高二英语模块五ampnbspUnit3语言知识教学案

　　m5u3语言知识
　　1、a recent announcement by scientists that they have successfully cloned the first human embryo has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world.
　　该句中that引导同位语从句，作名词announcement的同位成份。
　　同位语从句通常放在fact, news, promise, idea, truth, suggestion, word, belief, decision, doubt等词后面，对前面的名词作进一步修饰，限制或说明。引导同位语从句的词除that外；还有连接副词how, when, where, why等。
　　①have you any idea ?
　　(公司发生了什么事吗？)
　　②word came from mary .
　　(会议昨天已被推迟)
　　③he didn’t give me any advice .
　　(我该如何解决这道数学题)
　　④he gave me a suggestion / proposal .
　　(我该多专心于学习)
　　2、on the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable tissues and organs that could be used to save human lives.
　　这是一个复合句，第一个that引导一个宾语从句，而在宾语从句中又包含一个条件状语从句；第二个that引导一个定语从句，修饰tissues and organs.
　　①my father promised .
　　(假如我通过考试，他会给我买一新自行车)
　　②my father made a promise .
　　(假如我通过考试，他会给我买一新自行车)
　　on (the) one hand…on the other hand…
　　一方面……另一方面……前一个the可以省略，后一个the不能省略。
　　i want to go on a trip. on (the) one hand i like it ; (另一方面我有钱)
　　英语中常用的表示列举的词汇还有:
　　for one thing,…for another 首先…其次…
　　first(ly), … second(ly) … 第一…第二…
　　3、on the other hand, many people , including some scientists, disagree and fear that if mankind interferes with nature in this way, they may be on their way to producing a real- life franklin’s monster.
　　on one’s/ the way to doing即将要做某事
　　on one’s way + n.在……路上
　　on the way + adv.在……途中
　　the way to do / of doing做……方法
　　①he is on the way (即将成为一名优秀的老师).
　　②how do you find the way they think of (解决这个问题)?
　　③don’t be angry , they are (在回家的路上).
　　相关短语互译：
　　in a way 挡路；碍事 决不；决非
　　顺便说一句 in this/ that way by the way
　　by way of make one’s way feel one’s way
　　fight one’s way push one’s way lead the way
　　迷路
　　4、while cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are – already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.
　　while引导一个让步状语从句，意思是＂尽管＂；so as to deliver=in order to deliver… 动词不定式表目的。
　　写出下列各句的while的意思。
　　① while i accept that he is not perfect , i do actually like the person.
　　②john came in while i was typing a letter.
　　③some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
　　④you don’t have to worry while we are here .
　　push ahead with 推进；推行
　　it is hard (这样一个政策是很难推行下去的)
　　相关短语：
　　push sth. forward  go ahead
　　ahead of time  ahead of
　　译：1、他在我前面五米远跑着。
　　2、你得提前两天请假。
　　deliver 在这里的意思是＂接生，使分娩＂，该词还有＂投递；释放；表达＂等意思。
　　①the morning mail .(刚刚投递出去)
　　②the speech (deliver) by the professor was so moving.
　　③her baby (被接生)by an experienced doctor.
　　相关短语：
　　deliver sth. to sb. deliver a message / a letter / deliver a speech.
　　5、if i had the chance, i would have a cloned baby tomorrow.本句为if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，表示不可能实现的情况。
　　①if i (come) here yesterday, i would have seen him.
　　②if i (be) a teacher, i (be)strict with my students.
　　③if it (snow) tomorrow , they (not/ go)out.
　　注意：上面三句如果去掉if，从句则要部分倒装。将助动词或情态动词置于句首。例：
　　① i a teacher, i would be strict with my students.
　　② (如果你那时听我的话)，
　　you wouldn’t have made the mistake.
　　注意：有时虚拟条件不用从句，而用介词(without , but for 等)或上下文暗示条件来表示。
　　①what a kind teacher! but for his help , i my study.
　　a. wouldn’t finishb. wouldn’t have finished
　　c. shouldn’t have finishedd. mustn’t have finished
　　②without air , we (can / live).
　　6、we could produce monster, or even a superhuman race that could one day end up replacing us.
　　end up＂以……而告终＂后接现在分词，类似短语有end up with / in后一般加名词。
　　①if you continue like this, you will end up (lift) a stone only to have it drop on
　　your own foot.
