2019届高考英语单元知识考点导学案

　　XX届高考英语顶尖学案：大纲版
　　unit 15　the necklace　项链
　　核心词汇
　　1．time is so ____________(宝贵的)that we can’t afford to waste it.
　　2．after years of hard work，the couple paid off all their ____________(债务)at last.
　　3．it’s ____________(傻的)of you to make the same mistake again.
　　4．slowly but ____________(无疑地)，the company is becoming successful again.
　　5．if he ____________(继续)stealing，he’ll end up in prison sooner or later.
　　6．i don’t like the colour of the coat；____________(此外)，it’s too expensive.
　　7．everyone can greatly improve the ______________(质量)of life in modern times.
　　8．the meeting will be ______________(参加)by finance ministers from many countries.
　　9．用explain的适当形式填空：
　　(1)it was a small book ____________ how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.
　　(2)they hope that they can find an ____________ for the attacks.
　　10．用recognize的适当形式填空：
　　(1)i decided to send my invention to the patent office to get ____________ for my successful idea.
　　(2)even when they wore sunglasses or beards people __________ them.
　　高频短语
　　1．________________　　　访问；号召；邀请
　　2．________________ 拿回来；使恢复
　　3．________________ 还清(债务等)；付清
　　4．________________ 把……表演出来；把……付诸行动
　　5．________________ 充当；担任
　　6．________________ 日日夜夜地
　　7．________________ 至多
　　8．________________ 试穿
　　9．________________ 在……中扮演角色(起作用)
　　10．________________ 提出/想出(计划、办法等)
　　1.call on　2.bring back　3.pay off　4.act out　5.act as 6.day and night　7.at most　8.try on　9.play a role in　10.come up with
　　重点句式
　　1．pierre and i ____________ a very good time at the ball.
　　皮埃尔和我在舞会上确实玩得很开心。
　　2．i’m sorry，but i ____________ i know you.
　　很抱歉，我想我不认识你。
　　3．years of hard work，very little food，only a small cold room ____________ and never，never a moment’s rest.
　　长年累月的艰苦劳动，食不裹腹，只有寒室一间，从来得不到片刻休息。
　　4．i was ____________ in my office who ____________.i’ve written to accept the invitation.
　　我是我们办公室唯一受到邀请的人，我已经回信接受邀请。
　　1.did have　2.don’t think　3.to live in　4.the only person；was invited
　　知识详解
　　1recognise(recognize)　vt.　识别；认出；承认
　　【教材原句】(p17)sorry，i didn’t recognise you.
　　对不起，我刚才没认出你。
　　(1)认出，辨出
　　①(朗文p1705)we hadn’t seen each other in thirty years，but i recognized her right away.
　　我们有30年没见过面了，可是我立刻就认出了她。
　　②(朗文p1705)our record shows that we recognize how important safety is.
　　我们的记录表明了我们认识到安全有多重要。
　　③they recognised him to be a great leader.
　　他们承认他是一位伟大领袖。
　　④after the accident，he recognised that he was not fit for the work.
　　事故发生后他认识到自己不能胜任这项工作。
　　recognition n. 认出，识别；理睬beyond recognition 认不出
　　思维拓展
　　⑤the girl has changed beyond recognition.
　　这姑娘变得(让人)认不出来了。
　　比较网站
　　recognise，know，realize
　　(1)recognise是及物动词，意思是＂认出；识别出＂，表示能够认出原先所认识的人或事物，为非延续性动词，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。
　　⑥alice glanced at the envelope and recognized her father’s handwriting.
　　爱丽丝瞥了一眼信封，认出是父亲的笔迹。
　　(2)know是及物动词，意思是＂知道＂，侧重于客观事实，指认识某人或熟悉某地，表示一种状态，为延续性动词。
　　⑦i want to know how to get in touch with him.
　　我想知道怎样同他取得联系。
　　(3)realize是及物动词，意思是＂意识到；实现(理想、梦想等)＂。
　　⑧he began to realize just how serious the whole situation was.
　　他开始认识到整个情况有多么严重。
　　即境活用
　　1．(XX年高考安徽卷)i haven’t seen sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond ________.
　　a．hearing　　　b．strength
　　c．recognition d．measure
　　解析：选c。句意：自从sara还是孩子的时候，我就一直没见过她。她现在已经变得(让人)认不出来了。beyond recognition：impossible to recognize无法辨认。
　　2explain　vt.　解释；说明
　　【教材原句】 (p17)could you please explain?
　　请你解释一下好吗？
　　①(朗文p708)he was obviously drunk，which explains why he was acting strangely.
　　他显然是醉了，这可以解释他为什么行为怪异。
　　②(朗文p708)marta explained that the bus had broken down，which was why she was late.
　　玛尔塔解释说公共汽车抛锚了，所以她才迟到。
　　③(朗文p708)john doesn’t make excuses or explain himself to anybody.
　　约翰没有找借口或向任何人对自己的行为作出解释。
　　思维拓展
　　即境活用
　　2．完成句子
　　(1)请向我说明从哪里开始以及怎样做。
　　please ________________________ where to begin and how to do it.
