论傲慢与偏见婚姻价值取向

　　〔摘要〕简奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》写于1813年，一直以来很受欢迎，并被广泛阅读。特定的历史时代决定了那个时候的人们对金钱特别看重，影响波及婚姻观念。在这篇文章里面，书中大部分人物的婚姻选择都用来作为典型，证实金钱体现他们的婚姻价值取向。
　　〔关键词〕傲慢与偏见，金钱，婚姻价值取向，婚姻观
　　〔Abstract〕PrideandprejudiceisaverypopularnovelwrittenbyJaneAustenanditisreadwidelyallovertheworld。Itwaswrittenin1813。Thatspecifichistorytimedecidedthatpeopleatthattimetookmoneymuchmoreseriously，evenontheirmarriage。Inthispaper，themarriagecasesofmostcharactersinthebookweretakenastypicaltoanalyzehowmoneyinfluencedtheirmatrimonialvalueorientation。
　　〔Keywords〕Prideandprejudice，money，matrimonialvalueorientation，marriage
　　Introduction
　　SocialBackground
　　ThestoryofPrideandPrejudicetookplaceinthetimeoftheRegencyinBritain。Atthattime，BritainwasattheperiodoftransitionfromtheearlierstageofCapitalismtoCapitalistIndustrialization。Inthecountryside，thearistocraticfamilystillheldgreatpowerandrightthatcountrysquireswerelikelytofawnuponthem。However，asthedevelopmentofCapitalismandtheexpandoftherankofrichpeople，thedistinctionbetweensocialstratawasbecomingsmallerandsmaller，whilemoneywasgettingmoreandmoreimportantinpeople’smindaboutsocialvalue。AwesternliteraturecriticoncesaidthatevenDavidRicardo（aBritisheconomist）hadaunlikelyclearerunderstandingaboutthefunctionofmoneyindailylifeasJaneAustenhad。（3）Itisexactlybecauseofthesecurepledgeinfinancethatthecountrysquiresocietycouldbeexistingstronglyandsolidly。
　　Thefirstsentenceofthewholenovelproclaims，Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged，thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife。（4）Here，agoodfortuneandinwantofaretwokeyphrases。inwantofmeansitisneededobjectively，butnotsubjectively。Suchkindofwordingmakesthepropositionhavemoreobjectivityoftruth。InPrideandPrejudice，theBennetsaretakenasthetypicaltotestthetruthuniversallyacknowledged。
　　Mr。andMrs。Bennethavefivedaughters，livingatLongbourn。Mr。Bennet’spropertyconsistsalmostentirelyinanestateoftwothousandpoundsayear，which，unfortunatelyforhisdaughters，isentailed，indefaultofheirsmale，onadistantrelation。Thatmeanstherewillbenootherguaranteefortheirdaughters’futurelives，buttheirperspectivemarriages。Therefore，itisnowonderthatMrs。BennettakesMr。Bingleyastherightfulproperty（5）fortheirdaughterswhenshehearsaboutthathehasonehundredthousandpoundsproperty，thoughshehasnotevenseenhimAsinglemanoflargefortune；fourorfivethousandayear。Whatafinethingforourgirls！（6）Thatisthebeginningofthenovel。Theimplicitmarriagementionedhereobviouslyconcernsnofeelingbutonlyfinancialconditionandsubsistence。Tothosehusbandhuntingladies，Mr。Bingleyisanabstractsignal。Themostimportantthingisthathehasagoodfortune。Sowecansay，tooppositewiththeproclamationatthebeginning，socalledasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawifeisnotatallatruthuniversallyacknowledged，butonlyMrs。Bennet’sownwishfulthinking。Wecanalsosaythat，asZhuHongpointedout，inPrideandprejudice，therealtruthuniversallyacknowledgedisawomanwithoutpropertymustbeinwantofahusbandwithagoodfortune。（7）
　　WefirstseeMr。Darcyattheball，Hesoondrewtheattentionoftheroombyhisfine，tallperson，handsomefeatures，noblemien，andthereportwhichwasingeneralcirculationwithinfiveminutesafterhisentrance，ofhishavingtenthousandayear。（8）
　　NextistheintroductionaboutMr。Bingleyandhistwosisters。
