2020届高考英语单元知识点Moduleampnbsp6WarampnbspandampnbspPeace导学案

　　XX届高考英语顶尖学案：外研版
　　module 6　war and peace　战争与和平
　　核心词汇
　　1．germany o__________ many countries by the attacks known as the blitz.
　　2．don’t play by the river in case you fall in and get d____________.
　　3．a r____________ team is trying to reach the trapped miners.
　　4．in his early days lu xun a____________ medicine for literature.
　　5．the singer felt e____________ by the many letters of support.
　　6．____________(维和人员)from our country have set out for iraq in october.
　　7．there was an exciting new ____________(突破)in cancer research.
　　8．my father wanted to buy a country house for his ____________ retirement but ____________ he bought one in town because it has all the modern conveniences.(eventual)
　　9．at first he ____________ to my plan but then he changed his mind and ____________ to it.his ____________ made me very angry.(agree)
　　10．the doctors are ____________ on an ____________ of a factory who got injured when ____________ a machine，and the ____________ is said to last over one hour.(operation)
　　1.occupied　2.drowned　3.rescue　4.abandoned,5.encouraged　6.peacekeepers　7.breakthrough　8.eventual；eventually　9.agreed；disagreed；disagreement,10.operating；operator；operating；operation
　　高频短语
　　1．________________ 向……宣战
　　2．________________ 取得重大突破(进展)
　　3．________________ 停下来让某人搭车(船等)；救起
　　4．________________ 卷入，陷入
　　5．________________ 收获，进入
　　6．________________ 考虑，思考
　　7．________________ 令某人惊讶的是
　　8．________________ 位于，坐落于
　　9．________________ 为……干杯，祝酒
　　10．________________ 注意
　　11．________________ 在视野中
　　12．________________ 提及，参考
　　1.declare war on　2.make a breakthrough　3.pick up,4.be involved in　5.get in　6.think about　7.to one’s astonishment　8.be situated on　9.drink to　10.draw attention to　11.in view　12.refer to
　　重点句式
　　1．the war，________________，is known as the second world war.
　　这场战争一直持续到1945年，被称为第二次世界大战。
　　2．more than 5,000 ships crossed the english channel，________________.
　　5000多艘船只横渡英吉利海峡，载着130,000名士兵到法国海岸。
　　3．________ they ________________ the beach，they ________________.
　　要是他们抵达了海滩就很有可能没命了。
　　4．the survivors lay on the beach，________________.
　　死里逃生的战士躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。
　　5．the cemetery and memorial are situated on a cliff ________ the beach and the english channel，________________.
　　墓地和纪念碑坐落在一处悬崖之上，从那里可以俯瞰海滩和英吉利海峡，当时一艘艘船只就试图从那里登陆。
　　1.which lasted until 1945　2.carrying 130，000 troops to the french coast　3.if；had reached；would probably have been killed　4.exhausted and shocked　5.overlooking；from where the boats attempted their landings
　　知识详解
　　1.abandon v．& n．放弃，抛弃，离弃，逃离；中止
　　(回归课本p72)the situation at omaha beach was so bad that the us army commanders thought about abandoning the invasion.奥马哈海滩的形势非常严峻，以至于美军司令官都考虑放弃进攻了。
　　【归纳总结】
　　【例句探源】
　　①the old couple have brought up three abandoned children.
　　这对老夫妇已经抚养了三个被遗弃的孩子了。
　　②(朗文p2)the game had to be abandoned due to bad weather.由于天气不好，比赛不得不终止。
　　③(朗文p2)imogen had abandoned all hope of ever seeing her brother again.
　　伊莫金已经放弃了再次见到哥哥的全部希望。
　　④however，i think that one can abandon oneself to new experiences when overseas without treating one’s training with abandon.
