2019届高考英语单元知识考点Unitampnbsp9Technology科技导学案

　　XX届高考英语顶尖学案：大纲版
　　unit 9　technology　科技
　　核心词汇
　　1．don’t call me unless it is an____________(紧急情况)．
　　2．we can____________(击败)class two in the friendly match.
　　3．we had a____________(安静的)afternoon without the children.
　　4．the pyramids are one of the____________(奇迹)of the world.
　　5．the twins have been having a few____________(分歧)lately.
　　6．these____________(青少年)have similar tastes in dress.
　　7．the main____________(功能) of this equipment is to protect the customers.
　　8．it was fortunate that you____________(提醒)me of my meeting with jones.
　　9．i have an____________with the president of his firm this afternoon，and i will wait for him at the ____________time.(appoint)
　　10．用behave的适当形式填空：
　　(1)he____________as if nothing had happened，which surprised us all.
　　(2)the boy’s____________in school is beginning to improve.
　　1.emergency　2.defeat　3.peaceful　4.wonders　5.disagreements　6.teenagers　7.function　8.reminded　9.appointment　appointed　10.(1)behaved　(2)behaviour
　　高频短语
　　1．________________提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事
　　2．________________ 与……保持联络
　　3．________________ 要求，需要
　　4．________________ 假使，一旦，万一，以免
　　5．________________ 按照；根据……所说
　　6．________________ 接管，接替，接收
　　7．________________ 毁掉，发生故障，中止，失败
　　8．________________ 梦想
　　9．________________ 靠武力，强行
　　10．________________ 想出，提出
　　1.remind sb.of/about sth.　2.stay in touch with　3.call for　4.in case (of)　5.according to　6.take over　7.break down　8.dream of/about　9.by force　10.come up with
　　重点句式
　　1．cellphones，or mobile phones，____________________for us to talk to anyone from anywhere.
　　手机可以使我们在任何地方与任何人进行交流。
　　2．the answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family ____________________ or what we are doing.
　　答案似乎是：无论我们身处何地，无论我们是在忙于什么，我们都有必要和朋友及家人保持联系。
　　3．the few surviving human beings are being used____________________ we use machines today...
　　少数幸存的人正以我们现在使用机器的方式被机器使用着……
　　4．now，the leader has asked a group of students to____________________save the earth.
　　现在，领导要求一些学生竭尽全力，拯救地球。
　　1.make it possible　2.no matter where we are　3.in the way that　4.do what they can to
　　知识详解
　　1agreement　n．　同意；一致；协定，协议
　　【教材原句】(p57)express agreement and disagreement
　　表达同意和不同意
　　in agreement with同意；与……一致
　　arrive at/come to/reach an agreement达成协议
　　make an agreement with sb.与某人达成协议sign an agreement签署一项协议
　　思维拓展
　　①(牛津p41)an agreement was finally reached between management and employees.
　　劳资双方终于达成协议。
　　②it seems that our dreams will never be in agreement with the reality.似乎理想与现实永远不可能相一致。
　　③the meeting ended when we reached/came to/arrived at an agreement.当我们达成协议时，会议就结束了。
　　思维拓展
　　④do you think your father will agree to the plan?
　　你认为你父亲会同意这项计划吗？
　　⑤the climate here doesn’t agree with me.
　　这里的气候不适合我。
　　即境活用
　　1．(XX年高考湖北卷)it is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money________favors to them.
　　a．in preference to　　　b．in place of
　　c．in agreement with d．in exchange for
　　解析：选d。本题考查介词短语辨析。句意：作为政府官员，因为给人民做了好事就向他们索要礼物或者金钱，这是非法的。语境提到＂给他们做好事＂和＂索取礼物钱财＂，这二者之间的关系要用in exchange for来描述 ，表示＂交换＂。另外三个介词短语的含义：in preference to偏好，偏爱，更喜欢；in place of代替(某人/某事物)；in agreement with协调，一致。
　　2depend　vi.　依靠；依赖
　　【教材原句】(p58)well，it depends.噢，那得视情况而定。
　　depend on/upon依靠，依赖，取决于
　　depend on/upon sb. to do sth./for sth.依靠某人做某事
　　depend on it that...相信某件事，(it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是that从句)
　　that depends./it all depends.看情况而定。
　　思维拓展
　　①we depend on energy to do many things in our daily lives.
