像鲁滨逊一样在逆境中创造精彩

　　Abstract：RobinsonCrusoeisalegendarypersoncreatedbyDanielDefoe。Hesurvivedonalonelyislandfortwentyeightyearswithhisamazingwillpower。Andfinallyheovercametheadversityandcreatedthesplendorofhisownlife。Whenhewasconfrontingadversity，heknewtoloseisanotherwaytogain，andhemadeplansforhisfuturelife。Hedideverythingaccordingtocertainplans。Andhenevergaveup。Nowadays，peopleliveinabettersociety。NobodywouldhavetheexperienceslikeRobinson’s，butpeoplemaycomeacrosssomedifficultyoradversity。Whentheyareconfrontingtheadversity，theyshouldadjusttheirattitudes，makeplansforthefutureactively，begoodatbringingforthnewideasinadversity，andnevergiveupthehopetogetoutofit，struggleagainstitindomitablylikeRobinsonCrusoe。Eventuallytheywillgetoutoftheadversity，andcreatethesplendoroftheirownlives。
　　KeyWords：adversity；hope；innovation；perseverance；splendor
　　摘要：鲁滨逊是笛福创造出来的一个传奇人物，他以自己顽强的毅力和坚强的意志在孤岛上生活了二十八年之久，并且最终战胜了艰苦的环境，创造出了人生中的精彩。鲁滨逊在面对逆境的时候，懂得失去也是一种获得，不断地为将来做打算，凡事都有计划，有安排，并且从没有放弃过获救的希望。现代社会的人们生活在物质优越的环境下，也许不会有像鲁滨逊一样的经历，但生活中总会遇到一定的坎坷或逆境，面对逆境人们应该像鲁滨逊一样调整好心态，积极地为将来做打算，有计划地安排生活，并且善于在逆境中发现、创造，永不放弃走出逆境的希望，顽强地与逆境作斗争，从而创造出自己人生的精彩。
　　关键词：逆境；希望；创新；坚持；精彩
　　Introduction
　　ItiswellknownthatRobinsonCrusoeisagreatcharacterbyDanielDefoe。ThoughRobinsonisafictitiousgreatperson，hetellspeoplethetruththatweshouldconfronttheadversityproperly。
　　RobinsonCrusoe’slifeisfulloflegends。HewasborninagoodfamilyinthecityofYork。Owingtohisramblingthoughtsaboutgoingtothesea，hebrokeloosetobeasailoragainsthisparents’will。Unfortunately，hewascaughtbytheMorningandbecameaslaveattheAfricanshore。Becauseoftheunbearablelife，heescapedfromhisPatroninaboat。Thenhewassavedbyafreighter。AndhewassenttoBrazilssafely。Hebecamerichbyplantation。ButwhensomeonesuggestedgoingtotheseatobuyandsellNegroes，hesurrenderedhimselftohisdreamagain。ThenhesteppedonhiswaytonavigationtoAfrica。Onthewaythere，theywerecaughtinaviolentstorm，whichbroughtdeathtoeveryoneexceptRobinson。Hewasdrivenbythecurrentanddriftedtoanislandandwassaved。Sincethenhebeganhislifeontheisland。
　　Robinson’slifeontheislandisthemostwonderfulpartofthewholestory。Robinson’stwentyeightyearslifeontheislandisacclaimedastheacmeofperfection。Confrontingsuchanadversity，Robinsonshowedhisamazingwillpowerandstaunchlifeforce。Healsoshowedpeoplehowtodealwithadversityinlife。Undersuchanadversecircumstance，heovercamevariousdifficultiesandcreatedsplendorofhislife。
　　Nowadays，peoplewillnothaveRobinson’sexperiences。Butpeoplewillrunintovariousadversities。Howwillpeopleconfrontadversity？Inreallife，nobody’slifeisplainsailing。Therewillalwaysbesomebumporadversity。Whenpeoplearethrownintosuchsurroundings，theyarealwaysfullofremorse，notknowingwhattodo。LearningfromRobinson’sexperiences，peopleshouldlearnhismethodsandattitudestowardsadversity，confrontadversityproperlyandcreatesplendoroftheirownlives
　　。
　　I。Robinson’sAttitudestowardstheAdversityReflectedfromHisTwentyeightYears’LifeontheIsland
　　Robinson’slifeisfullofvariousadversities，andespeciallyhis28years’lifeontheislandisthemostarduousoneoftheall。Andtheexperienceoflivingontheislandcanshowbesthisattitudestowardstheadversity。Itisshowedinthefollowingaspects：
　　A。LearningtoLoseinAdversity