　　②wasteful people usually (陷入债务)
　　③our party (以一首英文歌结束).
　　replace vt. 代替，取代，放回，置于原处
　　①replace a dictionary on the shelf .
　　②can anything ? (取代母亲的爱和关怀吗？)
　　表示＂代替＂的词或词组：instead / instead of / in place of sb. / in sb’s place / take the place of sb.
　　7、not everything that is best for nature is good for people.此句是部分否定。
　　英语中的all, both, each, everybody, everything, complete, always, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示＂不都，并非都＂的意思。
　　译：①he does not always play football.
　　②no both brothers are here.
　　③everything isn’t ready.
　　④all of them are not here.
　　全部否定的词有：no , none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one , nowhere, no more, no way等。
　　①—an athlete can not play his best in competitions.
　　—yes, it depends upon his mental and physical state.
　　a. everb. sometimesc. alwaysd. never
　　②i agree with most of what you said, but i don’t agree with .
　　a. everythingb. anythingc. somethingd. nothing
　　8、the developing and developed countries of the world need to work together to ensure that people enjoy healthy and productive lives, without the environment around them suffering.
　　不定式短语to ensure作目的状语，that引导的从句作ensure的宾语，without引导的介词复合结构作状语。
　　介词with/ without+宾语+宾补结构如下：
　　with +n. / pron. + adj.
　　with +n. / pron. + adv.
　　with +n. / pron. +介词短语
　　with +n. / pron. +动词—ed形式
　　with +n. / pron. +动词— ing形式
　　with +n. / pron. +动词不定式
　　with +n. / pron. +n.
　　①the old man had to stay in the station, /
　　(口袋里没有一分钱)
　　② (作业做好了), peter went out to play.
　　③ (有许多作业要做), peter can’t go out to play.
　　④i couldn’t do my homework with all that noise .
　　a. going onb. goes onc. went ond. to go on
　　⑤with a stick (小棍是我唯一的武器), i fought against the thief.
　　⑥ (有那小男孩带路), we had no difficulty finding her home.
　　⑦i like sleeping (窗户开着)and (灯关了).
　　9. the very genes that make crops resistant to pests and disease could be harmful to animals.
　　＂very＂在这里是形容词，意思是＂同一的，正是的＂如：
　　①these are the words he used . 这就是他的原话。
　　② (这正是我昨天丢失的手机).
　　10.would anyone say that economic development should be stopped in favour of nature?
　　短语in favour of 意思是＂有利于；赞同。＂后接名词、代词或动名词。
　　①we are (赞成改革).
　　②i talked to my friend about it , and he’s all .
　　(赞同放弃这个计划)
　　相关短语：
　　in sb’s favour ask sb. a favour
　　do sb. a favour
　　答 案
　　1、①what has happened in the company. www.xkb1.com
　　②that the meeting had been put off.
　　③how i should solve this maths problem.
　　④that i should concentrate more on my studies.
　　2、①that if i passed the exam, he would buy me a new bike.
　　②that if i passed the exam, he would buy me a new bike.
　　on the other hand i have some money
　　3、①to becoming a good teacher
　　②to solve the problem
　　③on the way home
　　在某种程度上/妨碍/决不/在任何方面/用这种/那种方法/顺便问一下/经由/前进/摸索着前进/奋力前进/挤着前进/带路/迷路
　　4、①尽管；②当…时候；③然而；④只要
　　to push ahead with such a policy
　　提出某事/ 前进(请吧/用吧)/ 提前/ 在…之前(空间/ 时间)/(比…好)
　　①he was running 5 metres ahead of me.②you must are for leave 2 days ahead of time.
　　①has just been delivered②delivered③was delivered
　　5、had come;were / would be ;③should snow/ wouldn’t go
　　注意：were/had you listened to me注意：b. / couldn’t live
　　6、①lifting;②end up in debt③ended up with an english song
　　①把字典放回架子上②replace a mother’s love and care
　　7、①他并不是总打排球
　　②兄弟俩并不都在这
　　③并不是一切都准备好了
　　①c②a
　　8、①without any money in his pocket / with no money in his pocket.
　　②with his homework done.③with a lot of homework to do.
　　④a⑤my only weapon⑥with the little boy leading the way
　　⑦with the window open / with the light off
　　9、①very ②this is the very mobile phone i lost yesterday.
　　10、 ①in favour of the reform②in favour of giving up the plan