15个例子，掌握Python日期时间处理
日常工作中，用 Python 处理时间格式的数据是非常常见的，今天就来分享 DateTime 相关的示例。 1使用 time 模块展示当前日期和时间import time from time import gmtime, strftime t = time.localtime() print (time.asctime(t)) print(strftime(＂%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000＂, gmtime())) print(strftime(＂%A＂, gmtime())) print(strftime(＂%D＂, gmtime())) print(strftime(＂%B＂, gmtime())) print(strftime(＂%y＂, gmtime())) # Convert seconds into GMT date print(strftime(＂%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000＂, gmtime(1234567890)))
Output: Sun May 7 09:30:37 2017 Sun, 07 May 2017 04:00:37 +0000 Sunday 05/07/17 May 17 Fri, 13 Feb 2009 23:31:30 +0000 2将天、小时、分钟转换为秒SECONDS_PER_MINUTE = 60 SECONDS_PER_HOUR = 3600 SECONDS_PER_DAY = 86400 #Read the inputs from user days = int(input(＂Enter number of Days: ＂)) hours = int(input(＂Enter number of Hours: ＂)) minutes = int(input(＂Enter number of Minutes: ＂)) seconds = int(input(＂Enter number of Seconds: ＂)) #Calculate the days, hours, minutes and seconds total_seconds = days * SECONDS_PER_DAY total_seconds = total_seconds + ( hours * SECONDS_PER_HOUR) total_seconds = total_seconds + ( minutes * SECONDS_PER_MINUTE) total_seconds = total_seconds + seconds #Display the result print(＂Total number of seconds: ＂,＂%d＂%(total_seconds))
Output: Enter number of Days: 5 Enter number of Hours: 36 Enter number of Minutes: 24 Enter number of Seconds: 15 Total number of seconds: 563055 3使用 Pandas 获取当前日期和时间import pandas as pd print(pd.datetime.now()) print(pd.datetime.now().date()) print(pd.datetime.now().year) print(pd.datetime.now().month) print(pd.datetime.now().day) print(pd.datetime.now().hour) print(pd.datetime.now().minute) print(pd.datetime.now().second) print(pd.datetime.now().microsecond)
Output: 2018-01-19 16:08:28.393553 2018-01-19 2018 1 19 16 8 28 394553 4将字符串转换为日期时间对象from datetime import datetime from dateutil import parser d1 = ＂Jan 7 2015 1:15PM＂ d2 = ＂2015 Jan 7 1:33PM＂ # If you know date format date1 = datetime.strptime(d1, ＂%b %d %Y %I:%M%p＂) print(type(date1)) print(date1) # If you don＂t know date format date2 = parser.parse(d2) print(type(date2)) print(date2)
Output: class ＂datetime.datetime＂ 2015-01-07 13:15:00 class ＂datetime.datetime＂ 2015-01-07 13:33:00 5以毫秒为单位获取当前时间import time milliseconds = int(round(time.time() * 1000)) print(milliseconds)
Output: 15163642706506以 MST、EST、UTC、GMT 和 HST 获取当前日期时间from datetime import datetime from pytz import timezone mst = timezone(＂MST＂) print(＂Time in MST:＂, datetime.now(mst)) est = timezone(＂EST＂) print(＂Time in EST:＂, datetime.now(est)) utc = timezone(＂UTC＂) print(＂Time in UTC:＂, datetime.now(utc)) gmt = timezone(＂GMT＂) print(＂Time in GMT:＂, datetime.now(gmt)) hst = timezone(＂HST＂) print(＂Time in HST:＂, datetime.now(hst))
Output: Time in MST: 2017-01-19 06:06:14.495605-07:00 Time in EST: 2017-01-19 08:06:14.496606-05:00 Time in UTC: 2017-01-19 13:06:14.496606+00:00 Time in GMT: 2017-01-19 13:06:14.496606+00:00 Time in HST: 2017-01-19 03:06:14.497606-10:00 7从给定的日期当中获取星期几import datetime dayofweek = datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).strftime(＂%A＂) print(dayofweek) # weekday Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6 print(＂weekday():＂, datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).weekday()) # isoweekday() Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7 print(＂isoweekday()＂, datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).isoweekday()) dayofweek = datetime.datetime.today().strftime(＂%A＂) print(dayofweek) print(＂weekday():＂, datetime.datetime.today().weekday()) print(＂isoweekday()＂, datetime.datetime.today().isoweekday())
Output: Wednesday weekday(): 2 isoweekday() 3 Friday weekday(): 4 isoweekday() 5 8计算两个日期时间对象之间的时差import datetime from datetime import timedelta datetimeFormat = ＂%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f＂ date1 = ＂2016-04-16 10:01:28.585＂ date2 = ＂2016-03-10 09:56:28.067＂ diff = datetime.datetime.strptime(date1, datetimeFormat) - datetime.datetime.strptime(date2, datetimeFormat) print(＂Difference:＂, diff) print(＂Days:＂, diff.days) print(＂Microseconds:＂, diff.microseconds) print(＂Seconds:＂, diff.seconds)
Output: Difference: 37 days, 0:05:00.518000 Days: 37 Microseconds: 518000 Seconds: 300 9将 5 分钟添加到 Unix 时间戳import datetime import calendar future = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=5) print(calendar.timegm(future.timetuple()))
Output: 1621069619 10在 Python 中遍历一系列日期import datetime start = datetime.datetime.strptime(＂21-06-2020＂, ＂%d-%m-%Y＂) end = datetime.datetime.strptime(＂05-07-2020＂, ＂%d-%m-%Y＂) date_generated = [start + datetime.timedelta(days=x) for x in range(0, (end - start).days)] for date in date_generated: print(date.strftime(＂%d-%m-%Y＂))
Output: 21-06-2020 22-06-2020 23-06-2020 24-06-2020 25-06-2020 26-06-2020 27-06-2020 28-06-2020 29-06-2020 30-06-2020 01-07-2020 02-07-2020 03-07-2020 04-07-2020 11巴黎时间更改为纽约时间import pendulum in_paris = pendulum.datetime(2016, 8, 7, 22, 24, 30, tz=＂Europe/Paris＂) print(in_paris) in_us = in_paris.in_timezone(＂America/New_York＂) print(in_us)
Output: 2016-08-07T22:24:30+02:00 2016-08-07T16:24:30-04:00 12使用 Python 获得最后7个工作日from datetime import date from datetime import timedelta today = date.today() for i in range(7): d = today - timedelta(days=i) if d.weekday() < 5: print(d)
Output: 2021-05-18 2021-05-17 2021-05-14 2021-05-13 2021-05-12 13从今天的日期和一个人的生日推算年龄from datetime import date def calculate_age(born): today = date.today() try: birthday = born.replace(year=today.year) except ValueError: birthday = born.replace(year=today.year, month=born.month + 1, day=1) if birthday > today: return today.year - born.year - 1 else: return today.year - born.year print(calculate_age(date(2001, 3, 1)))
Output: 20 14获得本月的第一个星期二import calendar from datetime import datetime c = calendar.Calendar(firstweekday=calendar.SUNDAY) monthcal = c.monthdatescalendar(datetime.today().year, datetime.today().month) try: tues = [day for week in monthcal for day in week if day.weekday() == calendar.TUESDAY and day.month == datetime.today().month][0] print(tues) except IndexError: print(＂No date found＂)
Output: 2021-05-04 15将整数转换为日期对象from datetime import datetime i = 1545730073 timestamp = datetime.fromtimestamp(i) print(timestamp) print(type(timestamp))
Output: 2018-12-25 14:57:53
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