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英语新闻标题的特点

  英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点
  〔Abstract〕HeadlinesarequiteessentialforEnglishnews。Theyarethewindowsofnews。Thispaperdescribesthetypesofheadlinesandalsoexplainsthefeaturesofheadlines。Firstly,introductionofclassificationsofheadlinescangivereadersaperceptualknowledge。Secondly,inordertogivereaderssomerationalknowledgeaboutheadlines,thispaperthenexplainscharacteristicsofvocabulariesinheadlines,ie。shortwords,shortenings,quotations,proverbs,wisdoms,idiomsareoftenusedinheadline。Italsogivesexamplesofrhetoricalcharacteristicssuchasmetaphor,contrast,rhyme,pun,metonymyandparadoxandsoonsoforth。Finallythepaperconcludestenseandvoicefeaturesinheadlinesandsumsupthemostimportantfeatureofheadlines:omission。Newsmediaisthebestchannelofknowingeveryfieldincludingpolitics,economics,science,culture,andsociety。ThispaperaimstohelpEnglishlearnersknowEnglishnewswellandreadnewsefficiently。
  〔KeyWords〕English;headline;feature
  【摘要】英语新闻标题在报刊英语中占有十分重要的地位,可谓是新闻的概要,也是新闻的窗口。本文就新闻标题进行了全面的归类和分析。首先,描述标题在形式上的分类和意义上的分类,让读者对新闻标题有一定的感性认识;然后再进一步说明标题用词短小,喜欢用缩略词和截短词及典故;再对新闻标题善用各种修辞手段:比喻,对比,押韵,双关,借代,矛盾修辞法进行举例分析;又归纳了时态语态在新闻标题中的变换省略和替代;最后对新闻标题最大的特色:省略详加叙述。至此,希望读者已经对英语新闻标题有了理性深入的了解。阅读新闻是对了解当今政治,经济,科学,文化,和社会等信息最有效的方法,而对英语新闻标题的理解掌握,则使英语新闻的阅读更有效率。
  【关键词】英语;新闻标题;特点
  1。Introduction
  Apieceofnewsiscomposedbythreeparts:headline,leadingandbodyamongwhichaheadlineistheepitomeandhighlightofthecontentofnewspapersandperiodicals。
  Headlinesprintedonthepapersarethewindowsofthenewsanditcanletreadersknowitisworthreading。itisessentialforreaderstounderstandheadlinestodecidewhichcolumnshouldbereadwhilewhichnot。
  Inthispaper,featuresofusingvocabulary,tenseandvoice,omissionofwordsandusingofvariousrhetoricofheadlinesfromEnglishnewspapersandperiodicalsareapproachedforthepurposeofgivingabetterunderstandingofthecontentsofnewsandimprovingEnglishlearners’readingability。
  2。Typesofheadlines
  2。1Categoriesaccordingtotheirforms。
  2。1。1flushleftheadline
  Inaflushleftheadline,everywordtakesuponelineandbeginsattheveryleft。ThatisthecommonformofmodernEnglishnewspapers。Thefollowingexamplecanshowyouwhatisaflushleftheadline。
  e。g。IMF
  WILL
  HAVE
  SAYEveryheadlinewordinitislargeandboldandthewholeheadlineoftencoversseveralcolumns。Itisalsocalledfirstlargeheadlineandoftenusedinfrontpageforitsattraction。
  e。g。HousePassesBushPlantoCutTaxes
  2。1。3dropformheadline
  Itlookslikealadder。Thereareseverallinesinitandthefollowinglinedrawsbackseverallettersfromtheaboveone。Beautyandniceareitsmerits。
  e。g。FBIAgreestoCease
  ItsIllegalSurveillance
  OftheResearchInstitute
  2。1。4InvertedPyramidheadline
  Itisalsopopularfornicelooking。ItformsaPyramidlookingheadline。
