浅议京华烟云的道

　　Abstract
　　LinYutangadvocatedthethoughtofItoughttobeorderofTaoismofMomentinPeking，withConfucianismasfoil。TheoverallstructureofthewholebookwasthephilosophyofChuangtse。ItindicatedtheparticularopinionshowTaoiststhinkofproperty，pleasureseeking，lifeanddeath，loveandmarriage。ItillustratedclearlyTaoistsphilosophyideasoftheiroptimisticandmagnanimousattitudestowardslifeWhat’smore，theauthor’scharacteristicinintroducingtraditionalChineseculturetothewestisusingtheformofnovel，bywhichhecreatedavarietyoftypicalandlivelycharacters。
　　Keywords：LinYutang；MomentinPeking；Taoism
　　中文摘要
　　林语堂在《京华烟云》中以儒家思想为陪衬，弘扬了顺应天道的道家思想。全书以庄周哲学为笼络，透露出了道家对待财富、享乐、生死及婚恋的独特观点，阐明并推崇了道家思想达观豁然、心胸宽广的哲学理念。本书采用小说的艺术表现方法，塑造了形象鲜明、性格不一的人物是作者向西方人介绍中国传统文化的独到之处。
　　关键词：林语堂；《京华烟云》；道
　　Introduction
　　LinYutang，borninLongXi，ZhangZhou，southofFujianin1895，wasthesonofPastorLinZhichengHefirststudiedinfreemissionaryschoolsinXiamen，andthenwenttoShanghaiSt。JohnsUniversitywherehelearnedEnglishbyheartandreadalotofwesternbooks。WhenhegraduatedfromSt。JohnsUniversityin1916，YutangacceptedateachingpostatQingHuaCollegeinBeijing。TherehefoundhimselfsurroundedbyChinesehistoryandrealizedhowsmalltheconfinesofhisChristianeducationhadbeen。Determinedtomakeuptohisinadequacy，hebegantostudytraditionalChinesecultureandbecameinterestedinphilosophyofChuangtseparticularly。
　　Intheliteraryworld，LinYutangwasoneofthewellknownwriters，whowaslistedasoneofthewisdomFigurein20thcenturyinAmericanLiteratureArea。In1975，inthe41stInternationalassociationofPoets，Editors，Essayists，andNovelists（PEN），hewasselectedasGeneralassistantPresidentoftheassociation。Andwhatsmore，hewasnominatedforthecandidateofNobelLiteraturePrize。OneofYutangsfriendssaidthat，thestrongpointofYutanwastointroduceChineseculturetotheforeignersandinreturn，tointroduceforeignculturetotheChinese。LinYutanghimselfagreedtothiscompletely。Heusedhisownwords：twofeettocrossovertheeasternandwesternculture；Onehearttocommenttheglobalarticles。before1936，hedevotedmostofhistimeandenergytobringingChineseculturetotheworld。ManyofhisgreatworkswritteninEnglishsuchasMyCountryandMyPeople。TheArtofLiving，MomentinPekingenjoyedgreatpopularityinthewest。Hedidcontributealottotheexchangeofeasternandwesternculture。
　　Chapter1。CorrelativeIntroductionof
　　MomentinPeking
　　MomentinPekingwaswrittenin1938，whentheSinoJapanesewarbrokeout。Mr。LinsdaughterLinRusirecalled：Inthespringof1938，anideatotranslatetheRedchamberDreamdawnedonmyfatheraftercarefulconsideration，hefoundthatTheRedChamberDreamwaswrittenlongagofromnow，sohechangedhismindtowriteanovelwhichreflectthemordentlifeofChina。〔3〕Thewesternerscouldunderstandthisnovelmoreeasilybecausethetimeandthebackgroundthisnovelsetonwasclosetotheauthor’sday。InMarchof1938，LinYutangbegantodesignthecharactersandplotofthenovel。Afterfivemonthfermentation，hestartedtowriteon8th，Augustof1939。ItcostLinawholeyeartotally。ThisgreatworkthatLinYutangshedhisheart’sbloodonwasthemostbeautifulandmostfreshflowerinthegardenofLin’snovels。