　　Robinsonisnotapersonwhowasbornwithcouragetoconfronttheadversity。Heisnotamanwhoiseagertolivestably。Butowingtohisrebelliousthoughtsaboutsailing，heisalwaysfacedwithvariousadversities。Whycanhedealwiththeadversitywell？Itishisattitudethatisthemostimportantfactor。
　　Whentheadversitycomes，ishehappy？No。Justashesaid，hehadadismalprospectofhiscondition。ItiseasytoseethatRobinsonalsofeltmiserable。Thoughtheadversitycameunexpectedly，andRobinsonalsocomplainedabouthisconditioninthebeginning，hecanconverthisthoughttoanotherone：
　　Butsomethingalwaysreturnedswiftuponmetocheckthesethoughts，andtoreproveme；andparticularlyoneday，walkingwithmyguninmyhandbytheseaside，Iwasverypensiveuponthesubjectofmypresentcondition，whenReason，asitwere，expostulatedwithmet’otherway，thus：Well，youareinadesolatecondition，’tistrue，butprayremember，wherearetherestofyou？Didnotyoucomeelevenofyouintotheboat？Wherearetheten？Whywerenottheysavedandyoulost？Whywereyousingledout？Isitbettertobehere，orthere？AndthenIpointedtothesea。Allevilsaretobeconsideredwiththegoodthatisinthemandwithwhatworseattendsthem。（DanielDefoe，49）
　　Itishistransposingthoughtsthatchangedhisattitudestowardslife。Whenhefeltmiserableabouthiscondition，hethoughtofhiscompanions’misfortunes。Heunderstoodthathisconditionisnotbadcomparedwiththem。Ashesaid：Allevilsaretobeconsideredwiththegoodthatisinthemandwithwhatworseattendsthem。Itisjustthesameasthetruththattoloseisanotherwaytogain。ThereisnodoubtthatRobinsonlostmanythings，suchashiscompanions，hiscomfortablelifeButhegotmore。Hewassurvived，whichisthemostimportantforhim。Thatisenough。Lifeiseverything。Wherethereislife，thereishope。
　　Besides，Robinsonknewhowtosetthegoodagainsttheeviltoenjoythecomforts。
　　EVIL
　　Iamcastuponahorribledesolateisland，voidofallhopeofrecovery。
　　Iamsingledoutandseparated，asitwere，fromalltheworldtobemiserable。
　　Iampidedfrommankind，asolitaire，onebanishedfromhumansociety。
　　Ihavenotclothestocoverme。
　　Iamwithoutanydefenseormeanstoresistanyviolenceofmanorbeast。
　　Ihavenosoultospeakto，orrelieveme。
　　GOOD
　　ButIamalive，andnotdrowned，asallmyship’scompanywas。
　　ButIamsingledout，too，fromalltheship’screwtobesparedfromdeath；andhethatmiraculouslysavedmefromdeathcandelivermefromthiscondition。
　　ButIamnotstarvedandperishingonabarrenplace，affordingnosustenance。
　　ButIaminahotclimate，whereifIhadclothesIcouldhardlywearthem。
　　ButIamcastonanisland，whereIseenowildbeaststohurtme，asIsawontheofAfrica。AndwhatifIhadbeenshipwreckedthere？
　　ButGodwonderfullysenttheshipinnearenoughtotheshorethatIhavegottenoutsomanynecessarythingsaswilleithersupplymywants，orenablemetosupplymyselfevenaslongasIlive。（DanielDefoe，52）
　　ItisjustasRobinsonsaidthatuponthewhole，herewasanundoubtedtestimony，thattherewasscarceanyconditionintheworldsomiserable，buttherewassomethingnegativeorsomethingpositivetobethankfulforinit；andletthisstandasadirectionfromtheexperienceofthemostmiserableofallconditionsintheworld，thatwemayalwaysfindinitsomethingtocomfortourselvesfromandtosetinthedescriptionofgoodandevilonthecreditsideoftheaccount。
　　Robinsonmadeacomparisonbetweentheevilandgood，andunderstoodthathegotmorethanhelostindeed。Astimewenton，helearnedtotakemoreuponthebrightsideofhiscondition，andlessuponthedarkside，andtoconsiderwhatheenjoyedratherthanwhathewanted。Somebodythinksthatifonegetsgreatprestige，hewilllosethefreedomthattheordinaryhave；ifonegetsenormouswealth，hewilllosetheeasewhenheissleeping；ifonegetsbriskbusiness，hewilllosealotoftimeInaword，ifeveryonecanthinkofhisowngainandlossseriously，hewillfindthatthereisreallossinvaryingdegreesintheprocessofgaining。