  e。g。FactoryWalkout
  ThreatOver
  Sacking
  2。1。5Doubleheadline
  Thiskindofheadlineisusedmostlyforthereportofbigevents。Ithastwolines:oneismainheadlineandtheotherauxiliaryheadline。
  (1)e。g。1ExpecttoGotoU。S。
  CastrotoFreeThousandsofPrisoners
  (2)e。g。2ItIsn’ttheCowThatAreMad
  It’sthePeopleThatAregoingMad
  2。1。6Jumpheadheadline
  Theheadlineispidedintotwoparts:originalheadandjumphead。Aoriginalpartisinonepage,butafterthebodyjumpspages,theoriginalheadwillbechangedintoajumpheadwhichusesdifferentwordsfromoriginalonetoexpressthesamemeaning。
  e。g。Pentagen英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点Plans
  SystemtoFlight
  RussiaSatellites
  (original)
  U。S。PlansWeapon
  AgainstSatellites
  (jumphead)
  2。2Categoriesaccordingtotheirmeanings
  2。2。1Straitheadline
  Thiskindofheadlinetellsusstraitaboutthesubjectsofnews。Thisisthemostcommononeandiseasytounderstand。
  (1)e。g。1RailroadWorkersStrikeinArgentina。
  (2)e。g。2ManJailedforMurder
  (3)e。g。3OilTankerFire
  2。2。2Questioningheadline
  Questionmarksoftenbeseeninthiskindofheadlinesbutmostofthemdonothavemeaningsofquestioning。Theyoftengiveaclueofpossibilityorwriter’sdoubtabouttherealityofsomefacts。
  (1)e。g。OilPricetoRise?
  (2)e。g。NewCabinetToday?
  (3)e。g。JonesPlannedtoKillBush?
  (4)e。g。PoliceAllowedJailBreak?
  2。2。3Featureheadline
  Itisoftentousefeatureheadlinewhenapieceofnewsisunusualorreaderswillbequiteinterestedinit。Suchheadlinesarenoteasytounderstand,sometimesthewholenewsshouldberead。
  (1)e。g。DownintheMouth,NewsforDentists。
  Thisreportisaboutakindofvaccine,whichisstudiedoutandwillbeusedforpreventingteethdecay。
  (2)e。g。、TheManWhoReignoverUK’sQueen
  Reignmeansruleoveranditisonlyusedforaqueenoraking。Sotheconnectionofmanandreignmaygetreadersconfused,thentheymaybeeagertofindwhy。Notuntilthewholenewsareread。TheyfindthemanisjustacaptainofashipnamedQueenMary。
  2。2。4。Orationheadline
  Thiskindofheadlinecanbepidedinto:
  ()Useofsayingsasheadlines
  e。g。WeOweOurLivestoOurPilot
  ()Quotewordsfrominterviewersorreportersorotherpeopleheardbywriters。
  (1)e。g。WeHavetoSaveOurPeople
  (2)e。g。Wewon’tQuit
  ()Chooseonesentence,somewordsoronewordfromthewholenewsasaheadline。
  (1)e。g。IHaveADream
  (2)e。g。MugwumpBritain
  MugwumpBritaincriticizeBritainisadoubledealer。SheatonehandkeepsaspecialrelationshipwithU。S。butattheotherhandsheclaimstobeasidewithwestEurope。
  ()Somewordsinaheadlinewithquotationmarksareusuallynottheiroriginalmeanings。
  e。g。NorseInvasion
  TheheadlinedoesnotindicatetheinvasionbynorthEuropeinancient。ItreallytellsthatNorwaymengoshoppingandtouringinalargegroupasinvasion。Sothissocalledinvasionisnotitsoriginalmeaning。
  3。Featuresofusingvocabulariesinheadlines
