindbyhisillegalwealth，hecouldnottakeaplaceandspaceintheupperclasssocietyandequallysharethemagicandmilk。Howeverrichhewas，howeverhisnameandluxuriouscarsheexchanged，hewasstillanunimportantpersonwhocamefromthelowclasssociety，consequently，hewasalwaysattackedandsqueezedout。GatsbywouldnotacceptthefactheneverdiditbutGatsbystillstruggledforhisdreamrepeatingthepastwithDaisyandgotrichbyhookorcrook，especiallybyillegalmethods。Sohewasobstinateinhismind，actually，hewasnotstupidbutfoolish。Doubtlessly，itisinevitablethathisAmericanDreamwasdisillusioned。
　　B。FoolishCharacter
　　Actually，Gatsbyisarealfoolishgentleman，becausehefantasizedaboutgettingapurelove，andthoughtofaworldlybeautyasthesymbolofperfectideal。Inordertogethisideallove，GatsbystruggledhisfeetfromthelowclasssocietyanddevotedhimselftoDaisy。Heinnocentlybelievedthataslongashegotrich，hecouldrepeatthepastwithDaisy。DifferentfromotherpeopleinJazzAge，Gatsbywasapureromanticgentleman。GatsbyboughtthatmansionsothatDaisywouldbijustacrossthebay。（Fitzgerald，2002：93）AlthoughDaisyoncereturnedtohisbody，hecouldnotsatisfyit。Whathewantedtogetwasnotthatheendowedwithgreatcharm，butthathewantednothinglessofDaisythanthatsheshouldgotoTomandsay：Ineverloveyou。AftershehadobliteratedfouryearswiththatsentencetheycoulddecideuponthemorepracticalmeasurestogobacktoLouisvilleandbemarriedfromherhousejustasifitwerefiveyearsago。（Fitzgerald，2002：130）However，theessenceofDaisydecidedthatthedreamofGatsby’spurelovewasinevitablydisillusioned。
　　C。Ignorance
　　Infact，Gatsbywasseriousignoranceoftheupperclasssocietyforhedidnotrecognizetheessenceoftheupperclasssocietyclearly：ForGatsby，therealisticbackgroundofDaisy’sfamilyandhersocialintercourseactuallybecameakindofidealsymbolthatisbeyondrealityandagreementwiththemythcircumstances。Asanunknownandpennilessman，Gatsbywasjustbeyondreach，sohespentallhisenergystrugglingforandweavinghisidealanddream，sothathecouldnotseethroughthehypocrisyandtheuglinesshiddeninbeautyandluxury。Whilehewasalive，heconstantlyheldtremendousfeastsandhadanendlessstreamofvisitors。Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemothsamongthewhisperingsandchampagneandthestars，butafterhewasdead，notelephonemessagearrived，butthebutlerwentwithouthissleepandwaitedforituntilfouro’clockuntillingaftertherewasanyonetogiveittoifitcame。OnGatsby’sfuneralceremony，
　　aboutfiveo’clockourprocessionofthreecarsreachedthecemeteryandstoppedinathickdrizzlebesidethegatefirstamotorhearse，horriblyblackandwet，thenMr。GatzandthepostmanfromWestEgg，what’sworse，Icouldonlyremember，withoutresent，thatDaisyhadn’tsentamessageoraflower。（Fitzgerald，2002：208）
　　DaisywentfarawaywithhishusbandTom；Gatsby’sfuneralceremonywasratherlonely。Perhaps，itwastheessentialfaceofupperclasssociety。Gatsbywassolackofmindanddiscerningpowerthathewasfatallydestroyed。Hisdestructionwasnotonlyinphysicbutinspiritormorality；unfortunatelyhedidnotrealizeitwhenhewasdied。
　　D。Innocence