　　B。MakingPlansfortheFutureontheIsland
　　sothatIhadatolerableviewofsubsistingwithoutanywantaslongasIlived；forIconsideredfromthebeginninghowIwouldprovidefortheaccidentsthat
　　mighthappenandforthetimethatwastocome，evennotonlyaftermyammunitionshouldbespent，butevenaftermyhealthorstrengthshoulddecay。（DanielDefoe，50）
　　Fromthis，peoplecanseethatRobinsonisaforesightedperson。Whenheranintotheadversity，hecoulddealwithitcalmly，andhecouldconsiderhisfuturerationally。Somepeoplewilllosehisreasoningpowerwhenheisinabadcondition。ButRobinsonmadeplansforhisfuturelifeontheisland。Forexample，hemadeaplanforhisdailywork：everymorninghewalkedoutwithhisgunfortwoorthreehoursifitdidnotrain，thenworkeduntilabouteleveno’clock，thenatewhathehad，andlaydowntosleepfromtwelvetotwoastheweatherwasexcessivelyhot，andthencontinuedtoworkuntiltheevening。
　　Hemadeplannotonlyforhisdailyworkbutalsoforhisfood，bulletsand
　　powder。Hisfoodwasverylimited。Healwaysatecannily。Andhetriedhisbesttofindsomethingeatable。Sometimeshewenthunting，whichhecouldgetsomemeatforeatingthrough。Andhetriedtotamethesheep。Thenhegotnotonlymilkbutalsosomemutton。Hisbulletswereusedcannilyandseriously。Onlywhenitisquitenecessary，hewoulduseit。Asforhispowder，heconsidereditcarefully；heseparatedhisstockofpowderintomanylittleparcelstoavoiddanger。Andheusedthemaccordingtohisplan。Becausehedidnotknowhowlonghewouldliveontheisland。
　　Owingtohisconsiderationandplansforhisfuturelife，hecouldliveontheislandforsuchalongtime。AssumethatRobinsondidnotconsiderhisfuturelifeanddidnotmakeaseriesofplansforit，hespenthisfood，bulletscasually，andhowcouldheliveon？Nooneknows。
　　C。LearningtoBringForthNewIdeasWhenHeIsShortoftheNecessity
　　ThoughRobinsongotalotofthingsfromtheshipthatwrecked，hewasstillshortofsomenecessity，suchasatableandachair，abasket，someearthenvesselsandastonemortar。Whenhefacedtheshortageofthenecessity，hedidnotgiveupbutthinkofwaystomakeoutthosenecessities。
　　Withoutatable，hecouldnotwrite，eatordootherthings。Sohesettoworkandmadeatableandachair。Hejusttookthematerialshehad。Thoughittookhimalotoftimeandlabor，hefinishedthem。Andwhenheneededabasketinhislife，hetriedmanywaystomakeone。Buthefailed。Thoughheknewthemethods，hedidnothavethematerials。Observingcarefully，hefoundthetwigswhichwereastoughastheosiersinEngland。Thenhetriedagaintomakeabasketwiththetwigs。Finallyhesucceeded。
　　Healsotriedtomakesomeearthenvesselsmanytimes。Owingtothesoilstructure，hefailedagainandagain。Afterhavinglaboredhardtofindtheclay，hemadesomejarsandseveralsmallthings。Becauseofahappyaccident，hefoundabrokenpieceofoneofhisearthenvesselsburntashardasastone，whichbroughthimanideaofburningthewholevessel。Thenhedidso，andhesucceededinmakingsomevesselsandsomepots。Andheusedthesevesselsandpotsinhislife。These
　　necessitiesgavehimsomeinterestoflife。
　　Thoughhehadsomecertainnecessityoflife，hewasstillinlackofastonemortar。Heplantedbarleyandrice，soheneededastonemortartopoundthemintopowdertomakebread。Buthewasunqualifiedforastonecutter，andthestonewasinsolidrockwhichwasnotfitformakingastonemortar。Afteragreatdealoftimewaswastedinsearchingforit，hegaveitup，andresolvedtolookoutforagreatblockofhardwood。Hefinishedit，andheatethebreadmadebyhimselfatlast，whichprovidedRobinsonmorefoodandmadehislifemorewonderful。
