2021届高考英语单词及语言点总结6

　　高中英语选修六单词及语言点总结
　　单词总结
　　unit 1 art
　　一.单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇）
　　1.the word ＂honesty＂ is an a____________ noun.
　　2.which do you like better, his paintings or s______________?
　　3.there are many art g_____________ in new york.
　　4.they are put on an e______________ of french paintings next week.
　　5.an a________________ country is always ready to start a war
　　6.his a_______ is to be a successful writer.
　　7.you’ll soon be c____________ that she is right , though you think not now.
　　8.the prisoners a___________ to escape, but failed.
　　9.the keys are in the p________________ of the boss.
　　10.she was the f__________ of everyone’s attention at the party.
　　11.in the picture the tree is the s______________ of live while the snake stands for evil.
　　12.he has lost his b____________ in the god.
　　13.the expert p________ that there will be an earthquake in that area in the near future.
　　14.he made a r__________ drawing of a horse. (他画了一匹栩栩如生的马)
　　15.i’m afraid i have never been much of a ________________(学者).
　　16.you look r_______________ (可笑的)in those tight jeans.
　　17.the professor made a ______________ speech. ( 可能引起争议的)
　　18.was johnson _________ （同时代的）with shakespeare ?
　　19.would you please let me know your p_______________ address( 固定地址 ) ?
　　二．根据句意选择合适的词或词组的恰当形式填空。
　　focus on feel like look through in the flesh break away from scores of lead to a great deal in possession of consequently convince of full of on the other hand bunch
　　1.when she wore the dress, jane ___________ a princess.
　　2.they are _____________ urgent problems at present.
　　3.the thief managed to _____________________the policeman.
　　4.your explanation has _______ me _____ a clear understanding.
　　5.i was _________________ a magazine in the bedroom when she called me.
　　6.you can’t be __________________¬¬¬¬__ the house until all the papers have been sign.
　　7.i got up late and ___________ i was late for my plane for beijing.
　　8.i have __________ cds at home. would you like to come and enjoy some.
　　9.the film star looks thinner ________________ than in the photograph.
　　10.we should value it , because it has cost us ____________.
　　11. he hurried home, ________ fear.
　　12.we could’nt _____________ him _____ his mistake.
　　13.on one hand i valued his friendship, but ________________________ i disliked his self-pride and selfishness.
　　三. 句子翻译。
　　1.＂福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。＂
　　mr. foster has never been to china.______________, he knows very little about it.
　　2.他劝我应该学法律。
　　he ________________me that i should study law.
　　3.她有丰富的教学经验。
　　she has ___ _______ ________ _____ teaching experience.
　　4.足球比赛的比分是四比一。
　　the ________ in the football game was 4 - 1.
　　5.我们有相同的宗教信仰。
　　we share the same ______ .
　　unit 2 poems
　　一.单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇）
　　1.if you taste some seawater, you will find it s_________-
　　2.we must consider a problem in all it’s a___________.
　　3.she lives in a charming c_________ in the countryside.
　　4.li shizhen’s bencaogangmu has been t_____________ into many languages.
　　5.most girls like wearing a d__________ ring.
　　6.her face become red with__________(生气), and she couldn’t say anything.
　　7.the deep ________(悲伤) she felt was obvious in the expression of her face.
　　8.a voice came from _______(黑暗), but she couldn’t see anyone.
　　9.my friends were wearing two or three sweaters for extra _________(温暖).
　　10.if you are easy to get lost, you’d better take a ________(指南针)with you.
　　11.no word can c_______ my thanks to you at the moment.
　　12.we have learned a new sentence p_______ in this unit.
　　13.the ______(背诵) habit must be formed when you are young.
　　14.an _______(合适) method must be found to deal with such situation.
　　15._______(分析)the difficult sentences helps to understand the text well.
　　16.the music is written in a _______ (节奏) of three beats to a bar.
　　17.i’m ________ (等待) their reply.
　　18 the songs of birds ______ (唤醒) me.
　　19. don’t take it seriously, he was only ______ (开玩笑)
　　20.. english is a _______ (分支) of germanic family of languages.
　　二 . 根据句意选择合适的词或词组的恰当形式填空。
　　run away take one’s eye off make up of make sense stay up inspire run out of be popular with at least by chance go over take it easy
　　1.we should often _______ what we have learned, or we will forget it later.