  Headlinesofnewstendtousespecialwordswhichweallknowindailybutmaygetconfusedwhenmeettheminnews。
  3。1Shortwordsareoftenused。
  Editorsdisgustlongwordsbadlywhichnotonlytakeuplinesbutalsoseemedugly。Forthesakeofniceandbalance,editorslikeshortwordstogeneralizenews。
  e。g。aidassistancefoeopponent;enemy
  bidattemptnabcapture
  pactagreementwedmarry
  probeinvestigationrapaccusation,charge
  routdefeat,completelysetready
  Ithasbeenlastingseveralyearstouseshortwordsinnewsheadlines。Mncken,anAmericanlinguist,said‘itistheoutstandingcharacteristicofusingveryshortwordsinheadlines。’inhiswork‘AmericanEnglish’。SimilarexamplesasabovearesomanyinmodernEnglishnewspapers。〔1〕p48
  Itisworthsayingthatsinglesyllablesbeginningwithexplodeareusedmoreforitsshortnessandpower,suchasbid,bust,pop,cut,chop,kill,curb,gut,mug。ManyofthevocabulariesinheadlinesareAngloSaxsonwordswhichareoral,simple,plainandlively。What’smore,theyhavebeenacceptedbythepublic。〔2〕p48
  YetvocabulariesofEnglishheadlinessometimestendtoshortsothattheylackofaccuracy。Thatshouldnotbelearned。〔3〕p48
  3。2Useofshorteningswidely。
  InEnglish,therearethreekindsofshortenings:acronyms,alphabetismsandclippings,whichare英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点widelyusedinheadlinesfortheirshortnessandconciseness。
  (2)e。g。MergerHelpsChryslerCEO
  (Autoautomobilecompany,Mmillion,CEOChiefExecutiveOfficer)
  3。3Useofliteraryquotations,proverbs,wisdoms,idioms。
  Terry。L。Fredenkson,inhisJournalEnglishhesaididiomsarefullofheadlines。Theyareusedwidelyaswellaschangedtheirformsveryoftentogiveasenseofbeinghumorandalive。
  (1)e。g。AllRoadstoVenice
  (ChangingformofallroadsleadtoRome)
  (2)e。g。FarewelltoArms
  Ittellsaboutthecommunistparty’ssecretaryofsovietunionadvisedUSpresidenttodestroynuclearweaponscompletely。Itquotesthenameofafamousbook,AFareWelltoArms。
  (3)e。gRefugeesinDiceStraits
  Indicestraitsisanidiommeansinadifficultordangeroussituation。
  3。4Useofneologismandforeignwords
  Thiskindofuncommonwordcanalsostrikestheeye。Editorsknowreadersareunfamiliarwiththesewords,sotheyalwaysgiveexplanationinacontext。Neologismandforeignwordsalwaysconnectedwithplacesandcontentsthatarereported。
  (1)e。g。YenbenefitsfromEuropeanfunds
  YenisJapanesemonitoryunit。
  (2)e。g。‘Beriozka’bringsRussianForkDance
  BerioakaisRussianBeriozka(birchtree)Company
  3。5Newwordsandwrongspellings
  Togiveastrikingandfreshfeeling,editorstendtousenewwordsandwrongspellings。
  (1)e。g。TheOrangemostestDrinkintheWorld
  Orangemostestismadeupbyorangemostest,mostandestarebothusedtogethertostressthequalityoftheorangedrink。
  (2)e。g。WeKnowEggsactlyHowtoSellEggs
  Eggsactlyisasimilarsoundofexactlyandrelativetoeggs。Thisuniquewordformationgamecandoubtlesslycatchreaders’eyes。〔4〕p115