　　AsRobinsonsaidthatreasonisthesubstanceandoriginalofthemathematics，sobystatingandsquaringeverythingbyreasonandbymakingthemostrationaljudgmentofthings，everymanmaybeintimemasterofeverymechanicart。（DanielDefoe，58）Robinsonhadneverhandledatoolinhislife，buthecouldmakeoutwhathewantedthroughhislabor，applicationandcontrivance。Healwaysbroughtnewideastosolvehisproblems，whichstemmedfromtheenlightenmentsinhislife。Andhemadehislifeontheislandmorecomfortable。Itseemedasifitwereakingdomofhisown。
　　D。BeingPerseverant
　　Twentyeightyearsisnotashorttime。Itisdifficulttoliveonanaloneislandforapersonforsuchalongtime。Andhemustbearthebadcondition。ButRobinsonsurvived。
　　Thoughhewasunfortunate，herefreshedandbegantoplanforhisownlife；thoughhewasinlackofmanythings，hetriedhisbesttomakethemout，nottojustthinkaboutwhathewanted；thoughthethingshemadewerenotgoodenough，theycouldbeusefulinhislife；thoughhemetwithmanydifficulties，henevergaveup。Hewasperseverantuntilhewassaved。
　　Livingonanislandalonefortwentyeightyearsistoodifficultforaperson。Andhelivedontheislandwithlimitednecessities。Thiswasmoredifficult。Andduringthetwentyeightyears，Robinsonlivedcomfortablyandcreatedhisownkingdom。Thisresultedfromhisperseverance。Whenhemetwithsomedifficulties，henevergaveuphishope，andovercamethedifficultieswithamazingwillpowerandtenacity。Atlast，hewassaved。Andduringthetwentyeightyears，Robinsoncreatedthesplendorofhislife，whichastonishedmanypeople。
　　。PresentSituationofDealingwithAdversity
　　Nowadayspeoplewon’thaveexperiencelikeRobinsonCrusoe。Butthereisstillsomeadversityinpeople’slife。Forsomereasons，somepeoplecannotdealwithadversityverywell。Andtheyhavesomewrongideasofdealingwithadversity。
　　A。TheCausesofDealingwithAdversityImproperly
　　Therearevariouscausesofdealingwithadversityimproperly，whichcanbepidedintotwogroups：oneistheexteriorcause，theotherisinteriorone。
　　Theexteriorcauseisthebasicone。Withthedevelopmentofthesociety，people’slifehasbecomebetterandbetter。Peopleareaccustomedtoacomfortablelife。Whentheymeetwithadversity，theydonotknowwhattodo。Forexample，ayoungmanhasalreadybeenaccustomedtoascendantlifethathisparentsprovideforhim。Ifonedayhisparentscannotprovidehimwithsuchascendantcondition，whatwillhedo？Andthesocietyandthefamilyputmuchpressureonhim。Thushemaynotbearthepressure，andcannotchangetherolewell。Thenhemaygotoofar，evendosomeillegalthingstomeethisneeds。Thoughpeoplethinkthosewhocanovercometheadversityaresuccessful，theexteriorpressurebecomesoneobstacleontheway。
　　Theinteriorcausereferstothepsychologicalcause。Itisthemainreason。Peoplealwaysregardtheadversityassomethingthatisimpossibleforthemtoovercome。Thustheyareunabletoovercomeit。Peoplealwaysfeelthattheyloseallthingsinsuchasituation。Thentheybegintobepessimistic，andcomplain。Fearandselfabasementaretheobstaclesonthewaytovictory。Ifonecannotbearthem，onewillneverbesuccessful。JustastheZurichAxiomsayinggoes：Optimismmeansexpectingthebest，butconfidencemeansknowinghowtohandletheworst。People
　　shouldnotbebeatenbythemselves。Forinstance，Beethoven，afamousmusician，continuedtocomposeafterhishearing，andcreatedtheworldfamousmusic。Whetheronecanovercomethedifficultyornotdependsonwhattheythinkof。
　　B。SomeWrongIdeasofDealingwithAdversity