　　ThemostobviousdestructivenessinhischaractersisthatGatsbywasveryinnocent。Itisapoeticandromanticscenethathidseriousfacts。Underthewastedandluxurioussurfacehidden，Gatsby’sinnerheartwentbycrueltyhemustthinkandbuilddesireforrealityofidealsinthefantasyandimpracticalscene，andfinallyfindsomeplacebeneficialforhimtobecomepracticalpossibility。ItwasthefocusofthequestionthatallhiseffortsweretoattractahisoriginalloverDaisy’sattentionandtomakeherreturntohisbody，butGatsbymadeanostentationsshowofone’swealthwithbeyondwordsdescribingandtheostentationcontainedfatalfactors，soluxuriouspartymadethefocusofthequestionambiguous。
　　Therewasmusicfrommyneighbor’shousethroughthesummernights。Inbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemothsamongthewhisperingsandthechampagneandthestars。AtnighttideintheafternoonIwatchedguestspingfromthetowerofhisraft，ortakingthesunonthehotsandofhisbeachwhilehistwomotorcarsslitthewatersofsound，drawingaquaplanesovercataractsoffoam。OnweekendshisRollRoycebecameanomnibusbearingpartiestoandfromthecitybetweenmineinthemorningandlingpastnight。Whilehisstationwagonscamperedlikeabriskyellowbugtomeetalltrains。AndonMondayseightservants，includinganextragardener，toiledalldaywithmopsandscrubbingbrushesandhammersandgardenshears，repairingtheravagesofthenightbefore。（Fitzgerald，2002：47）
　　Thepossibilityofrealisticlifewasbasedonmaterials，andtheidealsfelltothesecondplace，however，intheextremelyluxuriousworldofmaterialspersonalbeach，mansion，RollRoyce，etc。Gatsbywentintoamarvelousstatewhichwasoutofpractice。Hismagnificentcocktailpartyattractedinnumerablecelebritiescomingfromupperclasssociety。Somepeoplewereenviousones，otherswerevisitors’guests，buttheyhadthesamemotiveforshowingofftheirnoblestatus，sharingluxuriousmateriallife，hardlymakingthemdropoutoftheday。Theycouldbeproudofattendingthenoblecocktailparty。Thiskindofservileandworldlypsychologymadethemspendweekendsinacontinuous，madeGatsbycertainlyexhaustlotsofmoneytoexpresshisgenerosityandhospitality，witharesult，onMondayseightservants，includinganextragardener，toiledalldaywithmopsandscrubbingbrushesandhammersandgardenshears，，repairingtheravagesofthenightbefore。
　　Thesearekeyimportantwordsinthispart。Thoughitcouldmadepeopleproducetheassociationoffairytale，yetitpossessesdeepsarcasticmeaningandinnuendofunction，whichburiedaforeshadowingforGatsby’stragicconsequence；inaddition，itismorewonderfultocasuallyaddextragardeners，asifhisguestshadbrokentheharmonyoforiginalnaturalbeautifulview，andmadetheoriginalpoeticanddrawingscenebadlymessy。Inthisnovel，usingasuperbmetaphor，theauthorshowstoreadersthatthemostsuitableplacetorecordtheseguests’nameswasontheemptyspacesofanoldandbrokentimetable，becausethesegueststheworldtheirembodyingwerefantasizingasshortastime，aflashinthepan，andtheywouldnevercamebackwithtimepassingatlast，asapieceofoverduetraintimetableleftpeoplealittledimmemory。WhattheyrepresentedwasonlysomemisshapenscrapscrushedbyrealityofAmericanDream，andtheseguestscametovisitGatsbyinacontinuousstream，becausehehadmotorboats，personalbeach，luxuriouscars，aswellasvariouscocktailsandballs’parties。Moreimportantly，theyallfollowedblindlyimpracticalrealitywiththeirillusionandshowedoffthemselvesandtheirownvalues，whileGatsbywaswillingtoinvitethemtotakehisparty。BecauseofhisincompleteAmericanDream，withoutseeingandtouchingtherealistichope，heusedtheformofmaterialtocreatetheidealworldandpracticehislifedream。