  3。6Imitation
  3。6。1Changletters
  Thisistheeasiestwaytoimitationbychanginglettersofawordorsomewordswearefamiliarwith。
  e。g。ManBehavingDadly
  ThetextintroducesanEnglishTVprogramManBehavingBadlyinwhichthelastscreenshowsabadmangotasonandbecomeadad,sothewriterreplacethebadlyintodadly。
  3。6。2Addletters
  e。g。Gooooooal!ButPitytheGuyBetweenthePosts
  AddfiveOandthepictureofkickinginishere。
  3。6。3Addhyphens
  Ahyphencanpideawordintotwoparts,fromwhichnewsenseappears。
  e。g。CatastrophicMistakeoverFishyMisery
  4。Usingofrhetoricinheadlines。
  Thiskindofheadlinesusevariousrhetoricmeanstoattractreaders。
  4。1Metaphor
  e。g。AHouseinTwoParts
  ThisisaheadlineofareportdiscussingCanadiancountrysystem。Thisreportintroducemainexistingdifferencesinlanguage,law,culturalandconceptbetweenEnglishspeakingCanadaandFrenchspeakingCanada。TherebyillustratetheunsteadyofCanadiansystem。AHouseinTwoPartissuitableaswellasvivid。
  4。2Contrast
  e。g。U。S。isLongonGameShows,ShortonForeignNews
  ThisisapressonU。S。TVprogram。Itisdistinctlycontrastandirony。
  4。3AlliterationandConsonance
  (1)e。g。SoldiersSalarySoars
  Sisthebeginningletterofeverywords,andthisisalliterate。
  (2)e。gTheGreatWhiteWait’’
  Ine。g2。whiteindicatesnowandletterTistherhymeendingofthreewords。〔5〕p36
  Alliterationandrhymeheresoundswellandgiveaspecialatmospheretocatchreaderseyes。〔6〕p139
  4。4Puns
  Punsareofteninirony,humorousheadlines。Iftheyareusedproperthistrendwouldbestronger。
  (1)e。g。TheSunSetsFortheLastTime
  IttellsusanEnglishnewspaperinHongKongcalledsunisstopcomingout。The‘sun’hereisapun。〔7〕p111
  (2)e。g。AfricanStatesmanStillSowingSeedsforFuture
  ThisreportisaboutJuliusNyerere,presidentofTansonia,whoissowingseedshappilyinhishometownwhereisfarfrombigcitiesafterretired。ButAf英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点ricaisunsteadythusmanyinternationalleadersgoallthewaytolearnfromhimthewaysofsavingacountry。SoheisstillsowingseedsforthefutureofAfrica。‘Sowingseeds’isapuninthisheadline。〔8〕p349
  4。5Metonymy
  Whenusingmetonymy,thepersonorthethingawriterwanttowritearenotshowndirectlyinaheadline,butbyborrowingotherthingsconnectedtoindicatethemindirectly。
  (1)e。g。ARoyalPainFortheCrown
  HerecrownisnottherealcrownbutindicatetheQueen。
  (2)e。g。UncleSam’sIsland
  UncleSamisnearlyknowntoall。ItisanotherinformalsayingsofAmericangovernmentorAmericans。
  Metonymycanavoidrepeatingcertainwordsandstrengthentheaffection,soitisusedlargelyinmodernnewspaper,evensomeofmetonymiesbecometobepublicwords,suchasWhiteHouse,BuckingHamPalace,DowningStreet,MotorCity,andsoon。
  4。6Paradox
  (1)e。g。:ForRamadan,JerusalemisQuietbutTense
  (安静却不平静,斋月期间的耶路撒冷)
  (2)e。g。SurgeryWithouttheSurgery?!
  (动手术不用刀了?!)