　　日常生活中，我们依靠能源来做很多事情。
　　②don’t always depend on others.you should learn to rely on yourself.
　　不要总是依赖别人，你应该依靠自己。
　　③you may depend on it that she will help you.
　　你可以相信她会帮助你。
　　④(牛津p534)i don’t know if we can help－it all depends.
　　我不知道我们能不能帮上忙，一切都得看情况而定。
　　即境活用
　　2．—how long are you staying?
　　—i don’t know.________.
　　a．that’s ok b．never mind
　　c．it depends d．it doesn’t matter
　　解析：选c。从所提供的情景＂你要呆多久？＂＂我不知道。＂表明对方不确定他要呆多久，只能＂看情况而定(it depends)＂。that’s ok.意为＂行，好吧＂；never mind.和it doesn’t matter.意为＂不要紧，没关系＂。
　　3．完成句子
　　(1)whether we need more food______________________(这要视到场人数而定)．
　　答案：depends on how many people turn up
　　(2)______________(相信)we won’t give it up.
　　答案：depend on it that
　　3add　v．　加；增加；加起来；又说，补充
　　【教材原句】(p59)new functions are being added to the phones.
　　手机里增加了新的功能。
　　①(牛津p22)add up all the money i owe you.
　　把我欠你的钱全部加起来。
　　②(牛津p22)the bad weather only added to our difficulties.
　　恶劣的天气只是增加了我们的困难。
　　③he added that he was satisfied with the talk.
　　他补充说他对会谈很满意。
　　思维拓展
　　④his whole school education added up to no more than one year.
　　他所受的全部学校教育加起来不过一年。
　　【高效记忆】
　　即境活用
　　4．完成句子
　　the money she spends on clothes a month ________________________(加起来共计)$1,000.
　　答案：adds up to
　　5．the engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather ________ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
　　a．added to b．resulted from
　　c．turned out d．made up
　　解析：选a。句意：船只马达失灵了，且恶劣的天气增加了全体船员的无助感。add to＂增加，加强＂；result from＂由于＂；turn out＂结果是＂；make up＂编造，化妆＂。
　　4remind　vt.　提醒；使想起
　　【教材原句】(p59)the latest cellphones have features such as games，music and an electronic calendar that will remind you about appointments and important dates.
　　最新款的手机有特征，例如游戏、音乐、电子日历提醒你约会和重要的日期。
　　remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人某事
　　remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
　　remind(sb.)that/how/what... 提醒(某人)……
　　思维拓展
　　①(牛津p1682)remind me to phone alan before i go out.
　　提醒我出去之前给艾伦打电话。
　　②(牛津p1682)can someone remind me what i should do next?
　　谁能告诉我下一步该做什么好不好？
　　③(牛津p1682)you remind me of your father when you say that.你说这样的话，使我想起了你的父亲。
　　即境活用
　　6.in our childhood，we were often________by grandma to pay attention to our table manners.
　　a．demanded b．reminded
　　c．allowed d．hoped
　　解析：选b。句意：＂童年时期，我们经常被祖母提醒要注意餐桌礼仪＂。demand和hope后不跟含动词不定式的复合宾语。此处是remind sb.to do sth.的被动结构。
　　7．his words remind me________we did together during the past holidays.
　　a．that b．of that
　　c．what d．of what
　　解析：选d。由remind sb.of sth.可知介词of后面跟了一个由what引导的宾语从句，what作从句中谓语动词did的宾语。句意：他的话语使我想起了在过去的假期中我们在一起做的事情。
　　5succeed　v．　成功；继承；继任
　　【教材原句】(p62)if they succeed，they believe that humans and machines can live together like friends in the future.
　　如果他们成功了，他们相信人类和机器人之间在未来像朋友一样生活在一起。
　　(1)succeed in (doing) sth.成功地做了某事
　　①(牛津p2017)you will have to work hard if you are to succeed.要想有所作为，你必须苦干。
　　②(牛津p2017)i tried to discuss it with her but only succeeded in making her angry.
　　我本想跟她商量，结果却把她惹火了。
　　(2)succeed to...继承(王位、财产)；袭(爵)
　　③in england the oldest son succeeds to his father’s fortune.
　　在英国，大儿子继承父亲的财产。
　　(3)succeed sb.as...接替某人当……；继任某人为……
　　④he will succeed his father as manager of the company.
