论琵琶在乐队中的表现色彩

　　毕业论文
　　摘   要
　　琵琶已有2000多年的历史，在北周时期就把琵琶引入到了中原来编制乐队，汉代色彩简单而又纯朴，隋唐时期色彩繁华富丽，在乐队的形式中也出现了大小之分，有独奏、伴奏、合奏等多种演奏形式。从敦煌壁画飞天的琵琶乐伎传世的绘画名作为我们提供了唐代演奏曲项琵琶右手握拨，横抱怀中的生动形象。
　　北宋时期市井色彩的伴奏乐队成为了大众娱乐形式。明嘉清年间的江南色彩在琵琶弹唱艺术中得以体现，常常以领衔地位在伴奏乐队中以其独特的技法填补和丰富歌词内容，并且深受群众的喜爱。
　　在漫长的发展过程中，近现代的琵琶已是我国民族乐队中的主要演奏乐器，也广泛用于歌唱、曲艺、戏曲的伴奏。在改革后更为突出，往往给人以别致、新颖、轻松、愉快之感。
　　现代乐队中琵琶的音乐形象丰满鲜明，运用现代配器手段和流行话的感人旋律使作品具备了戏剧性地冲击力，它都可以作到表现力细致多样，音乐色彩纷呈。在地方乐种中，对于不同地域，不同风格的作品在技法、音响、表现形式等方面带有许多功能性定向色彩。
　　在与其它乐器结合起来的混合音色也很相宜，因此在中西乐队表现也比较突出，占有1定的地位。而在当今流行音乐中的琵琶仍在试探中逐渐找到了自己在乐队中的定位。
　　关键词：琵琶；乐队；表现色彩；琵琶系乐种
　　ABSTRACT
　　The pipa had more than 2000 years history, on introduced in the Northern Zhou Dynasty time the pipa the area south of Yellow River to establish the orchestra, the Han Dynasty color simple and also is simple, Sui and Tang dynasties time color lively splendid, also appeared in orchestras form pision of the size, had the solo, the accompaniment, the instrumental ensemble and so on many kinds of performance form. The drawing celebrated work is handed down for generations which from the Dunhuang fresco flying apsaras pipa happy skill provided the Tang Dynasty for us to develop plays a tune the item of pipa right hand to grasp dials, in horizontal thoughts vivid image. Northern Song Dynasty time marketplace color accompaniment orchestra has become the populace entertainment form. Ming Jiaqing the year Chiangnan color plays an instrument and sings in art in the pipa to be able to manifest, frequently by leading signer status in accompaniment orchestra by its unique technique fill and rich lyrics content, and deeply populaces affection. In the long developing process, the near modern pipa already was in our country nationality orchestras main performance musical instrument, also widely used in singing, the acrobatics, the drama accompaniment. Is more prominent after the reform, often gives the human by uniquely, novel, relaxed, the happy feeling. In modern orchestra pipa musical image plentiful bright, and flowed the shoptalk using the modern adapter method the touching melody to cause the work to have theatrically the impulse, it all might do the expressive force carefully perse, music color numerous. In place Le Zhong, regarding the different region, the different style work in aspects and so on technique, sound, manifestation has many functionality directional colors. In the mix timbre which unifies with other musical instruments very is also suitable, therefore displays in China and the West orchestra quite is also prominent, holds certain status. But in now in the pop music the pipa still gradually to find own in the probe in orchestras localization.
　　Key words: Pipa; orchestra; performance color; musical instrument classification