  Aparadoxcanmakereadersthinkfromtwosidewaysandletthemunderstandnewsdeeply。Tounderstandthiskindofheadlinewellweshouldchewthemtwiceorevenmore。
  5。Tenseandvoiceofheadline
  Verbsshowactions。Apieceofnewswillbereinforcedandanimousifaverbisusedproperly。Asforourforeignreaders,althoughitsmerits,itismoredifficulttounderstand。Verbshavetheirowntenses。Soareonesinheadlines。Butheadlinesmustshortandaccurate,sotheverbsinthemhavespecialtenseshowingmethods。Englishheadlinesdonotusepasttensebutpresenttense,thusreadersfeeltheyareinthesituationandthenewsisintime,thiscalledJournalisticPresentTense,thesameasHistoricalPresentTenseinliterature。Aboveall,headlinesoftenusethreekindoftense。
  5。1Useofthesimplepresenttense
  (1)e。g。wegetupatsix
  (Theyusuallydoasthis。)
  (2)e。g。Sheisanurse
  (Presentsituation。)
  Innews,presenttenseisoftenusedtodescribethingshappenedjustnow,thatistosay,itisusedtoinsteadofpasttense。
  Englishlearnersshouldpayattentiontothissituation,donotconsiderpresenttenseinheadlinesastheyusuallyare。
  e。g。ComebackGivesChinaASensationalThomasCapWin
  (TheComebackgaveChinaasensationalThomasCupWin。)
  5。2Useofthesimplefuturetense
  Thesimplefuturetensedescribesthingswillbehappeninthefuture。Theformsoffuturetensearewill(shall)do,begoingtodobetodobeabouttodoandsoon。ButinEnglishheadlinesbetodoforminwhichbeisomittedisusedmost。Soinheadlinestodoformsexpresswriters’predictionoffuturetrends。
  (1)e。g。BandstoGatherForJazzFestival
  (BandsaretogatherforJazzFestival。)
  (2)e。g。LastTwoIraqHostagestoGoFree
  (ThelasttwohostagesinIraqaretoGoFree。)
  5。3Useofthepresentprogressivetense
  PresentProgressiveTenseemphasizescertainthingisdoingatpresenttimeanditsresultisnotknownatnow。Alsobeisusuallyomittedfortheneedofshortness。
  (1)e。g。SinoBritishPartnershipProgressing
  (SinoBritishPartnershipisProgressing)
  (2)e。g。SignsofRiftsAppearinginArgentina’sJunta
  (ThesignsofriftsareappearinginArgentina’sJunta。)
  英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点5。4Useofpassivevoice
  Whenverbsinheadlinesshouldusepassivevoice,thebeinbeparticipleformandtheoperatorfollowedbyareusuallyomitted。Thustheonlyleftpastparticiplecangiveapassivemeaningdirectlyinheadlines,learnersmustnotconfusedpassivevoiceaspasttense。
  (1)e。g。DemolitionRegulationWelcomed
  (Demolitionregulationiswelcomed。)
  (2)e。g。Girlof18RapedafterThreatwithBreadKnife
  (Agirlof18wasrapedaftersheisthreatedwithabreadknife。)
  (3)e。g。12ReportedKilledinaSuicideBomb
  (Itwasreportedthat12personwaskilledinasuicidebomb。)
  Infact,afterlearnersreadmore,theywillfondactivevoiceisusedfarmorethanpassivevoice。Onlywhenobjectisemphasize,passivevoiceisused。〔9〕p80Pleasepayattentiontothis。
  Tenseandvoiceofaheadlinecanbeconcludedinonesentence,presentparticiplecanexpresstheprogressivemeaning,pastparticiplethepassivevoice,infinitiveformthefuturetense。
  (1)e。g。GunSafetyEducationFacingManyHurdles
  (2)e。g。AircraftCarrierNamedAfterPresidentReagan
  (3)e。g。HouseToVoteonErgonomicsRules
  Aswereadtheseheadlineshowcanwedistinguishwhatkindoftenseandvoicethepresentparticiple,infiniteandpastparticipleindicate?Firstly,learnerscandecidebytheirknowledge。Secondlyleadingcanbereadforfurtherunderstanding。
  Itshouldbenotedthatothertenseattimesareusedinorationorquestionheadlines。
  (1)e。g。IWasNotHisMistress
  (2)e。g。WeWon’tQuit
  (3)e。g。TonesPlannedtoKillBush?