　　2.as a matter of fact, not all the theories ________.
　　3.without saying anything, that boy _______quickly.
　　4.it’s bad for your health if you often ______ too late.
　　5.the little boy didn’t _________ the toy.
　　6.until now, we still haven’t know what kind of thing _________it.
　　7.that beautiful song _________ the teenagers.
　　8.whatever the result may be, _______ we should try our best to do it.
　　9.perhaps everyone can make a serious mistake_______.
　　10.if we continue to destroy and waste the natural resources like this, we will ______it sooner or later
　　11.______, it isn’t so bad as you expected.
　　12.his noble example ________ the rest of us to work harder.
　　unit 3 a healthy life
　　一.单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇）
　　1.the accident is d_____ to your careless driving.
　　2.my children have become hopelessly a_________ to television.
　　3.she found it necessary to a__________ her child to getting up early.
　　4.he was a_______ of his body so he decided to go on a diet and do more exercise.
　　5.with exams only a week away, i am under a lot of s_____.
　　6.m______ health is as important as physical health.
　　7.now that i am p________， i eat a good diet because i want my baby to be born healthy.
　　8.so i did the wrong thing! well, nobody is _________(完美的)
　　9.my father has q_____ smoking.
　　10.the door opened _______(自动地) as we approached.
　　11.some ______ (年青人)have got into the habit of taking drugs.
　　12.in spite of the heavy rain, she m________ to get there on time.
　　二.根据句意选择合适的词或词组的恰当形式填空。
　　addicted to due to ashamed of decide on be accustomed to manage to at risk remind benefit from leave out get close to a great deal deal with
　　1.his father has become _________________ drugs.
　　2.i’m sorry for_______ the important point in your speech
　　3.his grandfather has _______________ life in the mountains from his childhood.
　　4.i benefited from my teacher’s advice
　　5.how do you______________ to carry such a heavy box?
　　6.these pictures ______ me of my school days.
　　7.i have ________________ buying a bike for my brother’s birthday.
　　8.you will be _________ , if you go on board in such bad weather.
　　9.his success is entirely _______ his hard work.
　　三. 句子翻译。
　　1.她名扬四海应归功于他的支持。
　　her worldwide fame is __________his support.
　　2.她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的好习惯。
　　she found it necessary to________ her child _________getting up early.
　　3.尽管戴着眼镜她还是不能看得很清楚。in spite of
　　she can’t see very well_________ her glasses.
　　4.今天好热啊, 我想去游泳。
　　it’s so hot today. i______________ going swimming.
　　5.那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯。
　　the girl has____________ the habit of playing with her hair while reading.
　　6.她一怀孕就戒了烟。
　　she __________smoking when she got pregnant.
　　unit 4 global warming
　　i．单词拼写
　　1.a _______(广泛传播的)flu epidemic affected eighteen western states.
　　2.there has been serious _______(分歧) between the two political over the question.
　　3.he couldn’t stand terrible english ________(气候).
　　4.the population had ________(减少) from about 8,300,000 in 1845 to less than 6,600,000in 1851.
　　5.the _______(平均数)of 3, 6and 9 is 6.
　　6.a child who can remember 3000 english words at the age of 3 would be called an unusual p_______.
　　7.the food was enough in q______, but not very good in quality,
　　8.though he is less than one year old, he is strong enough to walk s______.
　　9.the tsunamis(海啸) smashing into india ocean coastlines, which killed 125,000 people in 12 different countries was a terrible c________.
　　10.in c_____ of a terrible earthquake the whole city was destroyed.
　　ii. 词组活用
　　1.if she could _______ the condition there, we could take her.
　　2.they were ______ their military strength for a drive against the city.
　　3.your support will certainly ______ in our cause.
　　4.on the one hand, you accept her presents; ______, you are rude to the whole family. what really is your attitude to them.
　　5.you have made a few mistakes, but _____ you have done well.
　　unit 5 the power of nature
　　i. 单词拼写
　　1.the story ______(使兴奋)the little boy very much.
　　2.on hot days we often go _____(洗澡) in the river.
　　3.i can’t _____(评价) his ability without seeing his work.
　　4.i got into a _____(惊慌) when i found the door was locked.
　　5.the studied the german market to find the _____(可能性) there for investment.
　　6.it was a cold, wet day and the children were b_____.
　　7.it’s many years since mount vesuvius e_______.
