Python中的tkinter库简单案例详解

　　TKinter
　　Python 的 GUI 库非常多，之所以选择 Tkinter，一是最为简单，二是自带库，不需下载安装，随时使用，跨平台兼容性非常好，三则是从需求出发的，Python 在实际应用中极少用于开发复杂的桌面应用，毕竟，Python 的各种 GUI 工具包都＂一般得很＂，不具备优势。案例一Label & Button 标签和按钮import tkinter as tk    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂muy window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x100＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 var1 = tk.StringVar()  # 定义tk变量 l1 = tk.Label(window, textvariable=var1, bg=＂green＂, font=(＂Arial＂, 12), width=15, height=2)  # 设置标签，内容显示为var1变量 l1.pack()  # 摆放这个标签 hit_me1 = False def hit_me():     global hit_me1     if not hit_me1:         hit_me1 = True         var1.set(＂this is tk＂)  # 给变量赋值     else:         hit_me1 = False         var1.set(＂this is tk, too＂) b1 = tk.Button(window, text=＂hit me＂, width=15, height=2, command=hit_me)  # 点击按钮，运行hit_me这个函数 b1.pack() window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口案例二Entry & Text 输入和文本框import tkinter as tk    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂muy window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x150＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 e = tk.Entry(window, show=None)  # 如果输入密码的话，show=＂*＂ e.pack() def insert_point():     var = e.get()  # 得到文本输入框的值     t.insert(＂insert＂, var)  # 文本放到光标位置 def insert_end():     var = e.get()     t.insert(＂end＂, var)  # 将文本放到文本框的末尾     # t.insert(1.1, var)  # 将文本放到第一行第一列 b1 = tk.Button(window, text=＂insert point＂, width=15, height=2, command=insert_point).pack()  # 定义一个按钮，显示在光标位置插入文本 b2 = tk.Button(window, text=＂insert end＂, width=15, height=2, command=insert_end).pack()  # 在末尾出插入 t = tk.Text(window, height=2, width=15) t.pack()  # 注意不能一行写完，pack要写在下一行 window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口案例三Listbox 部件import tkinter as tk    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂muy window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x150＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 var1 = tk.StringVar() l = tk.Label(window, bg=＂yellow＂, width=4, textvariable=var1) l.pack() def print_selection():     var = lb.get(lb.curselection())  # 得到鼠标点击的内容     var1.set(var)  # 将值赋值给var1 b1 = tk.Button(window, text=＂insert point＂, width=15, height=2,                command=print_selection).pack()  # 定义一个按钮，显示在光标位置插入文本 var2 = tk.StringVar()  # 存储可迭代对象的值 var2.set((1, 2, 3, 4))  # 列表也可，设置初始值 lb = tk.Listbox(window, listvariable=var2) list_item = [1, 2, 11, 54] for i in list_item:     lb.insert(＂end＂, i)  # 向列表框中插入值 lb.delete(1)  # 删除下标索引为2的值 lb.pack() window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口案例四Radiobutton 选择按钮import tkinter as tk    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂muy window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x150＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 var1 = tk.StringVar() l = tk.Label(window, bg=＂yellow＂, width=15) l.pack() def print_selection():     l.config(text=f＂you have select {var1.get()}＂)  # 将text重新赋值 rad1 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text=＂select a＂, variable=var1, value=＂A＂,                       command=print_selection).pack()  # variable=var1, value=＂A＂ 的意思是，将var1赋值成A rad2 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text=＂select b＂, variable=var1, value=＂B＂, command=print_selection).pack() rad3 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text=＂select c＂, variable=var1, value=＂C＂, command=print_selection).pack() window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口	案例五Scale 尺度import tkinter as tk    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂muy window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x150＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 l = tk.Label(window, bg=＂yellow＂, width=15) l.pack() def print_selection(v):  # Scale调用函数，其有自动的传入值     l.config(text=f＂you have select {v}＂)       s = tk.Scale(window, label=＂try me＂, from_=5, to=11, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL,              length=200, showvalue=0, tickinterval=3, resolution=0.01, command=print_selection) # label设置名字，from