  Thesetensesmainlyusedtoemphasizethetime。
  6。OmissioninHeadlines
  Economyandcompressionarethemostimportantfeaturesofheadlines。〔10〕p108Inordertomeettheneedoflargeamountofinformationinmodernsociety,Englishnewspapereditorsatonehandenlargetheirvolume,addingmoreinformation,attheotherhandcuttingthenumberofwordsinonepieceofnewstosaveplacebutcontainmoreinformation。Thatiswhythefunctionwordshavingnorealmeaningsarealltendtobeelectedinheadlines。
  Waysofomissionarevarious:
  6。1Mostofthewordsdeletedarefunctionwords。
  Thedeletedwordsareoftenarticles,linkverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliarywordsandpronouns。〔11〕p341
  (1)e。g。ChinaHappyForMiddleEast
  (Chinahappyforthemiddleeast。)
  (2)e。g。Charles,32SeeksBride
  (PrinceCharles,whois32yearsold,islookingforsomeonetomarry。)
  (3)e。g。Microsoft,EricssonFormingJointVenture
  (MicrosoftandEricssonformingjointventure。)
  (4)e。g。AlaskanOilforJapan?
  (WilltherebealaskanoilforJapan?)
  (5)e。g。IrishGroupKillsexchief
  (TheIrishgroupkillsitsexchief。)
  Whereasnotallofthearticlescanbeomitted。
  (1)e。g。WestPointMakesaComeback
  Makeacomebackisanidiomsoamustberemained。
  (2)e。g。HowAmericaSeestheWorld。
  Infrontofworldtheremustbeathe。
  (3)e。g。KillInTheNameOfGod
  Theshouldbehereforthesakeofdefinitconnection。
  6。2Usepunctuationstosavepages
  (1)e。g。Tailand,MalaysiaInkSeareaty。
  (TailandandMalaysiainkaseatreaty。)
  (2)e。g。WomanKillsHusband,Self
  (Awomankillsherhusbandandherself。)
  6。2。2Useofcolon
  Saidorsaycanbeinsteadbycolonsordoublequotationmarkstogiveameaningthatsomeonesayssomethingorsomeconclusionsaredrawn;
  tobesometimesisreplacedbyacoloninheadlines。
  (1)e。g。Hu:WeShouldSupportThirdWorldCountries
  (Husaysthatweshouldsupportthethirdworldcounties。)
  (2)e。g。Chinesecooks:mastersatturningaturnipintoaflower。
  (Chinesecooksaremastersatturningaturnipintoaflower。)
  6。2。3Useofsinglequotationmarks
  Singlequotationmarksca英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题的特点nquotesomeone’ssaying;orthewordsinsideofthemhaveadeeporothermeanings。Singlequotationmarksareofteninsteadofdoublequotationmarksfortheyareshorter。
  (1)e。g。TeenKillerWasAngryYoungMan。
  (2)e。g。ChinaDemandsU。S。Stop‘Interfering’onHumanRights
  (3)e。g。BushUnveilsA‘CanDo’Budget。
