用Python实现扫雷小游戏

　　作者：野客
　　来源：Python 技术
　　扫雷是一款益智类小游戏，最早于 1992 年由微软在 Windows 上发行，游戏适合于全年龄段，规则简单，即在最短的时间内找出所有非雷格子且在中间过程中不能踩到雷， 踩到雷则失败，需重新开始。
　　本文我们使用 Python 来实现扫雷游戏，主要用的 Python 库是 pygame。  实现
　　游戏组成比较简单，主要包括：小方格、计时器、地雷等。
　　首先，我们初始化一些常量，比如：横竖方块数、地雷数、鼠标点击情况等，如下所示：  BLOCK_WIDTH = 30 BLOCK_HEIGHT = 16 # 块大小 SIZE = 20 # 地雷数 MINE_COUNT = 66 # 未点击 normal = 1 # 已点击 opened = 2 # 地雷 mine = 3 # 标记为地雷 flag = 4 # 标记为问号 ask = 5 # 踩中地雷 bomb = 6 # 被双击的周围 hint = 7 # 正被鼠标左右键双击 double = 8 readied = 1, started = 2, over = 3, win = 4
　　接着定义一个地雷类，类中定义一些基本属性（如：坐标、状态等）及 get、set 方法，代码实现如下：  class Mine:     def __init__(self, x, y, value=0):         self._x = x         self._y = y         self._value = 0         self._around_mine_count = -1         self._status = normal         self.set_value(value)     def __repr__(self):         return str(self._value)     def get_x(self):         return self._x     def set_x(self, x):         self._x = x     x = property(fget=get_x, fset=set_x)     def get_y(self):         return self._y     def set_y(self, y):         self._y = y     y = property(fget=get_y, fset=set_y)     def get_value(self):         return self._value     def set_value(self, value):         if value:             self._value = 1         else:             self._value = 0     value = property(fget=get_value, fset=set_value, doc=＂0:非地雷 1:雷＂)     def get_around_mine_count(self):         return self._around_mine_count     def set_around_mine_count(self, around_mine_count):         self._around_mine_count = around_mine_count     around_mine_count = property(fget=get_around_mine_count, fset=set_around_mine_count, doc=＂四周地雷数量＂)     def get_status(self):         return self._status     def set_status(self, value):         self._status = value     status = property(fget=get_status, fset=set_status, doc=＂BlockStatus＂)
　　再接着定义一个 MineBlock 类，用来处理扫雷的基本逻辑，代码实现如下：  class MineBlock:     def __init__(self):         self._block = [[Mine(i, j) for i in range(BLOCK_WIDTH)] for j in range(BLOCK_HEIGHT)]         # 埋雷         for i in random.sample(range(BLOCK_WIDTH * BLOCK_HEIGHT), MINE_COUNT):             self._block[i // BLOCK_WIDTH][i % BLOCK_WIDTH].value = 1     def get_block(self):         return self._block     block = property(fget=get_block)     def getmine(self, x, y):         return self._block[y][x]     def open_mine(self, x, y):         # 踩到雷了         if self._block[y][x].value:             self._block[y][x].status = bomb             return False         # 先把状态改为 opened         self._block[y][x].status = opened         around = _get_around(x, y)         _sum = 0         for i, j in around:             if self._block[j][i].value:                 _sum += 1         self._block[y][x].around_mine_count = _sum         # 如果周围没有雷，那么将周围 8 个未中未点开的递归算一遍         if _sum == 0:             for i, j in around:                 if self._block[j][i].around_mine_count == -1:                     self.open_mine(i, j)         return True     def double_mouse_button_down(self, x, y):         if self._block[y][x].around_mine_count == 0:             return True         self._block[y][x].status = double         around = _get_around(x, y)         # 周围被标记的雷数量         sumflag = 0         for i, j in _get_around(x, y):             if self._block[j][i].status == flag:                 sumflag += 1         # 周边的雷已经全部被标记         result = True         if sumflag == self._block[y][x].around_mine_count:             for i, j in around:                 if self._block[j][i].status == normal:                     if not self.open_mine(i, j):                         result = False         else:             for i, j in around:                 if self._block[j][i].status == normal:                     self._block[j][i].status = hint         return result     def double_mouse_button_up(self, x, y):         self._block[y][x].status = opened         for i, j in _get_around(x, y):             if self._block[j][i].status == hint:                 self._block[j][i].status = normal