　　Nowadays，manypeoplehavepoormentalities。Theycannottreattheadversityproperly。Sotheyhavesomewrongideasofdealingwithadversity。
　　Somepeopleregardtheadversityastheextremewhichdoesnothaveroomforconvert。Consequently，theygiveuptheirhope，makenoefforttogetout，andtheygetafinalloss。Thereisaparableabouttwofrogs：twofrogsfellintoajugwhichwasfilledwithsomemilk。Onefrogthoughtthathewouldnotgetoutofthejugforever。Thenhesankquickly。Whiletheothermademuchefforttogetoutandsucceededinjumpingout。Itiseasytoknowthetruththatadversityisdifferentfromextremity。
　　Lifeisnotfair。Whenonesufferstheunfairtreatment，hewillcomplainaboutitconstantly。Andhewillthinkheisthemostunfortunatepeopleintheworld。Infact，itismeaningless。Hugo，agreatFrenchwriter，wasbanishedbythepotentate，andwandereddestitutefarfromhome。Everydayhealwaysthrewalotofstonestothesea。Whenabravechildaskedhimthereasonforit，hesaidthathediscardedpainfulnessofhimselfbydoingso。Thusheovercametheadversity，createdsplendorofhisownandachievedalotinhiscareer。
　　Peoplewhoarenotforethoughtfulanddonotcreatesomeconditionsinadversitywillnotgetawayfromtheplight。Otherwisepeoplewholiveinadversityareeagerforchances。Chancesbelongtothosewhoarepreparedforthem。Onewhoisalwayspositiveandwaitsforthechancewithoutconsideringthefutureorcreatingthechancewillbebeatenfinally。
　　Besides，peoplealwayslackthespirittotakearisk。Itisasanoldsayinggoes，Nothingventured，nothinggained。Aseriesofhumanbeing’sdiscoveriesandcreature，thetransformationofsocietiesbeginswiththeadventures。Galileo’sAstrophysicsandColumbia’sdiscoveryofthenewlandwereowingtotheadventures。Ifonenevertakesariskormakesanymistakes，hewillachievenothing。Ifonewillnotwritea
　　letterwhenhedoesnotknowtheappropriatewording。Theresultisthattheletterwillneverbefinished。Thisisthesameasthetruththatonewhodoesnothavethespiritofadventurewillnotbesuccessful。Adventureandvictorygohandinhand。Especiallyintoday’sbusiness，competitionsrequireadventures。Whenonesinksintoadversityinbusiness，hehastotakeariskandbringforthnewideas。Otherwiseitwillbedifficultforhimtomoveevenonestepforward。
　　Beingnotpersistentisanotherwrongideaofdealingwithadversity。Foreverything，peopleshouldkeepdoingandnevergiveitupuntiltheyachievethefinalsuccess。Therearemanyexamplestoprovetheimportanceofpersistency。Today，somepeopledonotknowforsurewhattheywant。Theyhaveinterestineverythingonlyforashortwhile。Finally，theyhavegainednothing。Onthecontrary，somepeoplehavethefeasibledreamandmakesurewhattheyreallywant。Theypersistinworkinghardforthelifegoal。Intheend，theyhaveachievedmuchintheirlife
　　Inadversity，peopleshouldbeactivetothinkoftheirfutureandcreateconditionstoovercomethedifficulties。
　　。TheWaysofDealingwithAdversityProperly
　　A。BeingCognizantoftheAdversityProperly
　　Adversityisobjectiveandpeoplecannothelpit。Onlybyrecognizingtheadversityproperlycanonemakeconstanteffortsinpracticetogetoutofadversity。
　　Adversityhasitsspecialmeaning。Itisdifferentfromtriflesinthedailylife。Adversityreferstothebumpyexperienceinone’slife，suchasmisfortuneofafamily，theattackofthenaturalcalamityandsomethinglikethesewhichbringstormenttothebodyandmind。Failinginthecollegeentranceexamisnotanadversity。Butwhenthestudent，whohasnotpassedtheexam，suffersthepressureofthesocietyandfamily，itcanbecalledbeinginadversity。
