中国极端高温天气与太阳活动是否有关？

　　中国极端高温天气与太阳活动是否有关?
　　中国极端高温天气天气 和太阳风暴有关系吗
　　最近的高温与太阳风暴无关。太阳风暴指太阳在黑子活动高峰阶段产生的剧烈爆发活动。爆发时释放大量带电粒子所形成的高速粒子流，严重影响地球的空间环境，破坏臭氧层，干扰无线通信，对人体健康也有一定的危害，但是太阳风暴不会直接引起地表较为明显的温度变化。太阳风暴也绝非人类所能阻止的。理论上讲，我们可以缓解高温。一方面，可以通过人工移动云朵使之在高温地区产生降雨以降低温度；另一方面，也可以借鉴一些关于缓解全球变暖的设想方案，例如使用大型镜子反射阳光以减少地球吸收的太阳热量等等。但是这些大部分还只是设想，且耗费较高，同时这些行动可能造成的负面影响也不确定。总而言之，目前还无法实际缓解高温现象。
　　中国这几年的异常天气与全球天气变暖有关吗？
　　据《日本经济新闻》报道，日本横滨国立大学环境信息研究院的伊藤公纪教授制作了一张图表。从图上看，过去年间地球平均气温和太阳磁场强度的变化曲线基本吻合。伊藤公纪由此推断，太阳活动对气候变暖也有影响，仅用温室气体增加解释气候变暖可能不够全面。
　　太阳活动对地球气温的影响已被专家们关注了很长时间。一般来说，太阳黑子多的时候，太阳活动剧烈。比如史料曾记载，公元17世纪时太阳黑子很少出现，当时的地球气候也相对寒冷。但从地面获得的探测信息也显示，太阳活动强弱变化引起的太阳辐射能量变化幅度仅为0.1%，如此微小的变化似乎不足以对气候造成太大影响。
　　然而，最近国际空间科学界出现了一种假说，认为太阳活动的变化会改变地球上空的云量，＂放大＂太阳对地球的影响，从而左右气候变化。提出这种假说的丹麦科学家推测，射向地球的宇宙射线可较稳定地使部分大气离子化，使云容易生成，从而吸收太阳的大量辐射，降低地球温度。但是，太阳活动高峰时释放出的高速带电粒子流，能干扰宇宙射线射向地球，使云不易形成，进而导致地球温度升高。目前，丹麦科研人员正在研究与云形成有关的各种因素，以论证上述假说。
　　也有日本专家提出，虽然太阳辐射能量的变化幅度只有0.1%，但他们发现这种能量变化能使地球大气对于太阳紫外线的吸收量变化幅度达到百分之几，这种吸收量的增加会使大气臭氧层温度升高。日本气象研究所第二研究部负责人小寺邦彦表示，臭氧层温度的变化会波及对流层，从而对寒流和季风造成影响，但目前尚不清楚上述机制能对地球气候变暖产生多大影响。为了继续研究这个课题，小寺邦彦等人组成的国际研究小组已于去年开始工作
　　Is the extreme high temperature weather in China related to solar activity? Is there any relationship between extreme high temperature weather in China and solar storms? The recent heat has nothing to do with the solar storm. Solar storm refers to the violent eruptive activity of the sun during the peak stage of sunspot activity. The high-speed particle flow formed by a large number of charged particles released during the eruption seriously affects the earth＂s space environment, destroys the ozone layer, interferes with wireless communication, and also has certain harm to human health, but the solar storm will not directly cause obvious temperature changes on the surface. Solar storms are not something that humans can stop. In theory, we can mitigate the heat. On the one hand, we can artificially move clouds to produce rain in hot areas to reduce temperature; on the other hand, we can also learn from some ideas about global warming mitigation, such as using large mirrors to reflect sunlight to reduce the amount of solar heat absorbed by the earth. However, most of these are still tentative and costly, and the possible negative impact of these actions is uncertain. In a word, it is impossible to actually alleviate the high temperature phenomenon at present. Is the abnormal weather in China in recent years related to global warming? According to Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Professor Ito Gongji of the Institute of Environmental Information, Yokohama National University, Japan, made a chart. From the figure, the change curve of the average temperature of the earth and the intensity of the solar magnetic field in the past years is basically consistent. According to Ito, solar activity also has an impact on climate warming, and it may not be comprehensive enough to explain climate warming only by the increase of greenhouse gases. The influence of solar activity on the earth＂s temperature has been concerned by experts for a long time. Generally speaking, when there are many sunspots, the solar activity is intense. For example, historical records have recorded that sunspots rarely appeared in the 17th century AD, and the Earth＂s climate was relatively cold at that time. However, the detection information obtained from the ground also shows that the change of solar radiation energy caused by the change of solar activity intensity is only 0.1%, so it seems that such a small change is not enough to have a great impact on climate. Recently, however, a hypothesis has emerged in the international space science community that changes in solar activity will change the amount of clouds above the Earth, ＂magnifying＂ the influence of the Sun on the Earth, and thus affect climate change. Danish scientists who put forward this hypothesis speculate that cosmic rays directed at the Earth can ionize part of the atmosphere more steadily, making it easy for clouds to form, thus absorbing a large amount of solar radiation and lowering the Earth＂s temperature. However, the high-speed charged particles released during the peak of solar activity can interfere with cosmic rays to the Earth, making it difficult for clouds to form, which in turn leads to a rise in the Earth＂s temperature. At present, Danish researchers are studying various factors related to cloud formation to demonstrate the above hypothesis. Some Japanese experts also pointed out that although the change of solar radiation energy is only 0.1%, they found that this energy change can make the absorption of solar ultraviolet radiation by the earth＂s atmosphere change by several percent, and this increase in absorption will increase the temperature of the atmospheric ozone layer. Kunihiko Kodera, head of the Second Research Department of the Japan Meteorological Institute, said that changes in the temperature of the ozone layer would affect the troposphere, thus affecting cold currents and monsoons, but it was not clear how much the mechanism would affect the warming of the Earth＂s climate. In order to continue to study this topic, an international research team composed of Kunihiko Kodera and others began to work last year.