　　不过，我想一个人在海外时不防让自己沉溺于新的体验，只要不过于放纵而损于修养。
　　【易混辨析】
　　abandon，desert，leave，quit
　　四者都含有＂放弃，遗弃＂的意思。
　　(1)abandon强调＂完全、永远地遗弃＂，尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物。
　　(2)desert强调＂违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等＂。
　　(3)leave强调＂离开(某地)或留下、遗忘(某物)＂。
　　(4)quit强调＂突然或不经意地放弃＂，常指＂停止＂。
　　①the soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.
　　②the 9 year old boy was abandoned by his alcoholic father.
　　③she quitted her job.
　　④he left his wallet in the classroom.
　　【即境活用】
　　1．the girl had to ________ her journey because of her mother’s illness.
　　a．abandon　　　　　　b．leave
　　c．desert  d．quit
　　解析：选a。句意：由于这个女孩的母亲生病，她不得不放弃旅行。abandon指因外界压力或影响完全或永久地舍弃自己所感兴趣的事物或人；leave是一般用语，着重强调＂离开，遗留下＂的意思；desert指某人或某物在困难中或困境中被人背弃；quit指突然出其不意地放弃，往往也含有在感情上舍弃的意味。
　　2.the plan was ________ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.
　　a．released b．deserted
　　c．resigned d．abandoned
　　解析：选d。句意：当发现这个方案将会耗费巨资时，它被放弃了。abandon和desert都有＂放弃，抛弃＂之意，desert表示抛弃自己的天职或应尽的义务，而abandon指因外界压力和影响而放弃自己负有责任或感兴趣的东西。release＂解除，免除＂；resign＂辞去，辞职＂。
　　2.occupy　vt.　占领；占据；占用；占有(时间、空间)；承担，担任；使忙碌于(做某事)
　　(回归课本p72)during the war，germany occupied many countries，including france.
　　在战争期间，德国占领了许多国家，也包括法国。
　　【归纳总结】
　　【例句探源】
　　①while she waited，she tried to occupy her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation.
　　等待的时候，她尽量让自己沉浸在对假期的美好想象之中。
　　②(朗文p1412)fishing occupies most of my spare time.
　　钓鱼占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。
　　③the jackson family have occupied this apartment for the past six months.
　　过去半年中， 杰克逊一家住在这套公寓里。
　　④the man was occupied with ordering computer parts.
　　这名男子的时间都用于订购电脑配件了。
　　⑤she occupied herself in cooking.
　　she was occupied in cooking.她正忙着做饭。
　　⑥please state your name，address and occupation.
　　请说明你的姓名，地址和职业。
　　【即境活用】
　　3．her interest in redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.
　　a．constrained　　　　　　b．dominated
　　c．restricted d．occupied
　　解析：选d。句意：她热衷于重新装修这间大房子，这使她忙碌了整整一周。occupied忙碌的，被占据的；constrained拘谨的，不自然的；dominated控制的，支配的；restricted受限制的，有限的。
　　4.danis is ________ hunting for a new job and has no eye for his wife and children.
　　a．occupied in b．buried for
　　c．absorbed to d．engaged to
　　解析：选a。句意是：丹尼斯一心在找工作，没有关心他的妻儿。be occupied in 忙于；b项改为buried in(埋头于……)；c项改为absorbed in(专心于……)；d项的意思是＂与某人订婚＂，表示＂忙于＂时，要用engaged in/with。
　　3.despite　prep.　不管，不顾
　　(回归课本p83)the un couldn’t stop a terrible civil war in the african state of rwanda in 1995，despite warnings of the dangers from nearby states.
　　1995年联合国没能制止非洲国家卢旺达境内的严重战争，尽管周边国家发出了危险警告。
　　【归纳总结】
　　【例句探源】
　　①despite all our efforts to save the school，the county decided to close it.尽管我们竭尽全力想保住这所学校，县里还是决定把它关闭。
　　②despite/in spite of the traffic jam，he arrived here on time.