to 设置刻度，orient设置方向，length设置长度，showvalue展示的值，tickinterval刻度，resolution精度 s.pack() window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口案例六Checkbutton 勾选项import tkinter as tk    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂muy window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x150＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 l = tk.Label(window, bg=＂yellow＂, width=15, text=＂empty＂) l.pack() def print_selection():  # Scale调用函数，其有自动的传入值     if (var1.get() == 1) & (var2.get() == 0):         l.config(text=＂i love python＂)     elif (var1.get() == 1) & (var2.get() == 1):         l.config(text=＂i love both＂)     elif (var1.get() == 0) & (var2.get() == 1):         l.config(text=＂i love C++＂)     else:         l.config(text=＂i don＂t love either＂) var1 = tk.IntVar() var2 = tk.IntVar() cl = tk.Checkbutton(window, text=＂Python＂, variable=var1, onvalue=1, offvalue=0                     , command=print_selection)  # 选择var1的值为1，否则为0 c2 = tk.Checkbutton(window, text=＂C++＂, variable=var2, onvalue=1, offvalue=0                     , command=print_selection) cl.pack() c2.pack() window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口案例七Canvas 画布import tkinter as tk    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂muy window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x200＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 canvas = tk.Canvas(window, bg=＂blue＂, height=100, width=200) image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file=r＂D:programmewebweb_fileweb学习imagesimage01.jpg＂)  # 注意，只能导入.gif的图片 image = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor=＂nw＂, image=image_file).pack()  # 锚点为左上角，西北方向 x0, y0, x1, y1 = 20, 50, 80, 80 line = canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x1, y1)  # 画线 oval = canvas.create_oval(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=＂red＂)  # 绘制扇形 arc = canvas.create_arc(x0 + 30, y0 + 30, x1 + 30, x1 + 30, y1 + 30, start=0, extent=180)  # 扇形 rect = canvas.create_rectangle(100, 30, 100 + 20, 30 + 20)  # 绘制正方形 canvas.pack() def moveit():     canvas.move(rect, 0, 2)  # 移动正方形，使其往下走两个单位 a = tk.Button(window, text=＂move＂, command=moveit).pack() window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口案例八Menubar 菜单import tkinter as tk    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂my window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x200＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 count = 0 l = tk.Label(window, text=＂＂, bg=＂yellow＂) l.pack() def do_job():     global count     l.config(text=f＂do{str(count)}＂)     count += 1 ＂＂＂定义文件选项＂＂＂ mb = tk.Menu(window) file = tk.Menu(mb, tearoff=0)  # 有没有分隔线 mb.add_cascade(label=＂File＂, menu=file)  # 添加一个功能 file.add_command(label=＂New＂, command=do_job)  # 每一个选项都是一个功能，命令 file.add_command(label=＂Open＂, command=do_job) file.add_command(label=＂Save＂, command=do_job) sm = tk.Menu(file)  # 在File里面继续添加命令 file.add_cascade(label=＂Submit＂, menu=sm) sm.add_command(label=＂New＂, command=do_job) window.config(menu=mb)  # 将菜单添加到window上面 window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口案例九Frame 框架import tkinter as tk    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂my window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x200＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 tk.Label(window, text=＂on the window＂).pack() # 添加框架 fm = tk.Frame(window) fm.pack() fm_1 = tk.Frame(fm) fm_r = tk.Frame(fm) fm_1.pack(side=＂left＂) fm_r.pack(side=＂right＂) tk.Label(fm_1, text=＂on the frame_1＂).pack() tk.Label(fm_r, text=＂on the frame_r＂).pack() window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口 案例十messagebox 弹窗import tkinter as tk import tkinter.messagebox    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂my window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x200＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 def hit_me():     tk.messagebox.showinfo(title=＂hi＂, message=＂hit＂)  # 注意，要导入模块，还有showwarning, showerror, ＂＂＂ tkinter.messagebox.askokcancel(＂提示＂, ＂要执行此操作吗＂)#确定/取消，返回值true/false