　　Theywereinfactveryfineladies；notdeficientingoodhumorwhentheypleased，norinpowerofbeingagreeablewhentheychoseit，butproudandconceited。Theywereveryhandsome，hadbeeneducatedinoneofthefirstprivateseminariesintown，hadafortuneoftwentythousandpounds，wereinthehabitofspendingmorethantheyought，andofassociatingwithpeopleofrank，andwerethereforeineveryrespectentitledtothinkwellofthemselves，andmeanlyofothers。TheywereofarespectablefamilythenorthofEngland；acircumstancesmoredeeplyimpressedontheirmemoriesthanthattheirbrother’sfortuneandtheirownhadbeenacquiredbytrade。
　　Mr。Bingleyinheritedpropertytotheamountofnearlyanhundredthousandpoundsfromhisfather，whohadintendedtopurchaseanestate，butdidnotlivetoit。Mr。Bingleyintendeditlikewise，andsometimesmadechoiceofhiscounty；butashewasnowprovidedwithagoodhouseandthelibertyofamanor，itwasdoubtfultomanyofthosewhobestknewtheeasinessofhistemper，whetherhemightnotspendtheremainderofhisdaysatNetherfield，andleavethenextgenerationtopurchase。（9）
　　ThenarrationabovedescribestheBritishcountrysquires’lifepicturefromoneaspect。Theyhaveenoughmoneyforloafing，andtheseloaferscanaffordbigorsmallresidencewithservantsfororderingabout。Theytakefamilybackgroundseriously，whichisthemostimportantfactortoearnothers’respect，onthebasisoffortuneandgoodbreeding。Atthesametime，theywillnottracetoitssources。Inshort，theredoesexiststricthierarchy，whichisclassifiedaccordingtothefamilyandtraditionfromthesurface，butthefinancialincomeactually。Thosewhohavethehighestincomewillbeinthehighestsocialposition，owninglargeresidenceandparks，havingthenicestfurnitureandthemostpreciouspaintings，andthebeststreamsforfishing。Themoneyearnedbytradingisdespised，butitwillbesoonforgottenaftergenerations。However，toavoidbeinglookeddownupon，thegenerationatpresentwillalwaysemploysuchkindofclevermethod：givingupbusinessdealingorprofessionandgoingtocountrysidetosettledownthennobodywillknowtheirpast。
　　FromaneighboroftheBennets，wecangettoknowhowsuchsocialprocessbegins：
　　SirWilliamLucashadbeenformerlyintradeinMeryton，wherehehadmadeatolerablefortune，andrisentothehonorofknighthoodbyanaddresstotheking，duringhismayoralty。Thedistinctionhadperhapsbeenfelttoostrongly。Ithadgivenhimadisgusttohisbusiness，andtohisresidenceinasmallmarkettown；and，quittingthemboth，hehadremovedwithhisfamilytoahouseaboutamilefromMeryton，denominatedfromtheperiodLucasLodge，wherehecouldthinkwithpleasureofhisownimportance，andunshackledbybusiness，occupyhimselfsolelyinbeingciviltoalltheworld。（10）
　　Thenwhatattitudedoestheserichcountrysquiresholdtothelowclasspeoplesurroundingthem？Let’slookatanotherparagraphofdescriptionaboutLadyCatherinedeBourgh：
　　Elizabethsoonperceived，thatthoughthisgreatladywasnotinthecommissionofthepeaceforthecounty，shewasamostactivemagistrateinherownparish，theminutestconcernsofwhichwerecarriedtoherbyMr。Collins；andwheneveranyofthecottagersweredisposedtobequarrelsome，discontented，ortoopoor，shesalliedforthintothevillagetosettletheirdifferences，silencetheircomplaints，andscoldthemintoharmonyandplenty。（11）
　　LadyCatherinedeBourghisamodelofherrank，arrogantandconceited。Hermannerstotheinferiorsaredictatorialandinsolent。Shehasthereputationofbeingremarkablysensibleandclever。Butallthis，togetherwithherabilityofadministratingthecounty，derivesfromherrankandfortune。Thatistosay，goodfameandexceedingpowerwouldcertainlycometoapersonaslongasheshehasmoneyandisinhighsocialposition。
　　Thegreatimpactofmoneyonmarriage