　　Adversitycanbechangedintoagoodstate。Tosomeextent，ifonecanrecognizetheadversityproperly，takeofthechance，createtheconditionandchangethebad
　　factorsintothegoodones，hecanchangeadversityintoagoodstate。Tobecognizantoftheadversityproperlyanddaretoconfronttheadversity，treattheadversityasseveretest，onecanmakeadversityaflashingpointofhisownlifelikeRobinsonCrusoe。
　　B。FacinguptoAdversitywithHope
　　R。Tagoreoncesaid：Wherethereislifethereishope。（CaiNingning，89）Itiseasytoseethathopeisveryimportantinlife，especiallyinadversity。
　　Inthesameadversity，onewholoseshisownbeliefonceherunsintotheadversitywillbeneversuccessful，whileonewhowillnotgiveupeasilywillsucceedafterovercomingalotofdifficulties。Onlyifonehashopeinhismind，andhenevergivesitup，willhebesuccessfulatlast。
　　Inadversity，therearetwokindsofpeople：oneisthosewhohavenohopeintheirlives；theotheristhosewhonevergiveuptheirhopes。Intheend，thelatterwillgetoutofadversityandcreatethesplendoroftheirlives。
　　Beliefandhopearepowerfulsupportwithwhichpeoplecanbearvariousdifficultiesinadversity。Einstein，afamousscientist，neverdroppedhishopeintheadversityofscientificresearch。WhenhisquestionscouldnotbeexplainedbythelawofNewton，hemaderesearchonnatureconstantly，andfinallyheputforwardtheTheoryofRelativity。
　　Whenoneisdying，hewillthinkabouthowtoliveon。Ifthosewhocommitsuicideweregivenachancetomakeachoiceagain，theywillchoosetolivebetter。Whenonefacesuptofailure，heshouldnevergiveupallhope。Filledwithhopesallthetime，youwillhavegoodlucksoonerorlater。
　　C。MakingaPlanfortheFuture
　　Aplanisaguidetotheaction。Itplaysanimportantroleinwork。Whenoneisinadversity，tomakeaplanforthefuturebecomesmoreimportantandnecessary。
　　Peoplemusthaveaplantohelpthemfinishallthethings，ortheywillbeverybusyandcan’tdothingswell。Firstly，aplancanhelppeoplesavealotoftime。It
　　makespeopleknowwhichmustbedonefirstandwhichcanbedonesecond。Secondly，aplancanhelppeopledothingsbetter。Agoodorderofdoingthingsmakespeoplehappierandrelaxed。Peoplecandothingsquicklyandhappilyandtheywillbeinterestedineverythingtheydoandwanttodomore。Thirdly，smallplanswillhelppeopleknowhowtomakeabigplanalifestudyplan。Soifpeoplewanttomakehislifebetterandbetter，heshouldplanallthethingshewilldo，andatlastmakeagoodplanforhisownlife。
　　Inadversity，peoplealwayslackalotofthings。Ifheorshedoesnotmakeaplanforthefuture，hemaynotgetoutoftheadversity。TakeRobinsonasanexample，hemadeaseriesofplansabouthisfood，hisbullets，hispowderandhisdailywork。Hebelievedthathewouldstarveorbeattackedwhenhehadnotthosethings。Soheateverycannily。Andhetriedtotrainthesheepsothathedidnotwastesomanybulletstoshootthem。Thetruthprovedthatitwaswiseforhimtodoso。
　　Peopleshouldbeforethoughtfulinadversity。Tomakeaplancanhelponefaceuptotheadversity。Whenthechancethathecangetoutofitcomes，hewillknowwhattodo。Itisjustasthesayinggoesthathopeforthebestandpreparefortheworst。Makeanamplepreparation，youwillgettwicetheresultwithhalftheeffortwhenthedifficultycomes。Chancespreferthosewhoarewellpreparedforthem。
　　D。LearningtoBringForthNewIdeas
　　Peoplealwaysthinkofdiscoveryorinventionwhentalkingaboutbringingforthnewideas。Peoplethinkthattofindsomethingnewandinventsomethingnewistobringforthnewideas。Onthewhole，tobringforthnewideascontainsnotonlyinventionanddiscoverybutalsothemethodstosolvetheprobleminlifeandwork，andnewpointsofviewtotreattheproblems。