　　尽管交通堵塞，他仍然准时到达了这儿。
　　③(朗文p1982)kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.
　　虽然她丈夫酗酒，凯莉仍然爱着他。
　　④he went ahead and did it，regardless of the consequences.
　　他说干就干了，没有顾及后果。
　　【即境活用】
　　5．________ scientists know where a storm will happen，winds will suddenly change，carrying the storm to a new direction.
　　a．even if　　　　　　　　b．since
　　c．despite d．unless
　　解析：选a。句意为：即使科学家们知道暴风雨将要发生的地点，但风向会突然改变，使暴风雨转向一个新方向。由前后语意可知为转折关系，故选a。carrying在此表示结果状语，despite是介词，不能直接引导从句。
　　6.________ the advances of science，the discomforts of old age will always be with us.
　　a．as for b．besides
　　c．except d．despite
　　解析：选d。句意：尽管科学取得了巨大的发展，但年老的不适毫无疑问总会伴随着我们。despite尽管，不管，相当于in spite of；as for至于，说到；besides除……之外(还有)；except除……外(没有)。
　　4.worthwhile　adj.　值得做的，有价值的，有用的
　　(回归课本p79)but the villagers treated us like heroes，and for a brief moment，i felt that all the fear and danger had been worthwhile.
　　但村民们把我们当成英雄来对待，一时间我觉得所有的恐怖和危险都是值得的。
　　【归纳总结】
　　【例句探源】
　　①we had a long wait，but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.
　　我们等了很长时间，但这是值得的，因为我们买到了票。
　　②thank you for making my visit so worthwhile.
　　感谢你们使我的访问如此有价值。
　　③it is worthwhile discussing the question.( it is worthwhile to discuss the question.)这个问题值得讨论。
　　【易混辨析】
　　worth，worthy，worthwhile
　　(1)worth意为＂值(多少钱)＂、＂相当于……的价值＂或＂值得＂等。其后通常接表示钱数的名词或相当于＂代价＂的比喻性名词。
　　be worth 后还可接动词的-ing形式，意为＂值得做＂，应使用主动结构表示被动意义。be worth不能接不定式。
　　(2)worthy的结构是：be worthy of sth./be worthy of doing sth./sth.is worthy to be done或sth.is worthy of being done。
　　(3)worthwhile要与形式主语it并用，构成it is/was worthwhile doing/to do sth.，worth也可用于这个句式中。
　　①guilin is worthy of being visited.
　　②hangzhou is a beautiful place.it is worthwhile to go there.
　　③is the exhibition worth a visit?
　　【即境活用】
　　7．because american parents believe that knowledge leads to a meaningful life，they try to give youngsters many opportunities to develop skills and ________ interests.
　　a．worth　　　　　　　b．worthy
　　c．valuable  d．worthwhile
　　解析：选d。句意：因为美国的父母们认为知识使生活更有意义，所以他们尽力为孩子们提供许多机会以发展他们的技能和值得花费精力的爱好。worthwhile值得花时间/精力的；worth后接动名词或名词；worthy有价值的，常作表语；valuable值钱的，贵重的。
　　8.we have worked together in harmony for many years, and i find it ________ with them.
　　a．worthy of working
　　b．useless to work
　　c．worth of working
　　d．worthwhile working
　　解析：选d。句意是：我们已融洽合作很多年了，我发现与他们合作很值得。it 是find的形式宾语；worthwhile是宾补，working with them是真正的宾语。形式主语或形式宾语常与worthwhile连用。
　　5.to one’s astonishment　令某人惊讶的是
　　(回归课本p79)to our astonishment，just two days after we had received our confidential orders to join the d-day landing troops，and after a day fighting and seeing many of my friends killed by the enemy，we found ourselves outside a peaceful village in france.
