WinForm（五）控件和它的成员

　　窗体无疑是WinForm的主角，每个窗体都是用一个class来承载，那么窗体的控件，就是类中的私有字段了。每个窗体有三个文件，两个.cs文件，是一个分部类，Designer.cs是自动生成的C#代码，一般是拖拽控件后生成的代码；另一个.cs文件是写业务代码用的；第三个是.resx文件，是资源文源，窗体的图片，图标，以及一些控件的配置信息。
　　比如下面的窗体：
　　生成的代码如下这么多，可见设计器出力不少。
　　注：下面代码只是为了让你看它有多长，不需要仔细研究。 namespace WinFormDemo04{    partial class Form1    {        /// 
        ///  Required designer variable.        /// 
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;        /// 
        ///  Clean up any resources being used.        /// 
        /// true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)        {            if (disposing && (components != null))            {                components.Dispose();            }            base.Dispose(disposing);        }        #region Windows Form Designer generated code        /// 
        ///  Required method for Designer support - do not modify        ///  the contents of this method with the code editor.        /// 
        private void InitializeComponent()        {                    this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();            this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();            this.comboBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();            this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();            this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();            this.treeView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeView();            this.dataGridView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView();            this.gridId = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewTextBoxColumn();            this.gridName = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewTextBoxColumn();            this.pictureBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox();            this.radioButton1 = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();            this.checkBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGridView1)).BeginInit();            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.pictureBox1)).BeginInit();            this.SuspendLayout();            //             // button1            //             this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(35, 27);            this.button1.Name = ＂button1＂;            this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);            this.button1.TabIndex = 0;            this.button1.Text = ＂button1＂;            this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;            this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);            //             // textBox1            //             this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(203, 27);            this.textBox1.Name = ＂textBox1＂;            this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 23);            this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;            this.textBox1.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.textBox1_TextChanged);            //             // comboBox1            //             this.comboBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;            this.comboBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 26);            this.comboBox1.Name = ＂comboBox1＂;            this.comboBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 25);            this.comboBox1.TabIndex = 2;            this.comboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.comboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged);            //             // listBox1            //             this.listBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;            this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 17;            this.listBox1.Items.AddRange(new object[] {            ＂111＂,            ＂222＂,            ＂aaa＂});            this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(199, 84);            this.listBox1.Name = ＂listBox1＂;            this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 89);            this.listBox1.TabIndex = 3;            this.listBox1.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.listBox1_SelectedIndexChanged);            //             // label1            //             this.label1.AutoSize = true;            this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(138, 30);            this.label1.Name = ＂label1＂;            this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(43, 17);            this.label1.TabIndex = 4;            this.label1.Text = ＂label1＂;            this.label1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.label1_Click);            //             // treeView1            //             System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode(＂节点1＂);            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode(＂节点2＂);            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode3 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode(＂节点0＂, new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] {            treeNode1,            treeNode2});            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode4 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode(＂节点4＂);            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode5 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode(＂节点5＂);            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode6 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode(＂节点3＂, new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] {            treeNode4,            treeNode5});            this.treeView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 84);            this.treeView1.Name = ＂treeView1＂;            treeNode1.Name = ＂节点1＂;            treeNode1.Text = ＂节点1＂;            treeNode2.Name = ＂节点2＂;            treeNode2.Text = ＂节点2＂;            treeNode3.Name = ＂节点0＂;            treeNode3.Text = ＂节点0＂;            treeNode4.Name = ＂节点4＂;            treeNode4.Text = ＂节点4＂;            treeNode5.Name = ＂节点5＂;            treeNode5.Text = ＂节点5＂;            treeNode6.Name = ＂节点3＂;            treeNode6.Text = ＂节点3＂;            this.treeView1.Nodes.