　　Thisshiningflowerwasrootedinthesoilofnationalspiritandpatriotism。ItwaswrittenatthebeginningofSinoJapaneseWar，whichdecidedtheimportanceofpatriotism。LinYutangrevealedhismotiveofproductionofthisnovelinthelettertoYuDafu，thatis，torememberthebravesoldiersinthefrontwhodiedforournation。LinYutangbelievedthatanintellectsofChina，duringthevitalmoment，heshouldconnecthisownfatetothatofhismotherland。Healsobelievedthatasawriter，thesharpestweaponwasthepenandtheworks。Inthisbooktheauthorintendedtotellthewesthowchinathebigandoldnation，experiencedthegreatpains，sufferingandstillmadetheprogressbitbybitinacertainparticulartime（fromearlytomidofthe20thcentury）。Sointhisnovel，wecanreadmanyChinesehistorystoriessuchasBoxerRebellion，TheMay4thMovementof1919，etc。TheauthorshowedusanespeciallifeattitudeofTaothroughthedescriptionofdifferentlifeattitudesandexperienceofdifferentcharactersfromdifferentfamiliesinacertaintime。TheauthorbelievedthatthoughtofTaoschoolwasaveryparticularkindthoughtinthattimebecauseitwasinasensesuperiortoConfucianismwhichhadbeenplayingapredominantroleinChinaoveralongtimeespeciallythefeudalConfucianethicalcodewhichconstrainsandstifleshumannature。What’smore，someofitsviewsembodieddemocracy，freedom，independenceofpersonality，allofwhichthewestpursue。Inthissense，thoughtsofTaoSchoolandthewesternculturehavesomethingincommonwhiletheyhavetheirowncharacteristics。Inaword，MomentinPekingisthevehicleofthoughtsofLinYutan。Thatstosay；thisnovelindicatestheauthor’sthinking。LinYutang’sdaughterLinRusisaidinherbookOnMomentInPeking：LifeislikeadreamwasthegistofMomentInPeking。Butasamatteroffact，theopinionofLinYutang’sownwasnotcompletelysimilartothatofhisdaughter。HebecamegreatlyawareofthechangeablenatureofthingsandhumanbeingsonthebasisoftheobjectivesofTaoism，awareofthebrevityoflife，andofultimatenihility，withoutnegatingtherelativemeaningoflife。Meanwhile，onthebasisoftheviewoftakingthingsphilosophicallyandnaturalism，ontheconditionoflookingintotherealsideoflife，headvocatedtofollowthebigWay，toliberatespirit，andtoliveahappylife，whichshouldbepointedoutasanimportantthoughtofLinYutang’sphilosophyoflife。Theactor，YaoSian，theTaoistandhiselderdaughter，YaoMilanareofLinYutangsfavorite。Theauthoroncesaid：IfIwereawoman，IwouldbeMuLan。〔4〕YaoMulanthereforebecomestheperfectwomanimageinhiseyes。Andthiskindofperfectionisnotonlyduetoherappearance。Themoreimportantfactorishercharacterofmagnanimity，openmind，optimism，humorsense，innocenceandfullofimagination，whichformundertheinfluenceofhisfather’sTaoistthought。ThesethoughtsandpersonalitiesaregreaterandmoreglamorousinthesocietyinwhichtheConfucianismpredominates。
　　Chapter2。TheembodimentofTaoin
　　MomentInPeking
　　ThoughtofTaoSchoolisnotonlyanimportantpartofChinesethoughtbutalsobecomesaninternationaloneTaoismaccountsforasideoftheChineseCharacterwhichConfucianismcannotsatisfy。〔5〕Thereisanaturalromanticismandanaturalclassicisminanation，asinaninpidual。TaoismistheromanticschoolofChinesethought，asConfucianismistheclassicschool。Actually，Taoismisromanticthroughout。Firstly，itstandsforthereturntonatureandtheromanticescapefromtheworld，andrevoltagainsttheartificialityandresponsibilitiesConfucianculture。Secondly，itstandsfortheruralidealoflife，artandliterature，andtheworshipofprimitivesimplicity。Andthirdly，itstandsfortheworldoffancyandwonder，coupledwithachildishlynaivecosmogony。〔6〕InthecultureofTaoSchool，Taoistheoriginofeverything，isexistingandlonglasting。