　　使我们吃惊的是，就在我们接到加入d日登陆部队的机密命令后两天，经过一天的战斗，并亲眼目睹我的很多朋友被敌军残杀后，我们发现我们来到了一个宁静的法国村庄外面。
　　【归纳总结】
　　【例句探源】
　　①to his astonishment，the keys were in the door.
　　to the astonishment of him，the keys were in the door.
　　让他吃惊的是，钥匙就在门上。
　　②much to everyone’s astonishment，the plan succeeded.
　　大大出乎所有人的意料，那个计划竟然成功了。
　　③to the curiosity of everyone，his father was not angry over what he had done.
　　使每个人好奇的是，他的父亲并没有因为他做的事而生气。
　　【即境活用】
　　9．to our ________，the computer doesn’t function again.
　　a．disappointment　　　 b．disappointing
　　c．disappointed d．delight
　　答案：a
　　句型梳理
　　1.【教材原句】　the operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before they even got off the boats.(p72)
　　军事行动特别危险，许多士兵甚至还没来得及下船就被杀死了。
　　【句法分析】　此句为一个主从复合句，before引导一个时间状语从句，意为＂还没有来得及……就……＂。
　　before用作连词句型归纳：
　　(1)before sb.can/could...某人还没来得及……
　　①before i could get in a word，he had measured me.
　　我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
　　(2)it will be 时间 before...还有多长时间……才……
　　②it will be 4 years before he graduates.
　　他还有四年时间才能毕业。
　　(3)had done some time before ……才……
　　③we had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
　　(4)had not done...before...不到……就……
　　④we hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
　　我们还没走到一英里路他就觉得累了。
　　(5)it was not 一段时间 before不多久就……
　　⑤it wasn’t two years before he left the country.
　　还没到两年他们就离开了那个国家。
　　【即境活用】
　　10．someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ________ i could answer the phone.
　　a．as　　　　　　　 b．since
　　c．until d．before
　　解析：选d。句意为：半夜有人给我打电话，但是在我应答之前对方就挂断了。before表示在……之前，符合题意。
　　11.it was not long ________，his name became a household word.
　　a．when b．after
　　c．before d．since
　　解析：选c。考查句式it was not long before...，表示不多久就……。句意为：不久之后，他的名字就家喻户晓了。it was not long before shortly。
　　2.【教材原句】　the survivors lay on the beach，exhausted and shocked.(p73)
　　死里逃生的战士躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。
　　【句法分析】　exhausted and shocked是形容词短语作状语，表示死里逃生的战士躺在海滩上时的状态。形容词的这种用法很常见。
　　①he arrived home，hungry and tired.他又饿又累地回到家里。
　　②he turned away，disappointed.他失望地走开了。
　　③in spite of the terrible weather，he landed all the passengers safe.尽管天气很糟糕，他还是使所有乘客都安全着陆了。
　　④happy and gay，the little girl ran to her parents.
　　这个小女孩兴高采烈地跑向她的父母。
　　【即境活用】
　　12．(XX年高考浙江卷)________ and short of breath，andy and ruby were the first to reach the top of mount tai.
　　a．to be tired　　　　　　 b．tired
　　c．tiring d．being tired
　　解析：选b。考查形容词短语作状语。此处是形容词词组说明主语的状态，实际上它是一种省略结构，相当于＂although andy and ruby were tired and short of breath＂，故b项正确。
　　13.after his journey from abroad，richard jones returned home，________.