　　8.he drew f______ animals with two heads and large wings.
　　9.i’m a______ to get home to open my presents.
　　10.they had to c_____ tomorrow’s football match because of the bad weather.
　　ii. 词组活用
　　1._______ most woman, she was indeed very fortunate.
　　2.i’ll __________ to arrive on time.
　　3.he ___________ the list and chose one immediately.
　　4.with these words, the speaker _________ towards the exit of the hall.
　　5.you are _______ in trusting him.
　　keys :
　　uint 1
　　一.单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇）
　　1.abstrcat 2.sculptures 3.gallerys 4.exhibition 5.aggressive 6.aim 7.convinced 8.attempted 9.possession 10.focus 11.symbol 12.belief 13.predict 14.realistic 15.schoolar 16.rediculous 17.controversial 18.contemporary 19.permanent
　　二 . 根据句意选择合适的词或词组的恰当形式填空。
　　1.felt like 2,focusing on 3.break away from 4.led to 5.looking through 6.in possession of 7.consequently 8.scores of 9.in the flesh 10.a great deal 11.full of 12.convinced 13.on the other hand
　　三. 句子翻译。
　　1. consequently 2.convinced 3.a great deal of 4.score 5.religion
　　unit 2
　　一.单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇）
　　1.salty 2.aspects 3.cottage 4.translated 5,diamond 6.anger 7.sorrow 8.darkness 9.warmth 10.compass 11.convey 12.pattern 13.recite 14. appropriate 15.analyzing 16.rhytm 17.awaiting 18.awoke 19.teasing 20.branch
　　二 . 根据句意选择合适的词或词组的恰当形式填空
　　1.go over 2.make sense 3.ran away 4.stay up 5.take his eye off 6.is made up of 7.is popular with 8.at least 9.by chance 10.run out of 11.take it easy 12.inspired
　　unit 3
　　一单词拼写
　　1.due 2.addicted 3.accustom 4.ashamed 5.stress 6. mental 7.pregrant 8.perfect 9.quit 10.automatically 11.adolescents 12.managed
　　二.根据句意选择合适的词或词组的恰当形式填空。
　　1.addicted to 2.leaving out 3.been accustomed to 4.a great deal 5.manage to 6.remind 7.decided on 8.at risk 9.due to
　　三. 句子翻译。
　　1. due to 2.accustom to 3. in spite of 4.feel like 5.got into 6.quitted
　　unit 4 global warming
　　i．单词拼写
　　1.widespread 2.disagreement 3.climate 4.decrease 5.average 6.phenomenon 7.quantity 8.steadily 9.catastrophe 10.consequence
　　ii. 词组活用
　　1.put up with 2.building up 3.make a difference 4.on the other hand 5.on the whole
　　unit 5
　　i. 单词拼写
　　1.exited 2.bathing 3.evaluate 4.panic 5.potential 6.bored 7.erupted 8.fantastic 9.anxious 10.cancel
　　ii. 词组活用
　　1.compared with 2.make an effort 3.glanced through 4.made his way 5.taking a risk
　　语言点总结
　　unit 1 art
　　word usage:
　　1.abstract adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence; hard to understand
　　n. abstract idea or quality; short account of the contents of a book
　　v. abstract sth(from sth): remove sth;separate sth(from sth);make written summary of
　　in the abstract=in genera=in a theoretical way 大体上,理论上,抽象地
　　1) we will consider this problem in the abstract.
　　2) they abstracted metal from ore.
　　3) could you make the abstract idea more clear?
　　2. belief n. 不可数，相信（in sb/sth）;可数，信仰，复数为 beliefs
　　believe v. believe sb/sth 相信某人所说的话/某事 believe in sb/sth trust sb信任某人 信仰（宗教等）
　　believable adj.可信的 unbelievable adj.难以置信的
　　believe it or not信不信由你 be beyond belief 难以置信
　　1) we hold /have the belief that we can overcome the difficulty.
　　2) we don’t believe in god. we believe in communism.
　　3. consequence n.后果，结果重要性 ; take the consequences承担后果
　　consequent adj. consequent on/upon 由…引起的,跟随发生的
　　consequently adv.as a result; therefore结果 因此 所以
　　in consequence of = as a result/consequence of=because of=thanks to/owing to
　　be of much/any/no consequence 有很大（任何，无）重要性
　　1) my car broke down and consequently i was late.