LaoTzusaidinhisTaoTeChing：Taogavebirthtotheone，theonegavebirthsuccessivelytotwothings，threethings，uptotenthousand（i。e。，everything）。〔7〕ThatiswhyTaoistsinsistonalwaysbeingnatural。Theybelievethateverythingisdecidedbynature，bytheirfate，butnotbythemselves。Socalledgoodfortuneandbadfortunearethesameintheireyes。BecausetheyknowthatItisuponbadfortunethatgoodfortuneleans，upongoodfortunethatbadfortunerests〔8〕Therefore，todonothingtolovebyquietude。toactonlybyinactivity。tohavenowantsbecometheirmotto。ThroughthisnovelwecanseeclearlythatthoughtofTaoSchoolreallyaffectTaoistsviewsofmaterialandproperty，pleasureseeking，lifeanddeath，loveandmarriage。Belowitwillbeanalyzedfromthesefouraspects。
　　I。Viewofmaterialandproperty
　　II。Viewofpleasureseeking
　　Ononehand，TaoSchoolconsidersconsumptionofmaterialashumanbeing’sessentialandnaturalpursuit。Inscientificsense，limitedandsimpleconsumptioncanmaintainhuman’slifeactivity，whichisnormalconditionoflife。Ontheotherhand，TaoSchoolconsidersreturningtoNaturetobethezenithoftheoreticinterest，soNatureislogicallycontainedintheprocessoflifeforTao，whichgeneratesinextricablytheirapprovingandadvocatingpleasureoflife。〔13〕AndenoughsatisfactionwithNatureformstheviewofpleasure。Chuangtsealwayspraisesthat：Befullfirst，andthengoonapleasuretour。Pursuingenjoymentofmaterialisanessentialandcorrecthumanneed。However，thehealthofbodyisnotcontrarytothequietsofheart。Inthebalanceofstructureofbodyandheart，thetwoelementsareofthesameimportance。Thepeopleshouldbecontentedwiththeirfood，pleasedwiththeirclothing，satisfiedwiththeirhomes，shouldtakepleasureintheirrustictasks。〔14〕What’smore，simplicityandfewnessofdesiresareraisedtoanearlevelofontology。Inthissense，limitationofdesiresbecomesapursuitofone’sown。Laotzuadvocatesknowledgelessanddesirelesslife，hethinks：Onlybyknowingwhenitistimetostopcandangerbeavoided。Hesaid：Tobecontentwithwhatonehasare，andnoonecandespoilyou；whostopsintimenothingcanharm。Heisforeversafeandsecure。Nolureisgreaterthandisastergreaterthannottobecontentwithwhatonehas，nopresageofevilgreaterthanthatmenshouldbewantingtogetmore。Sotruly：Hewhohasonceknownthecontentmentthatcomessimplythroughbeingcontent，willneveragainbeotherwisethancontented。Inthebook，therearemanydetailsdescriptionshowingsuchanopinion。Forinstance，atthebeginningofthebookmentioningtheoriginalpresenceofthetwoYao’sdaughters。Thebeautifulyoungwomanappearedagainwithtwogirls，bothdressedverysimplyinwhitecottonjackets，onewithgreen，andtheotherwithvoidtrousers。〔15〕Generallyspeaking，thedaughtersoftherichfamilyareallgoldenbranchesandjadeleaves。Sotheywillprobablydressupthemselveswithjewels。However，wecanseeobviouslythedressingdifferenceofthetwosistersfromothersthroughthewordsimply。Whatsmore，Mr。Laodoesntadvocate，bindingfeet，either。HethinksthatbindingfeetisacorruptcustomwhichdestroyseverelytheChinesewomenshealth。Therefore，hisdaughtersdidntbindfeetsincechildhood；instead，theylettheirfeetdevelopnaturally。ThisviewistotallydifferentfromConfucianviewofthinkingbindingfeettobewomenscharacter。AsforYaoSi’an，helikescollectingantiques，andsoon。Tosumup，theTaoistsviewofpleasureseekingistobenatural。
　　III。Viewoflifeanddeath