　　a．exhausting
　　b．exhausted
　　c．being exhausted
　　d．having exhausted
　　解析：选b。句意是：从国外旅行之后，理查德•琼斯疲惫不堪地回到了家。exhaust是一个使役动词，意为＂使精疲力尽＂。例如：my father is completely exhausted.我父亲精疲力竭。
　　3.【教材原句】　...he said，＂never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.＂(p81)
　　……他说道，＂在人类战争史上从来没有一次像这样，以如此少的兵力取得如此大的成功，保护如此多的众生。＂
　　【句法分析】　(1)本句是一个由否定词never开头的倒装句，否定词或短语放在句首经常构成部分倒装，即把助动词提到主语的前面去。常见的否定词还有：
　　nor，neither，no，not，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，not until，not only...but also，hardly(scarcely)．..when，no sooner...than等。
　　①not only was everything he had taken away from him but also his german citizenship.不仅他所有的东西都被带走了，就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。
　　(2)在反意疑问句的陈述句部分中，如包含seldom，no，nothing，never，hardly，scarcely，little，few等否定副词，则这部分是否定，简短问句就应用肯定。
　　②he is seldom ill，is he？他很少生病，是吗？
　　③he was hardly twenty then，was he?
　　他当时几乎没有二十岁，是吗？
　　【即境活用】
　　14．(XX年高考陕西卷)little ________ about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.
　　a．did rose care　　　　b．rose did care
　　c．rose does care d．does rose care
　　解析：选a。句意：虽然处境很危险，但罗斯几乎不关心自己的安全。little是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装，由后半句判断句子是过去时，故选a项。
　　15.(XX年高考全国卷ⅰ)the computer was used in teaching.as a result，not only ________，but students became more interested in the lessons.
　　a．saved was teachers’ energy
　　b．was teachers’ energy saved
　　c．teachers’ energy was saved
　　d．was saved teachers’ energy
　　解析：选b。句意：计算机应用于教学，结果，不仅教师节省能量，而且学生对课程更感兴趣。not only...but (also)放在句首作状语，句子用部分倒装。not only后的部分倒装，but also后的部分不倒装。
　　作文指导
　　说明文
　　【体裁导航】
　　说明文，顾名思义，就是要说清、道明。可见，清晰的描述、不紊的条理、分明的层次和准确的用词，都是说明文最明显的特征。
　　无论是文字叙述还是图表标识，只要无时间限制，说明文中一般都要用现在时态。
　　图表说明文是近年来高考英语写作的重点、热点，也是国家英语课程标准所要求掌握的。做这一写作题型时，同学们最好能在分清图与图之间逻辑关系的基础上，列出要点，逐条予以说明。
　　这样，既能避免主次不分，又能有效防止要点的遗漏。
　　巧用过渡性词语，能使文章结构紧凑，条理清晰。
　　中学阶段常用的过渡词语主要有以下几类：
　　1．表示时间顺序：first, then, afterwards, to begin with, meanwhile, later, soon, finally ...
　　2．表示空间顺序：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side ...
　　3．表示并列关系：and, as well as, also, too ...
　　4．表示因果关系：because, for, since, as a result (of), therefore, thus, thanks to ...
　　5．表示递进关系：besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, also, one more thing ...
　　6．表示比照关系：like, unlike, such as，but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary ...
　　7．表示条件关系：if, unless, as long as, so long as, on condition that ...
　　8．表示概括关系：in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up ...
　　【写作示例】
　　由于现代科学技术的发展，人们现在的日常生活已与几十年前的大不一样。那么，随着社会和科学技术的进一步发展，未来人们的生活又会是什么样的呢？请你以＂未来生活＂为主题，从人类的工作、身体的变化、生活的环境、交通设施、沟通方式、住房等方面，展开想象，描述一下未来美好的生活。
　　要求：1.想象合理，表达清晰，有条理。
　　2．描述你想象中的未来生活。
　　3．词数：120 150。
　　【写作要领】
　　本文的体裁是说明文，主题是未来的生活，时态应为一般将来时。
　　要求学生预测并适当描述几十年以后生活可能发生的变化，表达自己对未来美好的愿望。文章可以分为三部分：一、开头，二、主体，三、结尾。第一部分(第1段)开门见山，直接点题，指出未来的生活肯定会发生巨大的变化。第二部分(第2和3段)发挥想象，具体阐述。可从人们日常生活的各个方面(工作、交通、教育学习、休闲娱乐、环境等)入手。第三部分(第4段)提出建议，表达自己美好的愿望。
　　【金点模板】
　　一、开头(表达个人观点)
　　i suppose that ...
　　personally, i think that ...
　　with science and technology developing, it is certain that ...