　　2) the farmers face the failure of crops consequent on the storm.
　　4. aim v. (sth)at sb/sth point or direct(weapon) towards an object
　　n. purpose; action of pointing or directing sth towards an object
　　1)he aimed his gun at a deer.
　　2)the main aim of the course is to improve students’ reading skills.
　　5. value n. worth of sth in terms of money values (pl)价值观
　　v. estimate the money value of sth;have a high opinion of sth/sb
　　valuable adj.worth much money有价值的贵重的valuables n.贵重物品
　　valueless adj. worthless无价值的 不重要的
　　invaluable adj 无法估价的 无价的
　　be of great value=be valuable； hold its value 保值
　　1) we paid a price that was well above the market value.
　　2) they value the machine at 1,000 yuan.
　　3) i value your advice. 4) the book is of great value
　　6. convince v. 1)make sb feel certain 2) persuade
　　convince sb(to do sth)说服某人（做某事）
　　convince sb +that从句/of sth 使某人确信某事
　　1) i managed to convince them that the story was true.
　　2) i have been trying to convince them to come with us.
　　7. possess v. have(sth) as one’s belongings; own; occupy
　　possession n. (u) state of possessing;ownership (pl) property
　　be in possession of have or control sth so that others are prevented from using it
　　be in the possession of =be owned by = be in one’s possession
　　take possession of become the owner or the occupier of
　　1)he was found in possession of dangerous drugs.
　　2)the company was in the possession of him after his fatherdied.
　　3) you should take good care of your personal possessions.
　　8. attempt v. make an effort to accomplish(sth ); try(to do sth)
　　n. act of attempting sth
　　attempt sth/to do sth/doing sth;
　　make an attempt to do sth/at doing sth
　　1) he attempted (made an attempt) to escape from prison.
　　2) they attempt a difficult task.
　　9. ridiculous adj. absurd ;ridiculously adv. ridiculousness n.
　　1) you look ridiculous in those tight jeans.
　　10. contemporary adj.(with sb/sth)belonging to the same time;modern
　　1) i am contemporary with tom.
　　2) we are studying contemporary literature.
　　11. permanent adj. lasting
　　1) the injury left him with a permanent limp.
　　useful expressions:
　　1. focus on: concentrate on/be absorbed in/be deep in/be lost in
　　focus…on… :adjust the focus of (a lens or the eye) to…;concentrate (one’s attention,etc) on…
　　1) this year the company has focused on improving its efficiency.
　　2) focus your camera on those trees.
　　3) please focus(fix) your minds/attention on the following question.
　　2. 许多的，大量的
　　后接不可数名词：a great deal of /a large amount of(large amounts of)/much 后接可数名词复数：many/a great many/a number of/dozens of/scores of后接可数名词单数：many a后接不可数名词或可数名词复数：a lot of(lots of)/plenty of/a large quantity of(large quantities of)/loads of
　　1) a large amount/quantity of money was spent on the bridge.
　　2) large amounts/quantities of food were on the table.
　　3.in the flesh: in physical bodily form; in person
　　1) his appearance in the flesh ended the rumours about his death.
　　2) i have got all her records but i have never seen her in the flesh.
　　4. lead to: 引起 造成 导致 通向 cause 引起（事故等）result in （主语是原因，宾语为结果）;lie in位于，在于result from由于（主语是结果，宾语为原因）
　　1) hard work leads to success and failure often lies in laziness.
　　2) the road leads to the station.
　　3) his careless driving led to/caused the accident.
　　5. 每（每隔）……天(年,月,日等)
　　every+基数词+名词复数 ; every+序数词+名词单数
　　1) take this medicine every four hours(fourth hour).
　　every few+名词复数 每几…，每隔……every other+名词单数 每隔一
　　6. worth adj/n worthy adj. worthwhile adj.
　　be worth +sth/doing; be worthy+of sth/of being done/to be done
　　it is worthwhile+to do sth/doing sth
　　1)the book is worth reading.
　　2)the book is worthy of being read.
　　3) it is worthwhile to read the book/reading the book.
　　unit 2 poems
　　word usage:
　　1.convey v sb/sth take(carry/transmit) sb/sth;sth(to sb) make(ideas,feelings,etc) known to another person.
　　1) how is water conveyed in that area?
　　2) i was so excited at the news that i could hardly convey feelings in words. 3) words convey meanings.