　　(2)她解释说她病了，在医院里住了两个月。
　　she ________________ she had been ill and in hospital for two months.
　　答案：(1)explain to me　(2)explained that
　　3continue　vt.& vi.　继续，持续
　　【教材原句】(p17)in the park，mathilde continues to tell jeanne her story.
　　在公园里，玛蒂尔德继续向珍妮讲述她的故事。
　　(1)vt.继续，持续
　　①they continued their journey after the rain，hoping to see him soon.雨后，他们继续旅行，希望尽快见到他。
　　(2)vi.继续，延续
　　②i hope that this kind of activity will continue in the future.我希望这种活动以后继续办下法。
　　③(朗文p434)despite his illness，he plans to continue with his normal work schedule.
　　尽管他生病了，他还是打算按正常的进度继续工作。
　　(3)continue to do/doing sth.继续做某事
　　④he continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
　　他继续工作，仿佛什么都没发生。
　　(4)continue后可接＂to be adj.＂，意为＂继续处于某种状态＂，此时to be可省略。
　　⑤my father continues healthy.
　　我父亲依旧身体健康。
　　即境活用
　　3．according to the weather report，the weather will______fine.
　　a．go on　　　　b．keep on
　　c．carry on d．continue
　　解析：选d。continue后可直接跟形容词，表示＂继续处于某种状态＂。
　　4．完成句子
　　雨持续了几天，因此我们不能出去玩。
　　________________________，so we could not go out to play.
　　答案：the rain continued for days
　　4attend　vt.& vi.　出席；参加；照顾；护理；专心；留意
　　【教材原句】(p19)attending a ball can be exciting.
　　参加舞会可能会很令人兴奋。
　　(1)vt.出席……，参加……，上学
　　attend a meeting/lecture出席会议/听演讲、听课
　　attend a wedding/a funeral参加婚礼/葬礼
　　attend school/church上学/做礼拜
　　【高效记忆】
　　①i have to get up early to attend the meeting tomorrow.
　　我明天必须早起去出席会议。
　　②(朗文p108)after attending church，the family would go home for dinner.
　　去完教堂后，全家人会回家吃晚饭。
　　(2)attend (on/upon)服侍，照料，陪伴
　　③his mother was ill，so he had to attend (on/upon) her.
　　他母亲病了，因此他必须照料她。
　　(3)attend to倾听，注意，留心；关心，照顾；办理
　　④(朗文p108)i have a few other things to attend to first.
　　我有几件其他的事要先办理。
　　即境活用
　　5．i’m sorry，but i cannot go to the concert with you because i have to ________my sick classmate.
　　a．appeal to　　　　b．lead to
　　c．attend to d．stick to
　　解析：选c。attend to my sick classmate.照顾生病的同学。
　　6.—would you like to________my birthday party this saturday?
　　—sorry，i have an important meeting to________.
　　a．attend；join b．take part in；attend
　　c．join；take part in d．attend；attend
　　解析：选d。join后要接团体、集体、组织等与人有关的名词；take part in与政治活动或体育、文娱活动有关；attend侧重于指上(课)，参加(晚会)，照顾病人等意义。
　　5call on　访问；号召；邀请
　　【教材原句】(p17)so i called on you and asked if i could borrow some jewellery.
　　因此，我去拜访了你，问你可不可以借我些首饰。
　　①i’ll take a walk then call on some friends.
　　我会散散步，然后顺路拜访一些朋友。
　　②the government has called on the graduates to work in the west.政府已号召毕业生到西部工作。
　　思维拓展
　　call at 参观，拜访某地
　　call for 要求；需要；去接某人；去拿某物
　　call up 打电话；使想起；使回忆起
　　call in 召集；请；要求退回，收回
　　call off 决定取消；下令停止
　　call back 叫回；回电话
　　③it is announced that the sports meeting has been called off.
　　据通知，运动会已被取消。
　　④that picture calls up memories of a holiday i had when i was a child.那张照片使我回忆起儿时假期的情景。
　　⑤your mother is very ill.call in a doctor at once.
　　你妈妈病得很严重。马上找个医生来。
　　⑥this sort of work calls for a lot of patience.
　　这种工作需要极大的耐性。
　　即境活用
　　7．(XX年高考福建卷)the somali robbers’ frequent attacks on the sea urged the united nations to ________ all nations to take immediate action.
　　a．fight for b．apply for
　　c．call on d．wait on
　　解析：选c。句意：索马里海盗经常在海上袭击(轮船)使联合国号召所有国家立即采取行动。fight for为……而战；apply for申请；call on号召；wait on服侍，招待，拜访。call on/upon sb.to do sth.号召某人做某事；call on sb.拜访某人。
　　6pay off　还清(债务等)；付清；取得成功；得到回报
　　【教材原句】(p18)well，after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts.
　　呃，这么多年后我们终于还完了所有的债务。
　　①(朗文p1503)ed was driving a taxi on the weekends to pay off all his debts.