　　他将接替父亲担任公司经理。
　　思维拓展
　　(1)success[u]成功；[c]成功的人或事
　　(2)successful adj.成功的
　　⑤failure is the mother of success.
　　失败是成功之母。
　　⑥this show was a great success.这次表演很成功。
　　⑦were you successful in persuading him to change his mind?
　　你劝说他改变主意，成功了吗？
　　即境活用
　　8．—how about________christmas evening party?
　　—i should say it was________success.
　　a．a；a b．the；a
　　c．a；/ d．the；/
　　解析：选b。句意：——这次的圣诞晚会办得如何？——我认为这是一个成功的晚会。根据句意可知christmas evening party表特指，故用定冠词。当success意为＂成功者，成功的事＂时是可数名词，在这句话中意为＂一个成功的晚会＂，故用不定冠词。
　　6call for　要求；需要
　　【教材原句】 (p59)having a cellphone also makes us feel safer，since we can call for help in case of an emergency.
　　拥有手机还可以使我们更有安全感，因为我们可以在紧急情况下随时进行呼救。
　　①please call for help when you are in danger.
　　当你有危险时，请大声呼救。
　　②working with children calls for much love and patience.
　　从事儿童工作需要极大的爱心和耐心。
　　③let’s go to the night school together.i’ll call for you at six.
　　咱们一起去上夜校吧，六点我来叫你。
　　call at拜访某地,call back回电话；召回；使恢复；记起
　　call in请进来；召集,call on/upon拜访某人；号召
　　call off取消；停止
　　call up给某人打电话；使回忆起；召集
　　思维拓展
　　④(牛津p274)the game was called off because of the bad weather.因天气恶劣比赛被取消。
　　⑤several experts have been called in to help us improve our teaching method.几位专家被请来帮助我们改进教学方法。
　　⑥the sweet music called up the happy memory of my childhood.动听的音乐唤起了我快乐的童年记忆。
　　即境活用
　　9.(XX年高考福建卷)the somali robbers’ frequent attacks on the sea urged the united nations to________ all nations to take immediate action.
　　a．fight for b．apply for
　　c．call on d．wait on
　　解析：选c。考查动词短语。句意：索马里海盗经常在海上袭击(轮船)使联合国号召所有国家立即采取行动。fight for为……而战；apply for申请；call on号召；wait on服侍，招待，拜访。call on/upon sb.to do sth.号召某人做某事；call on sb.拜访某人。
　　10.it’s the sort of work that________a high level of concentration.
　　a．calls for b．makes up
　　c．lies in d．stands for
　　解析：选a。句意：这种工作需要全神贯注才能做好。call for需要(need)；make up构成，编造，补上；lie in存在于；stand for代表，象征。
　　7break down　毁掉；坏掉；出故障；失败；破产；(身体)垮掉
　　【教材原句】(p62)．..they have to make electricity for the machines，repair them when they break down，and do everything q12 tells them to.
　　……他们不得不为机器发电，机器出故障时进行修理，唯q12的命令是从。
　　(1)(机械等)出故障，毁坏
　　①on my way to the station my car broke down.
　　去车站的路上，我的车坏了。
　　(2)身体出毛病
　　②then his health broke down，and he had to take a long holiday abroad.
　　之后他的身体累垮了，得去国外休一段长假。
　　(3)计划失败
　　③news reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
　　新闻报道说两国和平谈判失败，没有达成任何协议。
　　思维拓展
　　break away(与from连用)突然离开；逃走，脱离
　　break in闯入；打断；插嘴
　　break into闯入，破门而入；突然开始……
　　break out (战争，火灾，瘟疫)突然发生；爆发
　　break through突破；冲破；取得突破性成就
　　break up 分解；分裂；拆散
　　④however，the southern part of ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.
　　然而，爱尔兰的南部地区却不愿意而分离出去了，并建立了自己的政府。
　　⑤when world war ⅰ broke out，he seemed to have become another man，downhearted.
　　当一战爆发时，他似乎变了一个人，很消沉。
　　⑥we don’t know the reason why they have broken up with each other.
　　我们不知道他们关系破裂的原因。
　　即境活用
　　11.(XX年高考江苏卷)—i’m surprised to hear that sue and paul have________.