　　2.aspect n. particular part or feature of sth being considered; appearance or look; side of a building that faces a particular direction;
　　1) he has only considered one aspect of the problem.
　　2) her face had an angry aspect.
　　3) the house has a southern aspect.
　　3.tease v. make fun of/laugh at/play a trick on/play a joke on
　　1)stop teasing that cat.
　　4. translate vi&vt. sth(from sth/into sth) express( sth spoken or written) in another language or in simpler words.
　　1) he didn’t understand greek, so i offered to translate.
　　2) please translate this article into dutch.
　　5. branch n. arm-like pision of a tree; similar pision of a river,road,railway or mountain range; local office or shop belonging to a large firm or organization; subpision of a family,a subject of knowledge or a group of language
　　1)he climbed up the tree and hid among the branches
　　2)the shuangjiang river is a branch of the xijiang river.
　　3)the bank has branches in all parts of the country.
　　4)his uncle’s branch of the family emigrated to australia.
　　5)gynaecology is a branch of medicine.
　　6. transform vt&vi sth/sb(from sth)(into sth) completely change the appearance or character of sb/sth
　　transformation n.改变，改造 transformer n. 变压器
　　1)the magician transformed the piece of cloth into a rabbit.
　　2)heat can be transformed into power.
　　7. joy n. feeling of great happiness; joyful/joyous adj. joyless adj.
　　for joy 由于（觉得）高兴to one’s joy 令人高兴的是
　　1) he jumped for joy when he opened his present.
　　2) to our joy, we met the famous singer on the way there.
　　8. appropriate adj. for/to sth suitable, right and proper
　　v. take (sth) for one’s own use,especially without permission or illegally;
　　sth for sth put (esp money) on one side for a special purpose
　　1) sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding.
　　2) his formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion.
　　3) he was accused of appropriating club funds.
　　4) £5,000 has been appropriated for a new training scheme.
　　9. underline v. draw a line under(a word,etc); emphasize,stress;
　　1) you may underline any words that are new to you.
　　2) our teachers always underline the importance of discipline
　　useful expressions:
　　1． take it easy =take things easy指在心理上别紧张相当于don’t be nervous;而take one’s time 指在时间上不用慌张
　　1）——i feel nervous before the exam.
　　——take it /things easy. it won’t be too difficult for you to pass. 2) take your time, there’s enough time for you to get prepared before the trip.
　　2. run out of =use up某人用完某物；run out某物被用完主动表被动
　　类似：come up with某人提出某事come up某事被提出主动表被动
　　1) we have run out of all the money that we have.
　　2) i’ve to draw some money from the bank before our money runs out.
　　3) a serious and important question came up at yesterday’s conference
　　4) he came up with a new plan at yesterday’s conference.
　　3. make up组成；虚构，捏造；弥补；化妆 铺床，配制等
　　be made up of = consist of 由……组成
　　1) 60 students make up our class.
　　2) please make up a dialogue with these words.
　　3) nothing can make up for the loss of a child.
　　4) the medical team is made up of 10 doctors.
　　5）he often makes himself up before going to work.
　　4. day by day一天天地，逐日地，强调逐渐变化的过程，只作状语
　　day after day日复一日地，强调重复性,可作主语或状语
　　1）t he patient is recovering day by day.
　　2）day after day has passed, but still no news comes from him.
　　3）the lady has been looking after her sick mother day after day.
　　5. probable likely possible
　　likely与 probable的可能性接近，＂很有可能＂ possible意为有某种可能，实际上也许不能实现 句型：sb./sth. be likely to do sth. it is likely(for sb.)to do sth. it is likely +that-clause; it is probable +that-clause; it is possible (for sb.)to do sth. it is possible +that-clause
　　1) mr. wang is likely to make a speech in our school on sunday.
　　2) it’s likely/possible to carry out the plan in two weeks’ time.
　　3) it’s likely/probable/possible that a heavy rain will fall this afternoon
　　6. by chance = by accident = accidentally
　　1)i met one of my old friend at a party by chance the other day.