　　InPrideandPrejudice，wecanalwaysseecountrysquires’leisurelylifewithcalls，walks，picnics，conversations，parties，ballsandmarriages。Butseeingthroughthesurface，thereisaworldofstrugglingforexistencedeterminedbyeconomicbase。Thewholebookisfilledwithdigit。Mr。Bennet’spropertyconsistsalmostentirelyinanestateoftwothousandpoundsayear。Mrs。Bennet’sfather。。。leavesherfourthousandpounds。Eachoftheirfivedaughterscangetonethousandpoundsinthe4percentsaftertheirmotherdies。Mr。Bingleyinheritspropertytotheamountofnearlyanhundredthousandspoundsfromhisfatherandhehasfourorfivethousandayear。MissBingleyhasafortuneoftwentythousandpounds。Mr。Darcyhastenthousandpoundsayearwhilehissister，Georgianahasapropertyofthirtythousandpounds。WickhamwantstogettenthousandfromDarcy，otherwisehewillnotmarryLydiaeventhoughtheyareinelopement。ColonelFitzwilliam，Darcy’scousin，wouldliketomarryawomanwhoshouldhaveapropertyofatleastfiftythousandpounds，sincehehasnoinheritanceasayoungersonofanearl。Mr。Collinsclaimsthathemustmakesuchanagreementfortithesasmaybebeneficialtohimselfandnotoffensivetohispatron。EventhechimneypieceinoneofLadyCatherine’sdrawingroomscostseighthundredpounds。Ofcourse，theveryonethingthatcannotbeforgottentomentionisthattheestateentailofMr。Bennet，whichmakesMrs。Bennetbeextremeobsession。AnditistheexactthingthatdecidesthefateoftheirfivedaughtersandthenthestoryofPrideandprejudiceoccurs。Uponthewhole，nomarriagethatinvolvesnomoney。
　　Exceptthedetaileddigitofmoney，thereisanotherfactorwhichhasagreatinfluenceonmarriage。Thatissocialpositiondeterminedbyeconomiccondition。Inthestory，theBennetshavesomelowconnections。Theyhaveoneuncle，Mr。Phillips，beinganattorneyinMeryton，andanotherone，Mr。Gardiner，settlinginLondoninarespectablelineoftrade。Asforthis，MissBingleyalwaysmakesfunoftheBennets，andMr。Darcyoncesaysfranklythatitmustverymateriallylessentheirchanceofmarryingmenofanyconsiderationintheworld。（12）
　　Tomakeitclearthatmoneyisveryimportantinthemarriageconventionofsuchkindofsociety，Mr。Collins’wordsafterElizabethrefusinghisproposalcanbetakenasproof。
　　Itdoesnotappeartomethatmyhandisunworthyyouracceptance，orthatestablishmentIcanofferwouldbeanyotherthanhighlydesirable。Mysituationinlife，myconnectionswiththefamilyofdeBourgh，andmyrelationshiptoyourown，arecircumstanceshighlyinmyfavor；andyoushouldtakeitintofurtherconsideration，thatinspiteofyourmanifoldattractions，itisbynomeanscertainthatanotheroffertomarriagemayeverbemadeyou，yourportionisunhappilysosmall，thatitwillinalllikelihoodundotheeffectsofyourlovelinessandamiablequalifications。（13）
　　Mr。Collinsisnotasensibleman，andthedeficiencyofNaturehasbeenbutlittleassistedbyeducationorsociety。Thesubjectioninwhichhisfatherbroughthimuphasgivenhimoriginallygreathumilityofmanner；butitisagreatdealcounteractedbytheselfconceitofaweakhead，livinginretirement，andtheconsequentfeelingsofearlyandunexpectedprosperity。TherespectwhichhefeelsforLadyCatherine’shighrank，andhisvenerationforherashispatroness，minglingwithaverygoodopinionofhimself，ofhisauthorityasaclergyman，andhisrightasarector，makeshimaltogetheramixtureofprideandobsequiousness，selfimportanceandhumility。HisintentionofchoosingElizabethashiswifeishisplanofamendsofatonementforinheritingtheirfather’sestate；andhethinksitanexcellentone，fullofeligibilityandsuitableness，andexcessivelygenerousanddisinterestedonhisownpart。SohetakesitforgrantedthatElizabethwillaccepthisproposalcheerfullyandreadily。ThoughElizabethrejectshimforhisincompletecharacter，itstillcantellusthelowsocialstatusoftheBritishwomenatthatperiodoftime。Theonlythingayoungladywithoutpropertycoulddoistomarryingamanwithagoodfortune。