　　—so am i．they seemed very happy together when i last saw them.
　　a．broken up b．finished up
　　c．pided up d．closed up
　　解析：选a。考查动词短语。根据对话可知两人对sue与paul的关系破裂都很惊讶。break up(婚姻)关系破裂，符合题意。finish up完成，吃光；pide up瓜分，分配。close up靠近，关闭。
　　12.(XX年高考四川卷)—how about your journey to mount emei?
　　—everything was wonderful except that our car________twice on the way.
　　a．slowed down b．broke down
　　c．got down d．put down
　　解析：选b。考查动词短语。a项意为＂减慢速度＂；b项意为＂出故障，抛锚＂；c项意为＂降下＂；d项意为＂把……放下；记下，平息＂。
　　句型梳理
　　1【教材原句】 (p59)cellphones，or mobile phones，make_it_possible_for_us_to_talk_to_anyone from anywhere.
　　手机让我们能够在任何地方跟任何人讲话。
　　【句法分析】 ＂make it possible for us to talk to anyone＂，本结构中＂it＂为形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式＂to talk to anyone＂，＂possible＂作宾语补足语。
　　动词make，think，find，feel，take，consider后可跟＂it 形容词 for sb. 动词不定式＂构成的复合宾语的句式。
　　①she found it very difficult for her to answer the question.
　　她发现要她回答那个问题是困难的。
　　②i think it useful for you to read english every morning.
　　我认为你每天早晨都读英语是有用的。
　　③i found it possible for them to improve the working conditions.我发现他们有可能改善工作条件。
　　④i felt it strange for him to come to school so early.
　　他那么早就来上学了，我感到很奇怪。
　　即境活用
　　13.as the busiest woman in norton，she made______her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
　　a．this b．that
　　c．one d．it
　　解析：选d。作为norton最忙的一位妇女，她把照顾这个镇里所有人的事务看作她的责任。此题中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to look after...；her duty在句中作宾语补足语。
　　14.he didn’t make________clear when and where the meeting would be held.
　　a．this b．that
　　c．it d．these
　　解析：选c。句意：他没说清楚会议将于何时、何地举行。依题干句式结构，make后缺形式宾语。四个选项中只有c项it能在句子中作形式主语或宾语。
　　2【教材原句】 (p59)the answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no_matter_where we are or what we are doing.
　　答案似乎是这样的：不管我们在哪儿或在做什么，都需要与朋友和家人保持联系。
　　【句法分析】 no matter where/what/who等引导让步状语从句，相当于wherever/whatever/whoever等；从句中谓语动词不能用将来时态。
　　①no matter how/however busy i am，i will spare some time to stay with my family.
　　不论我有多么忙，我都会腾出时间陪伴家人。
　　②whatever/no matter what you do，you shall take their feelings into consideration.
　　无论你做什么，你都要考虑他们的感受。
　　(1)疑问句 ever可以引导名词性从句，在句子中充当主语、宾语等，而no matter 疑问词不能引导名词性从句。
　　(2)no matter which/what/who或whichever/whatever/whoever所修饰的名词要紧跟其后；no matter how/however之后则紧接所修饰的形容词或副词。
　　思维拓展
　　③whoever breaks the law should be punished.(whoever breaks the law为主语从句)无论是谁违反法律都应该受到惩罚。
　　④the lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit whatever the season.
　　无论什么季节，这位律师除了一套西装以外，很少穿其他的。
　　⑤you may give the money to whoever is in need in your town.你可以把钱给你镇上特别需要钱的任何人。
　　即境活用
　　15.(XX年高考浙江卷)—how about camping this weekend，just for a change?
　　—ok，________you want.
　　a．whichever b．however
　　c．whatever d．whoever
　　解析：选c。考查连词。句意：——这个周末我们改变一下，去野营怎么样？——好的，你想做什么都可以。本题考查名词性从句。whichever无论，哪一个；however无论怎么样；whatever无论什么；whoever无论谁，指人。want为及物动词，缺少宾语，whatever一般在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语，故c项为正确答案。
　　16.(XX年高考重庆卷)to improve the quality of our products，we asked for suggestions________ had used the products.
　　a．whoever b．who
　　c．whichever d．which
　　解析：选a。句意：为提高产品的质量，我们向用过此产品的人征求建议。考查名词性从句。这里whoever( anyone who)引导宾语从句，而且在从句中作主语。who引导宾语从句，意为＂谁＂，故被排除；whichever表选择；which指＂哪一个＂。