　　选修6 unit 3 a healthy life
　　word usage:
　　1. concern v. 涉及,影响,对…… 有关系;使关心,使挂念;有关,关于(表被动语态); n. 关心,挂念 show concern for对某人关心
　　concerned adj. 关心的 挂念的;(用于名词后)有关的
　　concerning prep. 关于 (比 about正式)
　　be concerned with sth. 与某事有关,涉及
　　be concerned about/for sth./that-clause对……担心/担忧
　　be concerned in sth.与……有牵连或对某事负有责任
　　concern oneself in /with/about sth.忙于某事, 关心某事
　　as far as sb./sth. is concerned 就某人/某事而言
　　1)this concerns us deeply.
　　2)don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you.
　　3)this book is primarily concerned with soviet-america relations during the cold war.
　　4)the president is deeply concerned about this issue.
　　5)she was concerned that she might get lost.
　　6)everyone who was concerned in the incident has now resigned.
　　7)there is no need to concern yourself with the matter;we are dealing with it.
　　8)present at the meeting were leading members of the departments concerned.
　　2.stress v. put stress or emphasis on , emphasize, underline
　　n. pressure or worry resulting from mental or physical distress; extra force used in speaking a particular word or syllable
　　1) he stressed the point the we should be punctual.
　　2) you stress the first syllable in ‘happiness’.
　　3) suffering from the stress of life, he had to work in a factory
　　3. manage vt&vi sth/to do sth run (a shop,busincess,factory,etc),
　　be in charge of; succeed in doing(sth.);cope(with sth.)
　　manage to do sth.设法做（成）某事（成功=succeed in doing
　　try to do sth. 尽力做某事（不一定成功）
　　1)jones manages a big department store here.
　　2)the repair is difficult but i can manage (it).
　　3)how did you manage to persuade him?
　　4. quit v. sth/doing sth. go away from(a place), leave; stop sth/doing sth.
　　1)he got his present job when he quitted school/ the army.
　　2)he has quitted smoking.
　　5. ashamed adj.feeling shame or embarrassment about sb./sth.
　　感到羞耻的 羞愧的 常用作表语；shameful可耻的 是贬义词; shy害羞的 羞怯的
　　be/feel ashamed of sb/sth/oneself 对……感到惭愧/羞愧 /尴尬
　　be/feel ashamed that…对……感到惭愧/羞愧 /尴尬
　　be/feel ashamed to be sth. 对……感到惭愧/羞愧 /尴尬
　　be/feel ashamed to do sth.因惭愧而不愿，因尴尬而勉强
　　1) he was deeply ashamed of his behaviour at the party.
　　2) his daughter looked such a mess that he was ashamed of her.
　　3)i’m ashamed to say that i lied to her.
　　6. produce v. 生产 出产 制造
　　n.不可数：（总称）产品；尤指农产品（agriculture/farm produce）
　　product n. (可数) 产品；
　　production n.（不可数）生产
　　productive adj. 生产的;多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的the productive forces; productive soil;a productive meeting/writer
　　1)this factory produces microchips.
　　2)the region produces over 50% of the country’s wheat.
　　3)our cat produced kittens last week.
　　4)the company will launch a new product on to the market.
　　5)production of the new aircraft will start next year.
　　7. especially adv ＂特别＂ ＂尤其＂，强调程度
　　specially 表示为了某个目的而＂特别地，专门地＂去做某事
　　1)i like swimming, especially in summer.
　　2)i come here specially to see you.
　　3)the books are specially designed for children.
　　4)i’m especially busy on sundays.
　　useful expressions:
　　1. due to 因为，归功于，由于（不能置于句首，）in consequence of ；as a result/ consequence of；because of；thanks to;owing to
　　1)my success is due to your help.
　　2)the accident was due to his careless driving.
　　2. be/become addicted to sth./doing sth. = addict oneself to对……有瘾，沉溺于
　　1)he became addicted to the drug.
　　2)he is addicted to reading books.
　　3. be/get /become accustomed to sth./doing sth = be/get /become used to sth./doing sth 习惯于
　　1）he used to live in the countryside,but now he has become accustomed/used to living in the city.
　　4. decide on sth.对……作出决定
　　1)i’ve decided on a new car.
　　5. in spite of 不管；不顾；尽管 = despite
　　1)in spite of(despite) the heavy snow, he managed to come.
　　6. get into陷入；染上
　　1) i’ve got myself into trouble.
　　2)how did she get into drugs/bad habits?
　　7. stand for 代表represent；支持，主张be for；容忍（常用于否定和疑问句=stand/bear/put up with）
　　1)wto stands for world trade organization.
　　2)which plan do you stand for?
　　3)i won’t stand for any more of your of rudeness.