　　埃德周末开出租车赚钱以还清他的所有债务。
　　②since there was a rapid increase in his business,his efforts paid off.
　　生意增长迅速，因此他的努力终于得到了回报。
　　思维拓展
　　③that i can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.
　　能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。
　　④he had to work part time so as to pay for his education.
　　他必须做兼职工作来支付学费。
　　⑤more attention should be paid to protecting the enviroment.
　　应更加关注保护环境。
　　即境活用
　　8．he________ a lot of time on the internet，which ________ him his happiness in the future.
　　a．took；cost　　　b．spent；costed
　　c．paid；took d．spent；cost
　　解析：选d。句意：他将大量时间消磨在网络上，这是以葬送他未来的幸福为代价的。spend...on...花费……在……上；cost使付出，以……为代价；take后跟时间：take sb. 时间to do sth.结合句意,故此题选d。
　　9.ling feng won the first prize in the national english competition and i’m glad that her efforts at last ________.
　　a．worked out b．got back
　　c．paid off d．turned out
　　解析：选c。后半句句意：我很高兴她的努力最后成功了。pay off (指冒风险的政策、做法等)带来好结果，成功，行得通。
　　7after all　毕竟；终究；到底
　　【教材原句】(p18)well，after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts.
　　呃，这么多年后我们终于还完了所有的债务。
　　①it’s not surprising you’re tired.after all，you were up until eleven last night!
　　难怪你感到疲倦。别忘了，你昨天晚上11点才睡觉呢！
　　②i don’t know why you’re so concerned.it isn’t your problem after all.
　　我不明白你为什么这样担心，这毕竟不是你的问题。
　　思维拓展
　　③above all，i’d like to thank my family.
　　首先，我想感谢我的家人。
　　④all in all，we had a good time.
　　总的来说，我们玩得很愉快。
　　即境活用
　　10．完成句子
　　(1)你根本不该责备那男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子，最重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。
　　you shouldn’t have scolded the boy ______________，he is a child ________________；________________，he made only two mistakes ________________.
　　答案：at all；after all；above all；in all
　　(2)为什么不让他呆在这儿呢？这毕竟是他的家。
　　why is he not allowed to stay here？________，it’s his home.
　　答案：after all
　　句型梳理
　　1【教材原句】 (p16)i’m_sorry，but i_don’t_think i know you.
　　对不起，我想我不认识你。
　　【句法分析】　(1)i’m sorry，but...此句式常用来拒绝或否定别人的看法；有时也用来有礼貌地提出自己的看法。
　　①—would you mind opening the window?
　　你介意打开窗户吗？
　　—i’m sorry，but i have caught a cold.
　　对不起，我感冒了。
　　(2)句中i don’t think是否定转移。当think表示＂认为、猜想＂等含义，且主语是第一人称，用来引导一个否定概念时，通常把否定词not移到主句的谓语部分中，形成否定转移，带有婉转、客气的语气。类似的动词还有believe，suppose，imagine，expect，guess等。如：
　　②i like him but i don’t think he is the right person for the job.
　　我喜欢他，但我认为他不适合干这项工作。
　　③i don’t think it was an accident.he did it on purpose.
　　我认为这不是一次意外事故，而是他有意造成
　　的。
　　【温馨提示】　当这类句子变反意疑问句时，其变化形式与宾语从句保持一致，且用肯定形式；但如果主句的主语不是第一人称时，则简短问句的主语与主句的主语一致。
　　④i don’t think he will come today，will he?
　　我认为他今天不会来，是吗？
　　⑤you don’t think he will come today，do you?
　　你不认为他今天会来，是吗？
　　即境活用
　　11．you see，there is no light in their room.i don’t think they have returned home，________？
　　a．haven’t they　　b．did they
　　c．have they d．didn’t they
　　解析：选c。应该把not移回宾语从句再进行反意疑问，即have they。
　　12.mrs.black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera，________？
　　a．is he b．isn’t he
　　c．doesn’t she d．does she
　　解析：选d。当主语是第三人称时，本句的反应疑问应针对主句提问。
　　2【教材原句】　(p18)pierre and i did_have a very good time at the ball.
　　我和皮埃尔在舞会上确实玩得很开心。
　　【句法分析】　这是一个强调谓语的特殊句式。强调词通常是do的某种形式与谓语动词的组合。这种用法常符合以下两个条件：
　　(1)句子是肯定陈述句或祈使句；
　　(2)句子中的谓语动词用一般现在时或一般过去时。分别用do/does/did来加强谓语动词的语气。在译成汉语时，可根据具体情况将do译为＂是……，的确，确实＂等。
　　①do be careful next time.下次一定要细心。
　　②he did tell me about it yesterday.
　　他昨天的确告诉过我那件事了。
　　③he does speak english well.他英语讲得的确很好。
　　即境活用
　　13．完成句子
　　你一到北京，一定要给我发电子邮件。
　　________________________ e mails immediately you arrive at beijing.
　　答案：do send me