  6。3Tosavepages,abbreviationsandacronymsareused。
  6。3。1。Abbreviations
  Theabbreviationsoftenreadinheadlinesarelikefollows:
  Afr。Africaapp。appendix
  Amt。amountappox。approximately
  6。3。2。AcronymsAcronymscanbepidedintothreetypes:
  ()NamesofagentsororganizationssuchasCPPCC(TheChinesepeople’spoliticalconsultativeconference)andPLO,WTO
  ()NamesofsomethingthatweuseveryoftensuchasAIDS,UFO,PC
  ()Nounsforcareers,positionsorcreditslikePM(primeminister),MP(memberofparliament),GM(generalmanager),PA(personalassistant)。
  6。4Usingnouns,participlesandshortadjectivetoembellishwordstoreplacelongadjectiveorclauses。
  (1)e。g。PoisonGasFearHauntsCity
  (Afearofpoisongasishauntingthepeopleinacertaincity。)
  (2)e。g。3HeldOverCollegeHorrorCrash
  (3peoplearebeingdetainedbythepoliceconcerningahorrifyingcrashatacollege。)
  6。5Useofnumbersbutwithoutofthefollowingnouns。
  (1)e。g。41DieasSchoolCollapses
  (41studentsdieasschoolcollapses)
  (2)e。g。Mullerchargedinfondlingofboy,14
  (Mullerwaschargedinfondlingofaboyof14yearsold。)
  7。Conclusion
  Aboveall,inafastchangingworld,newsmediaisthebestchannelofknowingeveryfieldincludingpolitics,economics,science,culture,andsociety。ToreadEnglishnewsisthebestwaytogetintouchwithmodernEnglishandunderstandingheadlineswellcanhelpreaderscomprehendthewholenewsandthusreadnewsefficiently。Thoughitbenefitsyoualot,tounderstandheadlinesisnotsuchaseasyasABC。Ifyouarereallyeagertoknowwellofheadlines,thehistoryandculturesofEnglishcountries,theworksofEnglishwriters’,theEnglishidiomsandwisdomsthatallthesekindsofknowledgeshouldbemastered。Thisneedsyouworkhardandpersevere。
  Note
  Exceptforthosemarkedinreferences,theotherexamplesareselectedfromEnglishDigest,EnglishSalonandChinaDailyinrecentyears。
  References〔2〕同〔1〕
  〔3〕同〔1〕
  〔4〕王今生。英文的标题语言〔J〕。黑龙江教育学院学报,2002,1
  〔5〕许菊。英语报刊标题的美感功能的表现手法及翻译〔J〕。山东外语教学,1999,4
  〔6〕孙玉芝。谈英语新闻标题的特点〔J〕。辽宁师专学报,2001。1
  〔7〕孙崇英,常天龙。英语报刊标题特色浅析〔J〕。淮阴师专学报,1997,3
  〔8〕林林。英语新闻标题的修辞与翻译〔J〕。辽宁师专学报,2004,1
  〔9〕李万敬,马苏勇。如何读懂英美报刊的标题〔J〕。兵团教育学院学报,2001,1〔11〕王玉龙,吴建清主编。新闻英语〔M〕。北京国防工业出版社,2005,9
  〔12〕同〔6〕
  〔13〕沈志和。英语新闻标题研究〔J〕。柳州师专学报,2003,9P