　　我们接下来初始化界面，首先生成由小方格组成的面板，主要代码实现如下：  for row in block.block:  for mine in row:   pos = (mine.x * SIZE, (mine.y + 2) * SIZE)   if mine.status == opened:    screen.blit(img_dict[mine.around_mine_count], pos)    opened_count += 1   elif mine.status == double:    screen.blit(img_dict[mine.around_mine_count], pos)   elif mine.status == bomb:    screen.blit(img_blood, pos)   elif mine.status == flag:    screen.blit(img_flag, pos)    flag_count += 1   elif mine.status == ask:    screen.blit(img_ask, pos)   elif mine.status == hint:    screen.blit(img0, pos)   elif game_status == over and mine.value:    screen.blit(img_mine, pos)   elif mine.value == 0 and mine.status == flag:    screen.blit(img_error, pos)   elif mine.status == normal:    screen.blit(img_blank, pos)
　　看一下效果：
　　再接着添加面板的 head 部分，包括：显示雷数、重新开始按钮（笑脸）、显示耗时，主要代码实现如下：  print_text(screen, font1, 30, (SIZE * 2 - fheight) // 2 - 2, ＂%02d＂ % (MINE_COUNT - flag_count), red) if game_status == started:  elapsed_time = int(time.time() - start_time) print_text(screen, font1, SCREEN_WIDTH - fwidth - 30, (SIZE * 2 - fheight) // 2 - 2, ＂%03d＂ % elapsed_time, red) if flag_count + opened_count == BLOCK_WIDTH * BLOCK_HEIGHT:  game_status = win if game_status == over:  screen.blit(img_face_fail, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y)) elif game_status == win:  screen.blit(img_face_success, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y)) else:  screen.blit(img_face_normal, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y))
　　看一下效果：
　　再接着添加各种点击事件，代码实现如下：  for event in pygame.event.get():  if event.type == QUIT:   sys.exit()  elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:   mouse_x, mouse_y = event.pos   x = mouse_x // SIZE   y = mouse_y // SIZE - 2   b1, b2, b3 = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()   if game_status == started:    # 鼠标左右键同时按下，如果已经标记了所有雷，则打开周围一圈；如果还未标记完所有雷，则有一个周围一圈被同时按下的效果    if b1 and b3:     mine = block.getmine(x, y)     if mine.status == opened:      if not block.double_mouse_button_down(x, y):       game_status = over  elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:   if y < 0:    if face_pos_x <= mouse_x <= face_pos_x + face_size       and face_pos_y <= mouse_y <= face_pos_y + face_size:     game_status = readied     block = MineBlock()     start_time = time.time()     elapsed_time = 0     continue   if game_status == readied:    game_status = started    start_time = time.time()    elapsed_time = 0   if game_status == started:    mine = block.getmine(x, y)    # 按鼠标左键    if b1 and not b3:     if mine.status == normal:      if not block.open_mine(x, y):       game_status = over    # 按鼠标右键    elif not b1 and b3:     if mine.status == normal:      mine.status = flag     elif mine.status == flag:      mine.status = ask     elif mine.status == ask:      mine.status = normal    elif b1 and b3:     if mine.status == double:      block.double_mouse_button_up(x, y)
　　我们来看一下最终实现效果：
　　总结
　　本文我们通过 Python 简单的实现了扫雷游戏，大家有兴趣的话，可以实际操作一下，看看自己能否排除全部的雷。