　　8. feel like sth./doing sth.= would like sth./to do sth想，愿意
　　1）right now i feel like telling you the truth.
　　2）what would you like to do with it?
　　9. risk sth/doing sth 使冒险，冒……的危险
　　take risks(a risk) = run risks(a risk)冒险
　　at the risk of冒……的危险
　　run the risk of冒……的危险
　　at risk 处于危险之中
　　1) he risked (losing) his life to save her.
　　2)you have no right to take risks with other people’s lives.
　　3)that’s a risk i’m not prepared to take.
　　4)at the risk of losing his life, he saved the child in the fire.
　　5)he ran the risk of losing his life to save the child in the fire.
　　6)if we go to war, innocent lives will be put at risk.
　　10. do damage to = damage (v.) 伤害，损伤
　　do harm to = be harmful to=be bad for对……造成伤害/有害处
　　do good to sb. =do sb good= be good for sb.对……有好处
　　do wrong to冤屈，冤枉
　　be good to =be kind to对……好心
　　do well in =be good at擅长; be bad/poor at=be weak in不擅长
　　unit 4 global warming
　　word usage:
　　1. phenomenon n. pl phenomena fact or occurrence, especially in nature or society, that can be perceived by the senses
　　1)an eclipse of the moon is a rare phenomenon.
　　2)bankruptcy is a common phenomenon in an economic recession.
　　2. per prep.(used to express rates,prices,etc)for each(unit of time,length,etc)
　　1)rooms cost £50 per person, per night.
　　3. glance vi. look quickly at (sb./sth.) n. a quick look
　　glance at = take a glance at 匆匆一看；扫视
　　stare at 盯着看；凝视
　　glare at 瞪着眼看；怒目而视；怒视
　　1)she glanced shyly at the young fellow from behind.
　　2)they stood glaring at each other as if they were enemies.
　　4. decrease vt.&vi. become smaller or fewer;diminish;reduce
　　decrease/reduce…to/by…减小，降低到（了）；反义increase
　　1)student numbers have decreased by/to 500.
　　2)interest in the sport is decreasing.
　　5. steady adj. developing, growing, etc. gradually and in an even and regular way; not changing and not interrupted; firmly fixed supported or balanced; (of a person)sensible, who can be relied on; steadily adv.
　　1)we are making slow but steady progress.
　　2)i have a steady job in this city.
　　3)such fine work requires a good eye and a steady hand.
　　4)he is a steady young man/work.
　　5)the company’s exports have been increasing steadily.
　　6. exist vi. to be present in a place or situation; to live,especially in a difficult situation or with very little money.
　　existence n.存在 生存 came into existence产生
　　1)does life exist on other planets?
　　2)few of these monkeys still exist in the world.
　　3)pakistan came into existence as an independent country after the war.
　　useful expressions:
　　1. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. for/to sb.提供/供应某物给某人
　　provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.
　　offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
　　1) the school supplies books for/to the children.
　　2) we are here to provide a service for the public.
　　2. compare…to…把……比作
　　compare…with…把……和……比较
　　compared with/to与……相比（在句中常作状语）
　　compare with与某人/物相比
　　1)people often compare children to flowers.
　　2)if you compare her work with his,you’ll find hers is better.
　　3)compared with/to many women, she was indeed very fortunate
　　4)this can’t compare with that.
　　3. come about发生come across偶然遇到come out出版，（花）开
　　please tell me how the accident came about,i’m still in the dark.
　　4. build up 树立，逐步建立；增加；增进（健康）；集结
　　build up one’s health增进健康 build up a good reputation/fame树立良好的声誉；traffic is building up.车辆在增多
　　1) this built up my hope after the interview.
　　5. keep on sth/doing sth 继续/坚持做某事 表动作的反复，有停顿
　　keep doing sth一直不断地做某事 表动作的持续，无停顿
　　1) though it was raining, they kept on working until it was finished. 2) i kept standing in the train all the way.
　　6. on the whole = in the main =in the abstract大体上，基本上，总的来说
　　as a whole总体上，作为一个整体看待
　　1)on the whole, i am in favor of the idea.
　　7. make a difference有关系，有影响，有重要性
　　make some/no/any/not much/a great deal of difference（to…）颇有/没有/有些/没有多大/有很大影响（关系）
　　1)the rain didn’t make much difference to the game.