　　InChuangtsesopinion，humanslifeanddeathdependonfate，thatistosayDeathandlifeisfate。（FromChuangtse。Master）。Aman’sbirthdoesn’tactforhimself，becausehehimselfdoesn’texistatallatthattime。Selfcomesfromnothing，afterone’sbirth，therehasbeenanI，Icometothisworldbeingstarknaked。WhatamI，I’arrivaldoesn’tgetthepermissionofself。Thiskindofpurepassiveexistenceisfateitself。Attheendoflife，differentfromthetimeofbirth，wehavetheabilitytodecide。Butwhenweeachfaceone’sdeath，doesDeathoncetalkitoverwithyouandgetyourpermission？No！Itseemsthatwecanchooseasmallamountofwaysofdeath，butwecannotchoosetolivepermanently，this，isfate，too。Allthescientificrulespointoutthetruth，theunchangeabletruth。Facingthetremendousunknownfieldthatisbeforebirthandafterdeath，akindofdriftingsensetowardslifecannotbeavoided。ThatisthereasonwhyTaoSchoolsetshumanbeingsonfate。WhenLaoTzutalkedaboutfate，hesaid，Returntotherootfromwhichtheygrew。Thisreturntotherootiscalledquietness；
　　QuietnessiscalledsubmissiontoFate；whathassubmittedtoFatehasbecamepartofthealwaysso。Toknowthealwayssoistobeillumined。〔16〕Here，man’sFateistheexistingoforigin。Thewesternpeoplesaymanlikesacandlewhichshinesoverthisworldactively；whileinChinesepeople’sopinion，manlikesamirror，reflectonthisworldpassively。Duringtheprocessofshiningovertheworld，humanbeingsfightwithFate，likeFaustus，struggleintheunchangeableexistingcondition。Struggletotheendbecomeshuman’sfate。ThetraditionalChineseculture，TaoSchooltellspeopletodonothing。Inthebackgroundofthiskindofculturewedonotmakeadetailedinquiryanymore。Wedonotthinkdeeplyandstruggleanylonger。WejustconformtothearrangementofFate。Weknowthatlifeisnotalwayshappyandcloudy。Butthesunwillalwaysrise；tomorrowwillbeabetterday。Thatisafaith。Whenweencounterthedifficultyweshouldseethehope。Wewaitforspringinthecoldwinter。Weawaitforflowerstocomeoutagain。Wewaitthesunshinedayinthelongdark。TheChineselivewiththisfaith。ThisnoveladvocatesthoughtofTaoSchoolthroughdifferentattitudesofdifferentcharacterstowardslifeanddeathaswell。Lifeanddeathiseventuallyanaturalphenomenon。Butthereareanimmensevarietyofattitudestowardslifeanddeathbecauseofdifferentmodesofthought。ThoughdeathsofMrs。YaoandTsengfamily，wecanseethatConfucianstakelifeanddeathtooserious。Theyconsiderdeathisofendlesspain，bitterandsorrow。Nevertheless，Towschoolbelievesthatlifeanddeathisgatheringanddistributingofbreathes（i。e。，stateofatmosphere），gatheringislifeanddistributingisdeath。Lifeanddeathdifferfromonetotheother。Therottenandthemagicchangewitheachotheristhelawofnaturecirculation。YakSi’anbelievesthatlifeanddeathistheverylawofexistence。AtrueTaoistmerelytriumphsoverdeath。Hediesmorecheerfullythanothers。HeisnotafraidofitbecausedeathisreturningtotheTao。WhenMuLanaskshim：father，doyoubelieveinbecominganimmortal？Taoistsalwaysbelieveinit。Mr。Yaoanswers：thatispopularTaoism。Lifeanddeatharetheverylawofexistence。Idobelieveinimmortality。IamimmortalthroughyouandyoursisterandAfeiandallthechildrenbornofmychildren。Imlivingalloveragainyou，asyouarelivingalloveragaininAtungandAmei。Thereisnodeath。Youcannotdefeatnature。Lifegoesonforever。〔17〕Mr。Yaosviewoflifeshowsusthat，lifeisraisedtoahigherlevelincirculations。People，ononehand，mustvalueoneslife；ontheotherhand，thereisnoneedtofeeldepressedanddisappointedtothebrevityoflife。
　　IV。Viewofloveandmarriage