　　TakethemarriagecaseofLucasCollinsforanotherexample。MissLucasisElizabeth’sclosestfriend。Sheisasensible，intelligentyoungwoman，knowingitveryclearlythatMr。Collins，tobesure，wasneithersensiblenoragreeable；hissocietywasirksome，andhisattachmenttohermustbeimaginary。Butstillhewouldbeherhusband。Withoutthinkinghighlyeitherofmenorofmatrimony，marriagehadalwaysbeenherobject；itwastheonlyhonorableprovisionforwelleducatedyoungwomenofsmallfortune，andhoweveruncertainofgivinghappiness，mustbetheirpleasantestpreservativefromwant。（14）
　　SuchhumorousandpiercingdescriptionportraysthementalityofLucaslikewomendeeplyandalsotheirfatethatthereisnootherwaythatcanimprovetheirownpositioninfinanceandsocietyexceptmarryingahusbandwithagoodfortune。ElizabethgoestoParsonagetovisitthembytheinvitationofMissLucasaftertheygettingmarried，andfinds：
　　Herhomeandherhousekeeping，herparishandherpoultry，andalltheirdependentconcerns，hadnotyetlosttheircharms。（15）WhenMr。Collinscouldbeforgotten，therewasreallyagreatairofcomfortthroughout（16）
　　Itisinterestingthat，insuchmarriagebasedonsoleandnakedmoneytransaction，thewomanwithoutpropertydoesmarryasinglemanwithagoodfortune，butthehusbandhimselfhasnothingtodowiththeenjoymentthemarriagebringingtoher。Isnotitanexcellentironytothepropositionatthebeginningofthenovelthetruthuniversallyacknowledged？
　　WickhamLydiaScandalcanbetakenasanotherinstancetoillustratethatmoneyisofoverwhelmingimportanceinmarriage。Wickhamisveryhandsomeandcharmingfromhisappearance，butactuallydemoralizes。Heisextravagantandalwaysgreatlyindebtsofhonor。Lydia，farmoredifferentfromhertwoeldersisters，isvain，ignorant，idleandabsolutelyuncontrolled。Moreover，sheindulgesherselfinflirtationwithofficers。TheyelopefromBrightonwithoutanyengagementandarefoundoutinLondonfinally。Thoughundersuchcircumstances，WickhamhasnointentionatalltomarryLydia，butforDarcy’shelpinsecret：
　　Mr。Darcyaskedhimwhyhehadnotmarriedyoursisteratonce？ThoughMr。Bennetwasnotimaginedtobeveryrich，hewouldhavebeenabletodosomethingforhim，andhissituationmusthavebeenbenefitedbymarriage。Buthefound，inreplytothisquestion，thatWickhamstillcherishthehopeofmoreeffectuallymakinghisfortunebymarriageinsomeothercounty。Undersuchcircumstances，however，hewasnotlikelytobeproofagainstthetemptationofimmediaterelief。
　　Theymetseveraltimes，fortherewasmuchtobediscussed。Wickham，ofcourse，wantedmorethanhecouldget，butatlengthwasreducedtobereasonable。（17）
　　Wickham’smarryingLydiafinallycalmsdownthedissatisfactioninthesociety，andforthat，Mrs。Bennetisingreatjoy。
　　Inmarriage，moneyisconsideredasthefactorofextremeimportance，notonlytodaughters，butalsotoyoungersons。Let’shaveacloselookattheconversationbetweentherespectableColonelFitzwilliamandElizabeth：
　　Now，seriously，whathaveyoueverknownofselfdenialanddependence？Whenhaveyoubeenpreventedbywantofmoneyfromgoingwhereveryouchose，orprocuringanythingyouhadafancyfor？
　　ThesearehomequestionsandperhapsIcannotsaythatIhaveexperiencedmanyhardshipsofthatnature。Butinmattersofgreaterweight，Imaysufferfromthewantofmoney。Youngersonscannotmarrywheretheylike。
　　Unlesswheretheylikewomenoffortune，whichIthinktheyveryoftendo。
　　Ourhabitsofexpensemakeustoodependent，andtherearenotmanyinmyrankoflifewhocanaffordtomarrywithoutsomeattentiontomoney。（18）