　　二、主体
　　1．句型
　　in the future we will...
　　more people will be able to ...
　　at that time, people will be using ...
　　there will be no need to ...
　　2．过渡词
　　besides/in addition/what’s more/furthermore而且
　　for example/for instance/such as举例
　　instead of代替，而不是
　　not only ...but also ...不但……而且……
　　in other words换句话说
　　that is to say也就是说
　　三、结尾
　　1．句型
　　compared to the life today, the future life will be ...
　　no matter what happens in the future, we will ...
　　2．过渡词
　　altogether总之；above all 最重要的是；however然而
　　【范文点评】
　　the future life
　　①with science and technology developing fast, it is certain that the future life will be more convenient and fast­paced.in the future we will have more free time and we may change jobs several times in our career.②more people will be able to work at home, doing less manual work but more learning and thinking, which will make our brains bigger and bodies smaller.
　　③besides, transportation will become cleaner, faster, cheaper and not so crowded.④there will be no need to worry about the environment being polluted while traveling, for new fuels and engines will be used.
　　at that time，⑤people will be using the internet to shop and do business while stores will be more like entertainment parks.⑥people will live in green houses and keep in touch with each other by using advanced videophones which can also be used for shopping and banking.
　　⑦altogether, compared to the life we live today，the future life will be totally different. ⑧however, no matter what happens in the future, as long as we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different，we will be well prepared for whatever the future may have in store and enjoy a happier and healthier life.
　　点评：
　　①由复合结构＂with 宾语 宾语补足语＂引出话题，自然流畅。
　　②此句准确得体地运用了非谓语动词作状语和非限制性定语从句。
　　③使用过渡词besides，把话题自然引到＂交通方式的变化＂上。
　　④准确使用there is no need to do...句型，且多处使用非谓语动词，如：to worry，being polluted，traveling。
　　⑤使用while来衔接两个不同的未来变化；前一个分句用将来进行时使举例时语言更生动形象。
　　⑥by引导的方式状语中包含有一个定语从句。
　　⑦用altogether引出对上面两段的猜想的总结。
　　⑧由转折词however衔接两个句子，使句意互相照应，文章连贯流畅。
　　【类题尝试】
　　自1978年以来，我国海外留学生回国人数逐年上升。请在shanghai daily上发表一篇文章，根据图表叙述海外人员归国情况，分析回归原因，并希望更多的海外学者回国创业。
　　要求：1.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
　　2．词数150左右，短文开头已写好，不计入总词数。
　　参考词汇：制定政策—work out policies，海归人员—returnee
　　there has been a reversal of the brain­drain since 1978 across the country.________________________________________________________________________
　　________________________________________
　　one possible version：
　　there has been a reversal of the brain­drain since 1978 across the country.between 1978 and XX, about 7,000 overseas chinese returned to shanghai after completing their studies abroad.they accounted for about 25% of all returnees nationwide.the year XX has witnessed a boom.the number of returnees came up to 15,000.by the end of XX, a further 22,000 have returned to this city.
　　the reversal of the brain­drain mainly arises from three facts.firstly, our government values overseas chinese scholars highly, encourages them to return home to start their own careers and has worked out a series of preferential policies.in shanghai, the famous international city, they can enjoy a modern lifestyle.secondly, china’s economy has been developing at a high speed, which provides them with a vast space of development.
　　many returnees have achieved outstanding success in scientific research or in high­level management.they are playing a more and more important role.thirdly, the current global financial crisis leaves many overseas out of work or at the edge of being laid off.they feel more secure at home because the economy is more stable.
　　i hope that more overseas chinese can head home.there is a bright future ahead of them.