　　TaoistsbelievethatIthappenedofitsownaccordevenintheviewofloveandmarriage。Atalltimesandinalllands，lovehasbeenapermanenttopic。RedChamberDream，thegreatTraditionalChinesenovels，islinedwiththelovestorybetweenJiaBaoyuandLinDaiyu。FromthebeginningtotheendofthebookMomentinPekingthatowns700，000characters，therearemainlyfourmarriagesworthofmentioning。Arethesemarriagessuccessfulorcompletefailing？Whataretheirresults？Theoriginalreasonsofsuccessandfailureareworthofexploring。Amongthesemarriages，theseareseveralwomenimagesthathavelivelypersonalityandqueerwayofthinking。Theirviewsoflovevary。Someofthemsacrificealltheirtimeforlove，somedieforlove，andsomeoneconcealherlovedeeplyintheirheart。Loveisthesame，butthewayoflovedifferfromonetoanother。Now，let’stracetheiroriginsinfact，theyaredeterminedbydifferentthoughts，ConfucianismorthoughtofTaoschool。
　　Accordingtotheauthor’sdescription，ManniawasatrueproductofConfucianism。HerparentswerebothConfucians。Shewasbroughtupbyherfather，gotafulloldeducationofwomen。ManniaacceptedwhatthefeudalConfucianethicalcodehadgivenher：Women’scharacter，Women’sspeech，Women’sappearance，Women’saccomplishment。What’smore，sheboundasmallpairoffeet。MastersofTsengfamilies’werecrazyaboutsuperstitiousbelief。Whentheireldersonwasdying，theybelievedthatTsunghsicouldmakePingYarecover。That’swhytheyletPingYamarryyoungMannia。AfterPingYadied，ManniawentintoanotherConfucianfamilyfromthepreviousone。Duringthewholeprocess，noonecameouttopretestforher。Therewasanopinioninhermind，whichwas：IliveasdaughterinlawofTsengfamily，IdieasdaughterinlawofTsengfamily，too。Manniaremainedunmarried。Shewasalone；sheneverwenttothebackgardensurroundedbyhighwalls，becausehisfathertoldherthatinoperaofnovelsalmostallthedegenerationofgirlsandamorousencounterstookplaceinthebackgarden。Oneday，ManniawaspersuadedbyMuLanandSunyatogotoseetheforeignfilmtogether。Sheenjoyedherselfverymuchthatdaybecauseshehadneverseensuchaninterestingnewthing。Butherfatherinlawgotfurious。Hethoughtshehaddonewhatawidowshouldnotdo。Manniadidnotbreatheawordtoprotest。Instead，shethoughtitwrongallherfaultindeed。ShespentrestofherlifewithheradoptedsonandfinallyendedherlifebyherselfbecausetheJapaneseintruders’baseconducts。Thehappinessofsuchabeautiful，pure，kindhearted，gentlewomanwaseatenbysocalledfeudalConfucianethicalcode。IsManiaisonlytragicgirlproducedbyfeudalConfucianethicalcode。TheanswerisabsolutelyNo。Theauthorregardstheclassicalbeautyastheweaponofcriticism。HecriticizesthoseridiculousanddeeprootedethicalcodesofConfucianism。
　　Anothertragedyoflovehappenedtoayoungmasterandhismaid。Tiren，theelderyoungmasterofYaofamily，hadbeenspoiledsinceachildandformedasuperciliousandarrogantpersonalityofdoingthingsaswhatheliked。Silversreen，whowasbroughttoYaofamilyasamaidbyMulan’sunclewhoshewasonlythree，servedTirensinceachild。Shewasthreeyearsolderthanhim。Shewasclever，capableandbeautiful，too。Theyfellinlovewitheachotherwhentheygrewup。TirenmeanedtomarrySilverscreen。ButTiren’smotherwhowasstronglyaffectedbytheconceptiondidn’tagree。Shethoughttherewasgreatdifferencebetweenmasterandmaid，andmarriageshouldbeaccordingtothecustomofwellmatchedinsocialandeconomicstatus。SheconsideredSilverscreen’behaviortobeAposytoadtickingofeatingswanflesh！Shewasinexorabletohindertheirdevelopment。Atlasting，owingtothereasonthatMrs。