　　Nowlet’sturntotheprotagonistofthenovel，ElizabethBennets。Sheisintelligent，vivacious，humorous，perceptiveandquickwitted，andshehasastrongsenseofpersonalityanddignity。Shedespiseshermother’sdreadfulmentalityandunbearablyvulgarandalsoheryoungersisters’flirtatiousnessanddissoluteness，butisneverashamedofheramiableuncleandaunt，Mr。andMrs。Gardinerjustbecauseoftheirprofessionasmerchants。ShefirmlyrefusesMr。Collins’proposal，againsthermother’sexpectation，becauseshedoesnotandwillneverlovehim，anddeclinesMr。Darcyresolutely，forhisexpressinghislovetoherarrogantlyandimpertinently。ShedoesnotknuckleunderthesnobbishMissBingley，andisneitheroverbearingnorcringingtoMrs。deBourghandherdomineeringness。WhenthelattershowsherintentiontointerveneherfreedomofmarryingDarcyornot，shetakesondiamondcutdiamondandnevercompromised。ShefinallymarriesDarcyandhermarriageisconsideredasanidealone，foritconsistsofmoneyandlove。LeavingasidehertrueloveforDarcy，then，whatroledoesmoneyplayinherprocessofchasingaftermarriage？
　　SheonceholdsgoodfeelingsonWickham，consideringhimtobethemostagreeablemanshehasevermet。Butmeanwhile，shethinksitistooimprudenttofallinlovewithhim。Sheoncesaystoheraunt，Mrs。Gardiner，
　　Iwilltakecareofmyself，andofMr。Wickhamtoo。Heshallnotbeinlovewithme，ifIcanpreventit。（19）
　　SowhenWickhamgetsengagedwithMissKingforhertenthousandpoundproperty，shedoesnotfeelalittlebitsadbutfree。Hertwoyoungersisters，KittyandLydiaareresentfulabouthim，butshethinksTheyareyounginthewaysoftheworld，andnotyetopentothemortifyingconvictionthathandsomeyoungmenmusthavesomethingtoliveonaswellastheplain。（20）
　　WhenMrs。GardinerexpressesherideaaboutWickham’sdesertionlater，Elizabethsays，
　　Pray，mydearaunt，whatisthedifferenceinmatrimonialaffairs，betweenthemercenaryandtheprudentmotive？Wheredoesdiscretionend，andavaricebegin？（21）
　　Here，AustenbringsupacomplicatedproblemfordiscussionthroughElizabethHowshallwequantifytheratiobetweenmoneyandloveinamarriage？ElizabethcouldnotacceptCollinsbecausetherecouldbenopossibilityoflovebetweenthem，norWickhamsincehehasnoproperty。（ThoughWickhamisshortofnotonlymoneybutalsomoral，shedoesnotknowituntilthelatterpartofthestory。）Darcy’sprideandherprejudiceagainsthimmakesherrefusehisfirstofferofmarriage，butlateron，shefeelsregretfulforherownbiasandrashness。Thereisafaintpityinherpainfulselfcondemnandcomplexfeelings。WhensheseesDarcy’sPemberleyPark，herfeelingchanges，
　　Shehadneverseenaplaceforwhichnaturehaddonemore，orwherenaturalbeautyhadbeensolittlecounteractedbyanawkwardtaste。Andatthatmoment，ShefeltthattobemistressofPemberleymightbesomething！（22）
　　Apparentlythereissortofpleasantsensationaboutsubstancebasedonmoneysubconsciously。However，suchkindofpursuitseemstobenaturalandreasonableaccompanyingwithhereleganttemperament。ElizabethrejectsaprideDarcy，butacceptsaperfectgoingDarcy。AftersheconfessesherloveforDarcyandtheirengagementtohereldersister，JaneasksherhowlongshehaslovedMr。Darcyandsheanswers，ImustdateitfrommyfirstseeinghisbeautifulgroundsatPemberley。（23）Thoughsheisjoking，wecanseepartofherfeelingofpursuingmoney。
　　InPrideandPrejudice，therearealsosomedescriptionaboutotherpeople’sdifferentopiniononmoneyandmarriage。Forinstance，LadyCatherinewantsherdaughterAnnetomarryhernephew，Mr。Darcy，tomakeaunionofthetwoestates，andshebelievesitisDarcy’sdutyandresponsibility。MissBingley，whohasafortuneoftwentythousandpoundsandisinthehabitofspendingmorethansheought，andofassociatingwithpeopleofrank，showshergreatinteresttoMr。Darcy，whohastenthousandayear。ShealsosparesnoefforttopreventtheloveaffairbetweenMr。Bingley，herbrotherandJaneBennet，Elizabeth’seldersister，andhopesthatherbrothercanmarryGeorgiana，Darcy’ssister。Onlythiscanenhancehisfortuneandsocialposition，andalsothepossibilityofherherselfmarryingMr。Darcy。ColonelFitzwilliam，Darcy’scousin，isayoungersonofanearl，caninheritneitherpropertynorofficialtitle。HeacknowledgestoElizabeththathishabitofexpensemakeshimtoodependentandhecannotaffordtomarrywithoutsomeattentiontomoney。HealsosaysthatonlyDarcycanbeoutoftherestraintofmoneytochoosefreelyonmarriage。