tkinter.messagebox.askquestion(＂提示＂, ＂要执行此操作吗＂)#是/否，返回值yes/no tkinter.messagebox.askyesno(＂提示＂, ＂要执行此操作吗＂)#是/否，返回值true/false tkinter.messagebox.askretrycancel(＂提示＂, ＂要执行此操作吗＂)#重试/取消，返回值true/false 文件对话框 import tkinter.filedialog a = tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename()#返回文件名 print(a) a = tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfile()#会创建文件 a = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename()#返回文件名 a = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfile()#返回文件流对象 a = tkinter.filedialog.askdirectory()#返回目录名 a = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilenames()#可以返回多个文件名 a = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfiles()#多个文件流对象       tk.Button(window, text=＂hit me＂, command=hit_me).pack() window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口案例十一pack grid place 放置import tkinter as tk    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂my window＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂200x200＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 # tk.Label(window, text=＂pack＂).pack(side=＂top＂) # tk.Label(window, text=＂pack＂).pack(side=＂bottom＂) # tk.Label(window, text=＂pack＂).pack(side=＂left＂) # tk.Label(window, text=＂pack＂).pack(side=＂right＂) # for i in range(4):  # 行 #     for j in range(3):  # 列 #         tk.Label(window, text=＂grid＂).grid(row=i, column=j, padx=10, pady=10)  # 以方格的形式放置 tk.Label(window, text=＂place＂).place(x=100, y=100, anchor=＂nw＂)  # 点的形式 window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口登录窗口import tkinter as tk import tkinter.messagebox    window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tk window.title(＂login＂)  # 设置标题 window.geometry(＂450x300＂)  # 设置窗口的大小 user_info = [{＂name＂: ＂admin＂, ＂pwd＂: ＂1＂}, {＂name＂: ＂user＂, ＂pwd＂: ＂1＂}]  # 存储账号信息 # 定义函数 def login():     user_info_name = [i[＂name＂] for i in user_info]     user_info_pwd = [i[＂pwd＂] for i in user_info]     user_name = var_user_name.get()     user_pwd = var_pwd.get()     if user_name in user_info_name:         if user_pwd == user_info_pwd[user_info_name.index(user_name)]:             tk.messagebox.showinfo(title=＂欢迎回来＂, message=＂How are you＂)         else:             tk.messagebox.showerror(message=＂pwd error＂)     else:         answer = tk.messagebox.askquestion(title=＂warn＂, message=＂您还没有账号，是否需要注册？＂)         if answer:             sign() def sign():     def store():         new_pwd1 = new_pwd.get()         new_user_name1 = new_user_name.get()         user_info.append({＂name＂: new_user_name1, ＂pwd＂: new_pwd1})         tk.messagebox.showinfo(message=＂注册成功＂)         window_sign.destroy()  # 关闭窗口     def close():         window_sign.destroy()     window_sign = tk.Toplevel(window)  # 窗口上的窗口     window_sign.geometry(＂350x200＂)     window_sign.title(＂Sign up window＂)     # user     tk.Label(window_sign, text=＂Name:＂).place(x=60, y=60)     new_user_name = tk.StringVar()  # 注意要使用.get()得到值     new_user_name.set(＂exampe@python.com＂)  # 默认值     tk.Entry(window_sign, textvariable=new_user_name).place(x=90, y=60)  # 输入用户名     # pwd     tk.Label(window_sign, text=＂Pwd:＂).place(x=60, y=100)     new_pwd = tk.StringVar()     tk.Entry(window_sign, textvariable=new_pwd, show=＂*＂).place(x=90, y=100)  # 输入密码     # 确认按钮     tk.Button(window_sign, text=＂确认＂, command=store).place(x=100, y=140)     # 取消按钮     tk.Button(window_sign, text=＂取消＂, command=close).place(x=170, y=140) if __name__ == ＂__main__＂:           tk.Label(window, text=＂User Name:＂).place(x=50, y=50)     var_user_name = tk.StringVar()  # 注意要使用.get()得到值     var_user_name.set(＂exampe@python.com＂)  # 默认值     tk.Entry(window, textvariable=var_user_name).place(x=130, y=50)  # 输入用户名     tk.Label(window, text=＂Password:＂).place(x=50, y=90)     var_pwd = tk.StringVar()     tk.Entry(window, textvariable=var_pwd, show=＂*＂).place(x=130, y=90)  # 输入密码     # login Button     tk.Button(window, text=＂Login＂, command=login).place(x=130, y=130)  # 登录按钮     # sign Button     tk.Button(window, text=＂Sign Up＂, command=sign).place(x=200, y=130)  # 注册按钮     window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口