YaorobbedSilverscreen’schild，whichforcedhertosuicide。Itshouldhadbeenagoodmatch，ifMrs。Yaohadn’tpreventthem，andthetragedywouldhadnothappened。AnotherproductofConfucianschoolthatLincreatedwasMrs。Yao，whoselaterhalflifewasmiserable。Shehadtotaketheresponsibilityofwhatshedid。What’smore，TirenandSilverscreenlovedeachsincerely。Tirenhadhisownadvantage，thatis，hewaskindandtookloveseriously。HewasabletotryhisbesttogetaheadtoperusehisrealloveoveralltheobstacleoffeudalConfucianethicalcode，whichisadmirable。ThecharacterSilverscreenalsoaccordswithhedemandsofperusingtheequalityofpersonalityandfreedomofmarriageduringtheperiodoftheMay4thMovementof1919。
　　SupposethatthetwomarriagesabovewerecausedbyfeudalethicalcodeofConfucianism，thefollowingtwomarriages，onthecontrary，followedtheadviceofTao。Inthisnovel，LinYutangcharacterizesaperfectwomenimageYaoMulan，whoiscalledthedaughteroftheTaoist。FromMulan，wecanseewhatisperfectwomanintheauthor’seye。Therefore，theauthorusesmorewordsonher。Sinceachild，educatedandinfluencedbyherfather，MulanfreedherselffromkindsoffeudalethicalConfuciancodeandoldcustoms。Shemightbeawomanoutoftheordinaryatthattime。Shelearnedembroiderfromhermother。Shehadalotofotherskillstowhistle，tosingBeijingOpera，tocollectandappreciateantique。ShewasdeeplyaffectedbythoughtofTaoSchool。Herfathertoldher：Whenyouyourselfareright，nothingthathappenstoyoucaneverbewrong。ItbecameMuLan’slifetimemotto。Shederivedoptimismandcouragefromthissentence。Shebelievedthattherewassuchabeautifulworld。Wemustfightandendureit。ShewasoptimisticandopenmindedbecauseshewasimperceptiblyinfluencedbythoughtofTaoschool。Facingupsanddownsoflife，shecouldalwayskeepsuchastateofmind：bebrownsoflife，unrestrainedandnatural，Thoughtshedidn’tmarrythemansheloved，shestillbelievedthatIthappenedofitsownaccordandthataperson’sfatehadbeenarrangedaheadoftime。Thoughthereadersmayconsiderthisasaregrettableimperfection，butimperfectionisasortofbeauty。Soshetooktheregrettableimperfectionasakindofbeautyconcealingitintheheart，enjoyingitquietlyandsecretly。AlthoughSunYaandshemightnotbeaperfectcouple，theycouldbeasuitableone。Shealwayslookedforwardtothepeacefulidylliclifeembracedbyhillandwater。Whatsmore，MilanshowedhermagnanimousvirtuewhenherhusbandSonyacheatedherandhadparamourCaoLihue。WiththehelpofherfatherMr。，shecarriedoutaningeniousschemetomakeLihuequitactivelyandwillingly。Inaddition，whentheauthorcreatesthecharacterCaoLihue，hehastwopurposes：oneistoshowMilan’smagnanimousvirtue；theotheristhatalthoughCaoLihuehasbeeninlovewithSonya，sherefusedtobecomehisconcubinewhichinasenseembodiesthenewwomandemandstheequalityofmenandwomenandonehusband，onewifeintermsofmarriageduringthetimeofthetimeoftheMay4thMovement。
　　JudgingsolelyfromthemarriageofTireandCilverscreen，theyfoughtagainsttraditionalconceptionatgreatprice。ItseemthatMrs。YaoonbehalfofConfucianpowerprevailed。However，ifwelookintothecombinationofAfeiandBaofen，itisnotthecase。AfeiandHongyuwasapairofplayingcompanieswhohadbeenaninnocentaffectionforeachothersincechildhood。HongyuspersonalitywassimilartothatofLinDaimyoinRedChamberDream。Shewassentimentalandsusceptibleandhadbeenillsincechildandnearlytookmedicineeveryday，butshewastalented。ShelovedAfeideeplyinherheart，meanwhile，shefeltinferiorbecauseofherillness，andenviedPaofen。