　　FromthepartofMr。Darcy，thoughheneednotmarryaladywithpropertysinceheisingreatwealth，hedoesexperiencelongtimeandfiercestruggleintheprocessofacceptanceofElizabethforhersocialpositionandlowconnections。
　　Hereallybelieved，thatwereitnotfortheinferiorityofher（Elizabeth）connections，heshouldbeinsomedanger。（24）
　　HebegantofeelthedangerofpayingElizabethtoomuchattention。（25）
　　SheattractedhimmorethanhelikedHewiselyresolvedtobeparticularlycarefulthatnosignofadmirationshouldnowescapehim，nothingthatcouldelevateherwiththehopeofinfluencinghisfelicity；thoughtheywereatonetimeleftbythemselvesforhalfanhour，headheremostconscientiouslytohisbook，andwouldnotevenlookather。（26）
　　Mr。Darcygrowsupinastrongawarenessofrankandpowerfromhisverychildhood，whichmakeshimprideandconceited。WhenhecomestoLongbourn，thepersonsthereandthemannerstheytakearefardifferentfromwhatheisfamiliarwith。Thoughtherearesomanypleasantgirls，thereisnotanotherwomanintheroomwhomitwouldnotbeapunishmenttometostandupwith。（27）EvenwhenheproposestoElizabethforhisdeeplove（InvainhaveIstruggled。Itwillnotdo。Myfeelingwillnotberepressed。YoumustallowmetotellyouhowardentlyIadmireandloveyou。（28）），hissenseofherinferiorityofitsbeingadegradationofthefamilyobstacleswhichjudgmenthasalwaysopposedtoinclination，aredweltonwithawarmthwhichseemsduetotheconsequenceheiswounding。
　　IwasinmiddlebeforeIknewIhadbegun。（29）Obviously，heoncetriestotakebackhisfeelingwhenhefindsheisinlovewithElizabethandhasastrongconflictbetweensenseandsensibilityinhisheart。
　　SuchsensehasadirectresponsibilityforhisputtingobstaclesintheunevenmarriageofBingleyandJane。
　　he（Darcy）congratulatedhimselfonhavinglatelysavedafriendfromtheinconveniencesofamostimprudentmarriagebecausethereweresomeverystrongobjectionsagainstthelady（30）andthesestrongobjectionsare，herhavingoneunclewhowasacountryattorney，andanotherwhowasinbusinessinLondon。（31）Nowitcomestothepoint。ThelowconnectionswithsmallfortuneandbadmannersistherealcausethatmakesDarcydepresshisownloveforElizabethandthwarttheprospectivemarriagebetweenBingleyandJane。
　　ItseemsthatonlythemarriagecaseofBingleyJaneinvolvesthepurestlovebutnomoneyatall。Then，whyisnotBingleypennilessbutayoungmanoflargefortune？
　　InPrideandprejudice，Austenputmarriageintoallkindsofsocialandeconomicrelationshipfrombeginningtoend，whichmakesthewholenovelhavegreatpracticalsignificance。
　　Conclusion
　　TherearealotofnovelstalkingaboutmarriageinBritain，butscarecelyanauthorcouldbelikeAusten，exposingthemoneyessenceofcapitalismmarriagesystemsodeeply。Inbrief，itismoneythatdetermineseverybody’slifeandfate，especiallymarriage。Asforit’spragmaticmeaning，itcouldbeforcefulandpenetrating。NowonderthatDavidDax，awesternMarxismcriticsaid，intheaspectofexposingtheeconomicsofhumanbeings’behavior，JaneAusten，tosomeextent，hadbeenaMarxistbeforeMarx’sbeingborn。（32）
　　Notes
　　（1）潘维新《奥斯丁作品中的妇女群像》西南师范大学学报，1989年4月，P89，91
　　（2）TannerTonyJaneAustenP20
　　（3）朱虹（编）《奥斯丁研究》P178
　　（7）朱虹（编）《英国小说的黄金时代》P16
　　（32）WattIan（Editor）JaneAusten：ACollectionofCriticalEssaysP11
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