ItwasafactthatGatsbyneededthemtodecoratemansionforhisfaceandinturntheyneededGatsby’shospitalitytoraisetheirstatus。Sotheirmutualneedsmadethemgotogether，nevertheless，theirowngoalswerecompletelydifferent，andtheirlifeexperienceswerealsomoredifferent。Nomatterhowdazzlingandluxuriousthepartieswere，nomatterhowhospitalityGatsbypowered，thegatbetweenGatsbyandthemalwaysexistedforever，inthatfantasyandrealityactedindirectcontradictionastwotrainsinsamedirectioncouldnotmergedtogether。Followingsindicateit：
　　Thecaterwaulinghornshadreachedacrescendoandturnedawayandcutacrossthelawntowardhome。Iglancedbackonce。AwaferofamoonwasshiningoverGatsby’shouse，makingthenightfineasbefore，andsurvivingthelaughterandthesoundhisstillglowinggarden。Asuddenemptinessseemedtoflownowfromthewindowsandthegreatdoors，endowingwithcompleteisolationthefigureofthehost，whostoodontheporch，hishandinaformalgestureoffarewell。（Fitzgerald，2002：66）
　　Thephraseisadescriptionwithprofoundmeaning。Itmakespeopletocometorealizetheficklenessofhumanrelationshipsandtofeelthedesolationanddepression，andmakespeoplefeelhisenduranceofdesireforidealsandinnerpain。Helonelystoodontheporch，hishandupinformalgestureoffarewell，whichmadehisfigureoutstandingprotrusionandconspicuousness。
　　Therefore，theobstinate，foolish，ignorantandinnocentcharactersaredestructivecharacters，andtheymakeGatsby’stragedybecomemorepossible。
　　IV。TheDecadentandRuthlessSocialReality
　　A。CruelsocialSocietyofU。S。A
　　Inthesocietyofthelostideals，Gatsbywasahotandromanticidealist，andhismarvelousgeniustothehopeandromancemadehimturnablindeyetoAmericancruelsocialrealityanddesperatelysoughtafterimpracticalromanticlove，eventriedredeeminghislostpleasuretogetherwithDaisyinthepastbyaplentyofmoney；besides，hestillobstinatelybelievedthatonepersoncouldfulfillthedreamthroughhisownidealbyhookorbycrook，andevenifhemethugetroubleorproblem，hewouldtakehishearttofulfillhisowndreamwithallhisefforts，whereas，thepowerofopposingGatsbywasbourgeoisiegroupsrepresentedbyTomandDaisy。Thenovelreallyrespondedtothestruggleforstatusesbetweenthenewnoblemenandtheoldgroups。TomandDaisywereextremeegoistsandrealmaterialist，Tomassertedinpublicthisfellowhasworkedoutthewholething。It’suptouswhoarethedominantrace，towatchoutortheseotherraceswillhavecontrolofthings，（Fitzgerald，2002：15）whileDaisywassametoechoothers’opinions。InTom’seyes，thoughGatsbywasonlynobodywhoselifestorynooneknew，hewhowasayoungmagnatewasaggressedbyTomwhonevertookacasualattitudetoGatsbysinceheknewGatsby。GatsbywantheabsolutevictorywhenhecompetedwithTomtogainDaisy’slove，butTomwasnotwillingtogiveitup，furthermore，hetookmeanmeasuresanddecidedtokillGatsbytodeath。Forthispurpose，TomerushedatGatsbylikeahungrybeast，tokillGatsby’sdreamwithcontinualdirtydust。
　　Itwaslikethis，becauseofTom’sconspiracyandbetrayal，Gatsbywastragicdeath。Atlast，thesymbolmeaningofGatsby’sexperiencesandhisbrokendreamisveryclear：