Atlast，shedrownedherselfforamiserablemisunderstanding。AsforthemarriageofAfeiandHongyu，Mr。Yaohadhisownview。OnedayMulantoldhimFourthsisterisnotsowell，youknowitistimethattheywereengaged。OldYaoremainedsilent，thinking，hiseyesverydistant，andthenhesaid，Youstillhavethisideaoftsunqhsi。ItdidnotworkinthecaseofMannia，didntit？Waituntilsheisbettertheiropinionsaboutthesimilarthingsaretotallydifferent。TheTsengs，whowereinfluencedstronglybytheConfucianthought，throughtheirsonsillnessonlycouldbeonlybythetraditionalwayoftsunghsisotheywouldrathersacrificeManniaswholehappylifefortheroundlesshope。Onthecontrary，Mr。Yaowasveryawareofthenonsenseoftsunghsi。WhathesaidWaitbetteralittleindicatedhisthoughtofhappeningnaturally。Later，healsoconsideredthemarriageofAfeiandBaofentobehappeningnaturally，sowhenMrs。YaodidntlookdownuponBaofenforheridentityofmaidandassentedtotheirmarriage，Mr。madeuseoftheopportunitytogainhisend。
　　Chapter3。ThefeatureofTao’introductioninthebook
　　OnethingworthiesmentioningisthatthewaytheauthorintroducestraditionalChineseculturetothewesttakestheformofnovel，inwhichhecreatesaseriesoftypicalandlivelycharactersandspecificthought。IfthetwobookswrittenbyLin，MyCountryandMyPeopleandTheArtofLivingintroduceChinesetraditiontothewestintheformofprose，MomentInPekingthendescribesdetailedChinesehistoricculturetothewestintheformofartimage。TheauthorappliesthewayofChinesetraditionalnovel，whichisoutofdatefortheChinese，butisnewandnovelforthewesternpeople。Therefore，asforthetypeofthebook，itisanovelofmorethan70，000words。Whydidtheauthorwritethebookbytheformofnovel？Heascribesittothefeaturesofthetypeofnovel。Comparingwithothertypes，thetypeofnovelhasartisticappealthatistostrikerootintheheartsofreaders。So，hethinksthereisnotbetterformthannovelthatissovividthatcanmakereaderseemtobeparticipating。Thenovelislikeasilentguiderwhoshowsthewesternpeopletoappreciatevariousscenesatrender。
　　AsforTao，akindoftraditionalthoughtofChinaistotallynewtothewesternpeople。Itishardtounderstandforthem。Foritiskindofabstractthought，whichwasproducedthousandsofyearsago。Itwasexpressedintheclassicalliterarystyle。Howdidtheauthordealwiththis？Firstly，theauthortranslatedtheancientChineseproseintomodernandeasyEnglish。Itembodiedinthestructureofthenovel。Thenovelwaspidedintothreesections。EachsectionbeganwithapassageextractfromZhuangtse。ThefirstsectionbeganwiththeextractfromtheMaster。Itsoriginalcontentisthat在太极之先而不为高，在六极之下而不为深，先天地生而不为久，长于上古而不为老。TheauthortranslateditintothatToTao，thezenithisnothigh，northenadirnow；nopointintimeislongago，norlapseofageshasitgrownoldThesecondsectionbeganwiththeextractfromtheessayonRelativitybyChuangtse。Itsoriginalcontentisthat梦饮酒者，旦而哭泣；梦哭泣者，旦而田猎，是旦暮遇之也。TheauthortranslateditintothatThosewhodreamoflamentationandsorrowwaketojointhehunt。Thisisaparadox。Tomorrowasagemayarisetoexplainit；butthattomorrowwillnotbeuntiltenthousandsgenerationshavegoneby。Yetyoumaymeethimanydayjustaroundthecomer。ThethirdsectionbeganwiththeextractfromTheNorthernTravelsOfKnowledgebyChuangtse。Itoriginalcontentisthat故万物一也，是其所美者为神奇，其所恶者为臭腐；是腐烂腐化为神奇，神奇复化为臭腐。TheauthortranslateditintothatThereforeallthingsareone。Whatweloveisthemysteryoflife。Whatwehateiscorruptionindeath。Butthecorruptibleinitsturnbecomesmysteriouslife，andthismysteriouslifeoncemorebecomescorruptible。Comparingtheoriginalcontentswiththetranslation。WecanseethatLinYutangspreadTaoexactlyaccordingtohisthoroughunderstanding。