　　Ifonedoesnotknowadaptation，andhelackstheabilitytobeflexible，hewillbeintheadversityforlongertime。Tobringforthnewideasalwayshelpspeopletosolvetheproblemandgetoutoftheadversityquickly。Forinstance，Robinsonalwaysthoughtofsomenewideaswhenhewasfacedwithsomedifficulties。Ifhediddoeverythingwithfixedrule，hewouldnotcreatethenecessitiesthatheneededinhis
　　life。Owingtohisabilitytobringforthnewideas，hesolvedmanyproblems。Andthoseideashelpedhimovercometheadversity。
　　Whenpeoplearefacinguptosomespinyproblem，theyshouldtrytobreakawayfromconventions，andthinkabouttheproblemfromanewprospective，whichmayhelptosolveitmorequickly。
　　E。BeingPerseverant
　　Thereisasayingthatfailureisthepathofleastpersistence。Everyonehasthemomentthatisstoppedbyvariousdifficulties。Ifonehasnoenduringconstancyofpurposeandwillpower，hewillnotovercometheadversity。
　　Whenpeoplerunintoadversity，theymaygiveupeitheratthebeginningorhalfway。Victoryalwaysbelongstopeoplewhodaretochallengewiththedifficulty。Theyunderstandthemeaningandvalueoflife，andfeelthehappinessofbeingsuccessful。Whilepeoplewhoshrinkbackinadversitywillneverenjoysuchhappiness。Robinsonhadbeenperseverantfortwentyeightyears，andwassavedfinally。PeoplewillnotbeunfortunatelikeRobinsonwhowaspersistentforsuchalongtime。Confrontingadversitywithcertainpersistence，peoplewillgetoutofitatlast。
　　TaketheLongMarchasanexample：theRedArmymetmanydifficultiesintheLongMarch。Assumethattheyshrankbackatthatmoment，whatabouttoday’snewChina？Iftheywerenotpersistentinovercomingthedifficulties，today’sChinacouldnotberich，strongandprosperous。OwingtotheRedArmy’spersistence，theyexperiencedallkindsofhardships，andsurmountedallobstaclesanddifficulties。Andtheyachievedsuccessatlast。ThentheyestablishedthePeople’sRepublicofChina。
　　Inadversity，peopleshouldlooksquarelyatit，andthentheycanovercomeit。Havingthedeterminationtoovercomethedifficultyandmakingpersistentefforts，peoplewillfindthattheadversitycanbeovercomeeasily。Justasthesayinggoes：persistenceisvictory。Onlyifoneisremittingtotheend，hewillgettothesummitofvictory。
　　Peoplecansafelydrawtheconclusionthatpersistenceleadstothefinalsuccess。So，takeactions，andbepersistent。Don’tjustcomeupwithanambitiousplanandwaitforaproperdatetogetastart。
　　Conclusion
　　RobinsonCrusoe’slifeinadversitywasastonishing。Heovercametheadversityandcreatedthesplendorofhislife。Thoughthestorywasoverstated，theauthorgainedagooddealofenlightenmentfromaScotlandsailorin18thcentury，andthenwrotethisstory。Thisshowsthatthereisarealstory。Robinson’sattitudestowardsadversitytellpeoplethatadversityisnotonethatisimpossibletobeovercome。Onlyifonehasthecouragetoovercomeit，andheorshehastheproperattitudesandmethodstowardsit，heorshewillgetoutofitandcreatethesplendorofhisownlife。
　　Nowadayspeopleliveinanascendantlife。AndtheywillnothavetheexperienceslikeRobinson’s。Butpeoplewillcertainlycomeacrosssomedifferentadversity。Whenpeopleareinanadversity，theyshouldnotbebeatenbyit。Theyshouldfaceuptoitcalmly，notgiveupthehope，makeplansforthefutureandbepersistent。Thentheywillovercomeitandcreatehisownsplendor。
　　Onlyifonedoesnotgiveup，andcrackasmileinadversity，everythingwillbechangedintoagoodstate。Nothorns，nocrown。Aftercomingthroughtheadversity，andundergoingtheanneal，onewillfindthebeautyoflifeandfeelthehappinessofovercomingthedifficulty。
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