　　2)it makes no difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
　　8. make sense (of)有道理；有意义；讲得通；明白；是明智的
　　1) this sentence doesn’t make sense.
　　2) can you make sense of the poem?
　　3) it makes sense to buy the most up-to-date version.
　　9. put up with = stand = bear = stand for忍受， 容忍
　　1) we had to put up with the inconvenience.
　　10. so long as = as long as 只要；既然,由于
　　1) you may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
　　2) so long as there is a demand for these drugs, the financial incentive for drug dealers will be there.
　　11. up to as many as 多达;up till直到;胜任;正在干,从事着
　　1) i can take up to four in my car.
　　2) up to now he has been very quiet.
　　3) he’s not up to the job.
　　4) what’s she up to?
　　unit 5 the power of nature
　　word usage:
　　1.erupt vi.(of a volcano)suddenly throw out lava; to break out suddenly and violently
　　eruption n. outbreak of war, disease, volcano, etc
　　1)it’s many years since mount. vesuvius last erupted.
　　2)violence has erupted on the streets.
　　2. bore vt. to make sb. feel bored,especially by talking too much
　　bored adj.be(get) bored with sb./sth./doing sth.对…厌烦/倦
　　boring adj. not interesting令人厌烦/倦的a boring job/book
　　1)i’m not boring you, am i?
　　2)the children got bored with staying indoors.
　　3)he’s such a boring man.
　　3.excite vt. to make sb feel very pleased,interested,or enthusiastic
　　excited adj. be excited about/at/by sth be excited to do sth
　　exciting adj. causing great interest or excitement
　　excitement n. the state of feeling excited
　　excitedly adv.= in excitement兴奋地
　　excitingly adv.= to one’s excitemen令人兴奋地，令人兴奋的是
　　1)the prospect of staying a year in india greatly excited her.
　　2)he was very excited to be asked to play for wales.
　　3)an excited crowd of people gathered around her talking about the exciting film.
　　4)the news caused great excitement among her friends.
　　4. evaluate vt. to form an idea of the amount,value or quality of sth.
　　after thinking about it carefully; to value
　　evaluation n.( c, u)
　　1)i can’t evaluate his ability without seeing his work.
　　2)we’ve built up a preliminary evaluation of the health care system
　　5. fortune n.(u) 机会,运气；try one’s fortune ;seek one’s fortune
　　（c）财产,巨款make a fortune发财 a small fortune很多钱
　　fortunate adj. lucky 反义 unfortunate adj. unlucky
　　fortunately adj. luckily反义 unfortunately adj. unluckily
　　be fortunate to do sth(in having…)(for sb.)(that…)
　　1)i have had the good fortune to work with some top scientists.
　　2)he made a fortune in real estate.
　　3)i have been fortunate enough to visit many parts of the world.
　　4)i was fortunate in having a good teacher.
　　5)it was very fortunate for him that i arrived on time.
　　6. absolute adj. total and complete完全的，绝对的；definite and without any doubt or uncertainty肯定的;确实的，无疑的;不受限制的;不受约束的 absolute power /authority无上权力；独立的
　　absolutely adv.绝对地;完全地;独立地; 也可用于回答问题或用作评语，意为＂正是;当然对极了＂相当于 of course
　　1)i have absolute trust in him.
　　2)he taught us that the laws of physics were absolute.
　　3)there is no absolute standard for beauty.
　　4)he believes absolutely that the theory is right.
　　5)----aren’t you satisfied with the result?----oh absolutely.
　　7. potential adj. that can or may come into existence ;possible: a potential leader; in existence and capable of being developed or used: potential energy/power/resources
　　n. possibility of being developed or used; qualities that exist and can be developed
　　potentially adv.
　　1) the book is arguably a potential best seller.
　　2) he studied the german market to find the potential there for profitable investment.
　　8. impress vt.给予……深刻印象impressive adj. impression n.
　　impress sb.(with sth.) (以……) 给人深刻印象
　　be impressed by/with 对……印象深刻
　　impress sth./itself/themselves on(upon) sb.使某人铭记某物
　　make a strong/lasting impression on sb.给某人留下深刻印象
　　1) what impressed me most was that the manager was so kind.
　　2) he impressed every present with his courage.
　　3) i was impressed with/by the way he spoke english.
　　4) his words impressed themselves on my memory
　　5) his first speech as president made a strong impression on his audience.