　　Mostofthebigshoreplaceswereclosenowandtherewerehardlyandlightsexcepttheshadowymoreglowofaferryboatacrossthesound。AndasthemoonrosehighertheinessentialhousesbegantomeltawayuntilgraduallyIbecameawareoftheoldislandherethatfloweredonceforDutchsailors’eyesaflesh，greenbreastofthenewworld。It’svanishedtrees，thetreesthathadmadewayforGatsby’shousehadoncepanderedinwhisperstoothelastandgreatestofallhumandreams；foratransitoryenchantedmoment，compelledintoanaestheticcontemplationheneitherunderstoodnordesired，facetofaceforthelasttimeinhistorywithsomethingcommensuratetohiscapacityforwonder。（Fitzgerald，2002：214）
　　Therefore，hecouldnotseethroughthecruelsocietyinAmericaatthattime。
　　B。SocialValueTrend
　　GatsbywasoneoftypicalrepresentativesofAmericanDreamthatallgenerationsofAmericanpeoplepursued。Hewasreallypennilessbeforehehadfulfilledhisideals，butatlasthewasoverwhelmedbydecadentruthlesssociety。NomatterhowdidGatsbystruggleforit，hecouldnotgetintotheupperclasssociety；nomatterhowdidhedohard，hecouldnotgetDaisyandherheart；evenifhetriedhisbestefforttofulfillhisdream，hewasdestinedtofailatlast。PeoplecouldlearnsomethingfromtheGatsby’stragedythattheupperclasssocietyinAmericawasaffectedbyAmericanrottenlifeforpleasure，theworldwastheplacewhererichmencouldsharelife，andthatwasadaydreamforanyonewhowantedtoseekforthepureloveandsincerehappinessthere。BecauseGatsbyhelddifferentsocialvaluefromcommonAmericanpeople，thetragedyofbelieverandfollowerGatsbypersistentlyseekingforAmericanDreamassertedthebankruptcyofAmericanDream。
　　Conclusion
　　Gatsby’sfinaldestructivenesswastheconsequenceofTom’splottingandframing。ItwassuperficialphenomenonthatTom，therealmurdererofmurderingGatsby，representedtheupperclasssocietyandcommittedthecrime，butthedeepconnotationwasthatupperclasssocietyruinedGatsby’sdreaminspirit。Gatsby’sfalsitywasthathewastooinnocenttoseethroughthathisbelovedDaisywasasdishonestandunconscientiousasTom，andtheyuniquepossessedselfish，cruelness，falsity，deceitaswellasnarrowness。InthecocktailpartyGatsbyheld，TomandDaisysmashedupthingsandcreaturesandthenretreatedbackintotheirmoneyortheirvastcarelessness，orletotherpeoplecleanupthemesstheyhadmade，soDaisywasnotworthyforGatsbytodevotehimselftoher，andhelivedincruelenvironment。
　　Sowebeaton，boatsonagainstthecurrent，bornbackceaselesslyintothepast（Fitzgerald，2002：215）。Torepeatthepast，Gatsbydevotedalltohisdream，butatlasthiseffortswerehopeless。Actually，thiswasanodeofpersonalityseparatedinspecialtimeandspace。Gatsbytriedpracticinghisfigureagain，promptingintoupperclasssocietyandregainingoriginalidealbelovedDaisy，whoseactionsweremagnificentandepic，buthewasdestinedtofailbecausehisvariouseffortsweresarcastic。HemadealotofliesforgettingDaisy，yetshewasonlyabeautifulbodywithgoodappearanceandbadvirtues，soDaisyhasnoqualificationtobethepersonwhoGatsbydevotedhislifeto。
　　Owingtohisinnocence，lackingofdiscerningpowerandselfcomprehension，Gatsbyfellintothetrapthatthesocialevilpowersetforhim。Owingtohishonestness，kindness，determinedbeliefs，tensedesireandfirmdecision，hebelievedthathecouldbuildarealfairyland。Doubtlessly，thedescriptionofAmericanDreamwasperfect，buttherealisticworldrepresentedbyTomandDaisywastooabsurdtowithstandasingleblow。Gatsby’slackofmindanddiscerningpowerledtohisfinaldestructivenesshisdestructivenesswasnotonlyinphysicbutalsoinspirit。Itishumanbeing’stragedy。
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