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] {            treeNode3,            treeNode6});            this.treeView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 97);            this.treeView1.TabIndex = 5;            this.treeView1.AfterSelect += new System.Windows.Forms.TreeViewEventHandler(this.treeView1_AfterSelect);            //             // dataGridView1            //             this.dataGridView1.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.AutoSize;            this.dataGridView1.Columns.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumn[] {            this.gridId,            this.gridName});            this.dataGridView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(30, 209);            this.dataGridView1.Name = ＂dataGridView1＂;            this.dataGridView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(258, 150);            this.dataGridView1.TabIndex = 6;            this.dataGridView1.CellContentClick += new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellEventHandler(this.dataGridView1_CellContentClick);            //             // ID            //             this.gridId.HeaderText = ＂ID＂;            this.gridId.Name = ＂ID＂;            //             // GridName            //             this.gridName.HeaderText = ＂Name＂;            this.gridName.Name = ＂GridName＂;            //             // pictureBox1            //             this.pictureBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(321, 221);            this.pictureBox1.Name = ＂pictureBox1＂;            this.pictureBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 50);            this.pictureBox1.TabIndex = 7;            this.pictureBox1.TabStop = false;            this.pictureBox1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.pictureBox1_Click);            //             // radioButton1            //             this.radioButton1.AutoSize = true;            this.radioButton1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(33, 89);            this.radioButton1.Name = ＂radioButton1＂;            this.radioButton1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(102, 21);            this.radioButton1.TabIndex = 8;            this.radioButton1.TabStop = true;            this.radioButton1.Text = ＂radioButton1＂;            this.radioButton1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;            this.radioButton1.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioButton1_CheckedChanged);            //             // checkBox1            //             this.checkBox1.AutoSize = true;            this.checkBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(33, 125);            this.checkBox1.Name = ＂checkBox1＂;            this.checkBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(89, 21);            this.checkBox1.TabIndex = 9;            this.checkBox1.Text = ＂checkBox1＂;            this.checkBox1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;            this.checkBox1.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.checkBox1_CheckedChanged);            //             // Form1            //             this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(7F, 17F);            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(497, 418);            this.Controls.Add(this.checkBox1);            this.Controls.Add(this.radioButton1);            this.Controls.Add(this.pictureBox1);            this.Controls.Add(this.dataGridView1);            this.Controls.Add(this.treeView1);            this.Controls.Add(this.label1);            this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1);            this.Controls.Add(this.comboBox1);            this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);            this.Controls.Add(this.button1);            this.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(2);            this.Name = ＂Form1＂;            this.Text = ＂Form1＂;            this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGridView1)).EndInit();            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.pictureBox1)).EndInit();            this.ResumeLayout(false);            this.PerformLayout();        }        #endregion        private Button button1;        private TextBox textBox1;        private ComboBox comboBox1;        private ListBox listBox1;        private Label label1;        private TreeView treeView1;        private DataGridView dataGridView1;        private PictureBox pictureBox1;        private RadioButton radioButton1;        private CheckBox checkBox1;        private DataGridViewTextBoxColumn gridId;        private DataGridViewTextBoxColumn gridName;    }}
　　一个class中的成员可以是字段，属性，方法，构造函数，析构函数，事件，索引器，重载运算符，常量，内部嵌套类。通常，一个类库中的class，属性和方法是最常见的，到可视化窗体或控件类时，属性和事件是最常见的，这是因为通过电脑输入设备或内部的动作，会触发很多事件，这些事件会调用我们订阅的方法，从而完成业务的流转。所以学习可视化控件，就是学习他的属性和事件。每个控件，双击后自动订阅的事件就是这个控件最常用的控件，比如Button的Click，TextBox的TextChanged事件等。
　　有一些控件还有子控件或子选项，就像一个类型的一个属性是集合类型一些，可以添加子类型。有一些控件是容器控件，用来承载其他控件的，它有一个Controles的属性，可以添加其他类型的控件。
　　关于每个控件的使用这里就不展开了，因为相关的资料很多，官方的文档就是不错的选择。
　　在WinForm中，大部分事件都是以xxxEventHandler作为定义事件的委托，并且有两个参数，第一个是object sender，就是发出事件的控件，第二个参数是EventArgs或它的子类，如果是它子类，会携带一些事件的参数。xxxEventHandler和xxxEventArgs与EventHandler和EventArgs是委托和参数的关系，也是对应的。   private void dataGridView1_CellContentClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e){}
　　比如DataGridViewCellEventHandler和DataGridViewCellEventArgs，并且Args中有当前单元格的行与列下标。
　　学习控件是一个细活，一个一个过，关注他们的属性，事件，虽然方法比较少，但也是要关注的，就像研究一个类，就要看他的成员都有什么，各自作用是什么一样。