我国初中教育的目标定位论文初中生由于处在青春期的初期,而且正是身体发育的阶段,这个时期,学生心理容易出现波动,在这个时期,如果学生能受到良好的教育的话,并且也受到良好的德育教育的话,不仅对学生日后高中乃至大七年级数学教学论文数学,是研究数量结构变化空间以及信息等概念的一门学科,从某种角度看属于形式科学的一种。而在人类历史发展和社会生活中,数学也发挥着不可替代的作用,也是学习和研究现代科学技术必不可少的浅谈播音主持人职业素养新要求论文摘要近年来,随着我国广播电视事业的迅猛发展,新媒体自媒体等媒介形态的形成,我国已进入传统媒体与新媒体融合与裂变,信息传播从单一形态向多媒体多平台跨越的发展时期。节目主持人作为广播电智能手机在人体解剖学课程中的实践论文摘要人体解剖学是高职护理专业学生的一门专业基础课,移动学习是依托互联网迅速发展的一种新型的教学模式。本文阐述了基于智能手机的移动学习模式在高职人体解剖学教学环节中的实践,对基于智能多元教学质量保障体系的实践与创新论文关键词高等教育多元教学质量保障体系评价实践摘要多元教学质量保障体系以目标组织运行评价反馈五大子系统为核心,在高校教学活动稳健运行的过程中不断创新和发展,体现出保障体系的科学性主体的关于兴趣是学好汉语拼音的金钥匙论文刚刚走入校园的一年级小学生,看到这些形体相似的汉语拼音符号会感到很抽象很枯燥。因此,在开始学习汉语拼音时,老师要让孩子了解学习汉语拼音的重要性,知道汉语拼音的作用很大。告诉孩子汉语课程设计情景教学论文范文1课程定位该课程主要是服务专业学习,培养学生的职业能力,提高学生的综合素质,提升学生的人文素养。2课程目标总体目标(1)提高学生的英语听说读写译水平,为专业英语的学习打下良好的基础电大行政管理毕业论文范文随着人们法治观念的不断增强,行政管理在企业管理中的地位和作用越来越突显,下面是小编整理的电大行政管理毕业论文范文,欢迎阅读参考!第一篇高校行政管理创新研究一高校行政管理现状与存在问电大行政管理论文范文在电大的个人需要写好行政管理的论文,那么论文的内容应该怎么写呢?下面是小编分享给大家的电大行政管理论文范文,欢迎阅读。摘要本文主要基于行政管理体制改革和政府管理创新展开论述,其中着有关国际贸易专业论文范文摘要银行保函业务的应用己经深入人心,保函的口常操作和处理也多以计算机为基础设施,围绕互联网展开。所以,在口常处理银行保函时,一定要认真细致,一旦保函的时间金额有效期索赔条件生成,透科研单位绩效管理办法研究论文摘要绩效是衡量科研单位工作结果的尺度,绩效管理是对绩效进行合理的期望准确的测量规范的评价和科学的激励。本文就科研单位人力资源管理中的绩效管理工作进行分析,针对存在问题的原因进行探讨
浅析基于LabVIEW与Access的虚拟实验教学系统1虚拟实验教学系统总体框架虚拟实验教学系统的研发采用模块化设计思想,根据系统的功能实现划分为登录模块和实验模块。系统应用教育电子身份号(e2ID)实现系统用户的实名制。e2ID是教浅析基于Mashup的煤炭销售业务管理系统设计与开发在我国煤炭工业迅猛发展的情势下,信息化在煤炭行业发展改革中起着愈来愈重要的作用。据调查,我国大多数煤炭企业积极投身信息化建设,将信息技术应用到煤炭生产管理等各个环节中,建设并不断优浅析医院信息管理系统维护的必要性与措施1医院信息管理系统维护的必要性分析信息化管理的作用也逐渐显现出来,医院信息管理系统发展已接近成熟,这也使得医院信息管理系统维护显得越来越重要。医院信息管理系统是医院现代化发展的重要浅析电力用户用电信息采集系统及应用1电力用户用电信息采集系统的意义我国电网公司在采集用户用电信息时准备工作做得不够,不能掌握全部电力用户的用电信息,而用电信息采集系统能够在相应基础上完善我国电网企业系统中存在的不足研究分析计算机通讯网络的故障处理和日常维护1计算机通讯网络常见故障及以及处理办法1。1软件常见故障及处理办法软件故障又成为逻辑故障。这主要是由计算机内部的软件安装不当引起的,windows系统的设计有一些缺陷。因此有的时候建立在计算机软件工程基础之上的数据库编程技术1计算机软件工程中的数据库建立开展计算机软件工程建设过程中,首先要针对数据库系统进行完善,设计构建基础的框架,计算机软件通常是在网络环境下运行使用的,因此在建设期间,也要考虑是否存集中供热系统全网平衡软件工程的应用摘要结合工程实例,探讨了全网平衡软件在供热制控系统中的应用技术,通过对比供热系统手动运行以及供热全网平衡运行的功率与能耗,验证了全网平衡软件在供热系统中应用的可行性及经济性。关键词计算机系统分析员论文企业人事信息系统的应用计算机系统分析员论文企业人事信息系统的应用计算机系统分析员论文企业人事信息系统的应用计算机系统分析员论文企业人事信息系统的应用摘要本文讨论企业人事信息系统项目的需求分析方法与工具的试论信息社会学试论信息社会学试论信息社会学试论信息社会学试论信息社会学英文标题OnInformationSociology作者邹志仁作者简介邹志仁,男,1937年生,南京大学物理系毕业。南京大学windowsnt环境下fddi网卡驱动程序设计2windowsnt环境下fddi网卡驱动程序设计2windowsnt环境下fddi网卡驱动程序设计2windowsnt环境下fddi网卡驱动程序设计2总体结构介绍第一节window项目化教学在高职计算机应用基础课教学中的应用1项目化教学模式的基础工作1。1项目化教学的内涵项目化教学是指对课本的课程和项目进行整合,真正的让学生学到的知识转化为专业的知识来增强他们的实践能力。同时,他是一种教师以学生为主体
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