　　Secondly，theauthorintroducedTaoismthroughcomparingittoConfucianisminthebook。Hedistinguishesthetwokindsofthoughtaccordingtohisownspecificunderstanding：TaoismandsciencewerethetwogreatenthusiasmofMr。Yao，andweresomehowcompletelyharmonizedinhismind。Perhapsthiswasnatural，becauseTaoismshowedaninterestinnature，itsendlessprocessionoftheseasons，itslawsofgrowthanddecay，thepersityofitscreaturesandthemysteryoftheinfiniteandtheinfinitesimal。Itscosmoswasacosmosofchangeandfluxandinteractionbetweenconflictingforces，obeyingthesilentlawsofanimpersonal，nameless，speechlessgodwithshouldnothavebeennamedatall，butwhichtheTaoistswereforcedtocallbythenameof‘Tao’，whileinsistingthatitwasunnamedandunnamable。Mr。Yao’sideawasthatwithWesternsciencenowopeningupthemysteriesofnature，Lifu，asayoungman，shouldnotmisstheopportunityofdelvingintothenewdiscoveries。〔18〕Atthebeginningofthispassage，theauthorrevealedclearlynaturaldistinguishmentinashortsentencethatisTaoismshowedaninterestinnature，Confucianismwasinterestonlyinhumanrelationships，inliteratureandhistory。Andthenheexplainsitconcretely。AtlasthestatesthatthechangeandinteractionofthenaturefollowsalltheruleofTao。Inaword，LinYutangsucceededincreatingakindofartatmospherefullofbothinterestofEnglishandChinesespirit，whichthewesternreadersacquiretheChineseculturebyarealandperfectEnglish。
　　Conclusion
　　MomentinPekingiswhollycoveredwiththephilosophyofChuangtse。TheauthorLinYutangthinks，themostidealChinesescholaristheonewhotakeslifephilosophicallyonthebasisofwisdomandinsight。Thiskindofphilosophycangenerateamagnanimousmind，whichmakesapersonliveshislifewithansoftattitude，discardingpositionandwealthandlivingahappyandsatisfactorylife。Meanwhile，thiskindofphilosophyalsocreatesperceptionoffreedom，favorofunconventionalandunrestrainingandattitudeofloftinessandindifference。Onlyoneownssuchkindoffreedomandindifferencecanheenjoythehappylifeardently。ThisissocalledrealTao。Thetwomaincharactersareinoculatedwiththeauthorsidealoflife。SuchkindofidealisalsothezenithoflifethescholarofChinahasbeenpursuingforthousandsofyears。
　　AlthoughTaothoughtswascreatedinaparticularperiodandhaditsonlimitation，theattitudetowardslifephilosophically，cherishinglife，theideaoftreatinglifeatomicallyandmagnanimousmindmakegreatsenseofenlightenersandhaveunfailingvalueofenlightening。Inall，thoughtsofTaoSchoolwillnotvanishwiththepayingoftimes，itsthoughtsofTaoandremarkofwisdomwillbesuretoproducecompletelynewandgainthewholenewexplanationofmeaninginthenewtimesandcenturies。
　　Bibliography
　　〔4〕陈朝旭。从姚木兰的形象看林语堂的悲剧意识和快乐哲学〔J〕。黎明职业大学学报，2005，6（2）：P19。
　　〔5〕LinYutang。MyCountryandMyPeople〔M〕。Peking：ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress，2000，p114。
　　〔6〕同〔5〕，P114115。
　　〔7〕LaoTzu。TaoTeChing〔M〕。Peking：ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress，1998，P91。
　　〔8〕同〔7〕，p120。
　　〔9〕LinYutang。MomentinPeking〔M〕。Peking：ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress，1999，p7。
　　〔10〕同〔9〕，P11。
　　〔11〕同〔9〕，P365。
　　〔12〕同〔9〕，P365。
　　〔14〕同〔7〕，P168。
　　〔15〕同〔9〕，P5。
　　〔18〕同〔9〕，P603。